著者
武田 宏司 武藤 修一 大西 俊介 浅香 正博
出版者
一般財団法人 日本消化器病学会
雑誌
日本消化器病学会雑誌 (ISSN:04466586)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.107, no.10, pp.1586-1591, 2010 (Released:2010-10-05)
参考文献数
24

機能性ディスペプシア(FD)治療に用いられる代表的な方剤である六君子湯は,食欲不振に対する効果を手がかりとして,そのユニークな作用機序の解明が進んでいる.六君子湯の作用機序としては,従来,胃排出促進および胃適応弛緩の改善が知られていたが,摂食促進ホルモンであるグレリンの分泌を亢進させることがごく最近明らかとなった.シスプラチンや選択的セロトニントランスポーター阻害薬(SSRI)投与は,消化管粘膜や脳内のセロトニンを増加させ,セロトニン2Bあるいは2C受容体を介してグレリン分泌を抑制することがその副作用の発現に関わっているが,六君子湯はセロトニン2Bあるいは2C受容体に拮抗してグレリン分泌を改善する.六君子湯のグレリン分泌促進作用は,FDに対する効果に関わっている可能性も示唆されている.また,六君子湯は高齢動物の視床下部でレプチンの作用と拮抗することにより食欲を改善させる機序も有しており,今後さらに多くの作用点が見出される可能性が高い.
著者
内田 惠美子 筏 義人
出版者
一般社団法人 日本家政学会
雑誌
日本家政学会誌 (ISSN:09135227)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.4, pp.197-202, 2007 (Released:2008-12-19)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
1

It is important to assess the safety of clothes that are used in contact with human skin. In this study the level of primary skin irritation against various surfactants applied to clothes was evaluated using a cultured skin model. The irritation of anionic surfactants depended on the number of carbons in the alkyl substituent. When the number of carbons was in the range from 9 to 12, the surfactants showed positive in the irritation at concentrations higher than 0.5 wt%. However, the anionic surfactants with carbon numbers lower than 9 or higher than 12 showed negative even at concentrations as large as 1 wt%. The cell viability of nonionic surfactants containing poly(ethylene oxide) chains was dependent on the number of chains. The surfactants containing few chains or many carbons showed negative in the irritation assay, while those containing a certain number of chains and the carbon numbers around 10 showed highly positive at concentrations higher than 0.1 wt%. The irritation of quaternary ammonium salts, which are cationic surfactants, showed positive even at low concentrations, regardless of the number of carbons in the alkyl group.
著者
加藤 寛
出版者
日本武道学会
雑誌
武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.1, pp.1-8, 1977-07-05 (Released:2012-11-27)
参考文献数
34

The costume of the modern Kendo is dressed in the three-quarter sleeves and Umanori-Hakama. Hakama has usually tl. e length to reach an ankle. Because, by having so, we have the merit that our foot posture and foot action cannot be recognized by the others.On seeing the old pictures concerned with Kendo, there is some types. One is a long Hakama in Shinkage-style. The others are a short lengthened Hakama, and playing figure to taking “Momodachi” to have free legs action. These are different from the style of the modern Kendo. Especially, Momodachi-style could be seen in early of Meiji Era. But, method of taking “Momodachi” had various way and that had definite as life pattern of Bushi.As a part of the history of Kendo, I described the process of Momodachi-style, how to take Momodachi, and their historical resource.
著者
多賀 太 天童 睦子
出版者
日本教育社会学会
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.93, pp.119-150, 2013-11-30 (Released:2015-03-25)
参考文献数
147
被引用文献数
2 2
著者
酒井 英樹
出版者
一般社団法人 日本色彩学会
雑誌
日本色彩学会誌 (ISSN:03899357)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.2, pp.59, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-06-09)
参考文献数
20

赤い血が流れているにも拘わらず,肌表面で静脈が青く見えるという現象は,色の不思議として,定期的に新聞や科学雑誌の読者質問で取り上げられる“よくある質問”である.しかし,その回答は2つに分かれており,実際(物理的)には青くはなく,青く見えるのは錯視である(錯視説)というものと,実際(物理的)に青くなっており,その理由は短波長である青色光は皮膚内部で散乱されやすいからだ(散乱光説)というものとがある.本稿では,どちらの説が正しいかを調べることを目的に,腕の静脈,及び(同じく青く見える)蒙古斑の分光測色を行った.その結果,腕の静脈,蒙古斑とも,物理的には青くはなく,黄赤であった.ただし,周辺の皮膚色に比べて,明度,彩度とも低下していた.この結果は,錯視説を支持するものであり,青く見えるのは,明るく鮮やかな周辺の皮膚との色対比などの心理効果によって,反対色である青が知覚されるためと考えられる.ただし,その錯視量についての評価は行っておらず,錯視の詳しいメカニズムについては,今後検証が必要である.

3 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1945年12月07日, 1945-12-07
著者
境家 史郎
出版者
日本選挙学会
雑誌
選挙研究 (ISSN:09123512)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.2, pp.5-17, 2010 (Released:2017-03-31)
参考文献数
12

本稿の目的は,候補者レベルの選挙公約が決定されるメカニズムについて,現代日本政治の保守化の問題と関連させながら論じることである。1990年代後半以降,国旗国歌法制定,首相の靖国神社参拝,防衛「省」昇格,教育基本法,国民投票法制定など保守的傾向の強い政策実施が目立つが,こうした日本政治の保守化傾向を説明する要因のひとつとして選挙過程が機能しているというのが筆者の立場である。すなわち,近年の「小選挙区制+左翼政党候補の出馬+公明党の自民候補推薦」という選挙競争の文脈において,自民党,民主党候補が「選挙民の選好分布とは独立に」より保守的な公約を訴えるインセンティブを持つことを理論的に示し,実証するのが本稿の主題である。
出版者
日経BP
雑誌
日経エレクトロニクス = Nikkei electronics : sources of innovation (ISSN:03851680)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1215, pp.68-76, 2020-05

2020年3月3日、米Google(グーグル)のクラウドサービス部門「Google Cloud」は、大谷翔平選手なども活躍する米メジャーリーグ(MLB)の"公式クラウド"として複数年契約を締結したと発表した。MLBの技術子会社が開発した、ボールや選手の動きを追跡してデータ化す…

3 0 0 0 OA 色葉字類抄

著者
橘忠兼 [著]
出版者
育徳財団
巻号頁・発行日
vol.上, 1926
著者
西原 克成
出版者
バイオメカニズム学会
雑誌
バイオメカニズム学会誌 (ISSN:02850885)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.4, pp.221-225, 1999-11-01 (Released:2016-11-01)
参考文献数
15

脊椎動物を規定する物質的根拠からこの宗族の進化という現象を観察すると,最も劇的な体制の変化が進化の第二革命の上陸において発生していることが明らかとなる.この変化は主に呼吸系,骨格系,皮膚において生ずるもので,この変化の原因を宇宙を構成する構成則から考慮すると,時間と空間と質量のないエネルギーおよび,質量のある物質によって同じ遺伝形質のまま形態と機能が変化することが明らかとなる.用不用の法則と生命発生原則に,分子遺伝子学と生体力学を導入し,この第二革命で発生する骨髄造血の人工モデルを用いて進化の法則について検証したので解説する.

3 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1907年12月24日, 1907-12-24
著者
佐藤 暁
出版者
日本哲学会
雑誌
哲学 (ISSN:03873358)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2011, no.62, pp.253-266_L15, 2011 (Released:2011-12-09)
参考文献数
9

Inquiry into the theory of meaning (hereafter refered to as “inquiry”) is a new method of inquiry in the philosophy of language proposed in the 1960s. It was considered new in terms of both its subject and method. In this paper, we identify the subject and method of Dummett's analysis, as he advocated his anti-realist theory of meaning. For Dummett, inquiry is the analysis of the ability that a person who can speak a language actually has, that is, a practical ability to speak a particular language. The ability to speak a language is not the ability to speak sentences or a set of such abilities, because one learns to speak a language not by memorizing sentences or their use. An analysis of the ability to speak a language is parallel to that of an ability to cook a particular dish. Dummett says a theory of meaning is a description of linguistic ability.However, it is not clear how we can philosophically “describe” an unobservable ability that is distinguished from any observable act. In justifying his project, Dummett asserts that practical abilities can be classified as knowledge or nonknowledge. The former abilities, being knowledge themselves, have propositions the knowledge of which translates to the ability itself. These propositions are not a description of the ability from the outside but an “internal description” of such an ability. The propositions themselves are components of an ability, and abilities can be philosophically analyzed by clarifying these propositions. Dummett states that the abilities to speak a language and cook a dish are both knowledge.In cooking, the recipe of a dish is an internal description of the ability to cook the dish. Therefore, we can clarify propositions corresponding to a recipe in cooking as an analysis of linguistic ability. Clarifying such propositions is inquiry, and the propositions constitute a theory of meaning for language.

3 0 0 0 OA 官報

著者
大蔵省印刷局 [編]
出版者
日本マイクロ写真
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1934年12月13日, 1934-12-13
著者
村山 輝志
出版者
日本武道学会
雑誌
武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.3, pp.8-15, 1992-03-31 (Released:2012-11-27)
参考文献数
21

In the Edo era, a Budo trainee who wished to enter a Budo school had to present a written oath before he become a disciple. This thesis considered the substance of a written oath of the Gigen school, which prospered in the Satsuma feudal clan.The first part of the written oath is composed of a promise not to teach the technique and theory to other people. The next part is a note of understanding that the trainee may be punished by God if he breaks his promise.Why did the trainee promise to keep the theory and technique secret ?(1) Students were conferred full masterships by the teacher after under going Violent disciplines.(2) They were educated in skills and theory that included religion. Therefore, they must be disciplined for a long time.(3) Some one who is not disciplined does not understand it because he has not experienced it.When the disciple received full mastershis, it was done in a solemn ceremony with the disciple presenting a written oath to the teacher. At that time the disciple received his license.The entrance ceremony, methods of training and imitation rites for the Gigen school of Budo closely resemble those for the Shingon religion. As the Shingon religion is much older than Budo, this suggests that Tigen Budo was influenced by Shingon.
著者
Jun-ichi Satoh Yoshihiro Kino Motoaki Yanaizu Youhei Tosaki Kenji Sakai Tsuyoshi Ishida Yuko Saito
出版者
International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement
雑誌
Intractable & Rare Diseases Research (ISSN:21863644)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.2017.01073, (Released:2017-11-21)
参考文献数
30
被引用文献数
12 26

Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD) is a rare autosomal recessive leukoencephalopathy caused by a loss-of-function mutation of either TYROBP (DAP12) or TREM2 expressed in microglia. A rare variant of the TREM2 gene encoding p.Arg47His causes a 3-fold increase in the risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). A recent study demonstrated that a rare coding variant p.Ser209Phe in the ABI family member 3 (ABI3) gene, a regulator of actin cytoskeleton organization, confers risk of developing of LOAD, although the pattern of ABI3 expression in AD and NHD brains with relevance to microglial pathology remains to be characterized. We investigated the cell type-specific expression of ABI3 in the brains derived from four non-neurological controls (NC), ten AD and five NHD cases by immunohistochemistry. We identified an intense ABI3 immunoreactivity chiefly on a subset of microglia with ramified or amoeboid morphology located in the grey matter and the white matter of the frontal cortex and the hippocampus of NC, AD, and NHD cases. The immunolabeled area of ABI3-positive microglia was not significantly different among NC, AD, and NHD cases due to great variability from case to case. The clusters of ABI3-immunoreactive microglia were found exclusively in AD brains and they were associated with amyloid plaques. Although these observations do not actively support the view that ABI3-immunoreactive microglia play a central role in the development of leukoencephalopathy in NHD brains and the neurodegeneration in AD brains, the intense expression of ABI3 on microglia might regulate their migration under conditions of health and disease in the central nervous system (CNS).