3 0 0 0 OA 有朋堂文庫

著者
塚本哲三 等編
出版者
有朋堂書店
巻号頁・発行日
vol.〔第116〕, 1917

3 0 0 0 OA 明治史要

著者
太政官修史館 編
出版者
博聞社
巻号頁・発行日
vol.附録表, 1886
著者
橋本 紘樹
出版者
日本独文学会
雑誌
ドイツ文学
巻号頁・発行日
vol.156, pp.174-191, 2018

Theodor W. Adorno behandelte Heinrich Heine zweimal. Der bekanntere Vortrag ist <i>Die Wunde Heine</i>, der 1956 an dessen hundertsten Todestag vom Kölner Rundfunk ausgestrahlt wurde. Der zweite ist <i>Toward a reappraisal of Heine</i>, den Adorno 1948 an der Universität von Los Angeles auf Englisch vortrug. Hierbei anzumerken ist eine entscheidende Wendung im Leben Adornos, nämlich die Heimkehr nach Deutschland aus dem Exil in den USA, das aufgrund der antisemitischen Verfolgung und des Arbeitsverbots im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland erfolgte. Zu dieser Heimkehr entschloss er sich 1949. Die gesellschaftliche Lage, die Adorno in der BRD vorfand und die grundlegenden Einfluss auf seine Kulturtheorie ausübte, sowie die dama­lige deutsche Heine-Rezeption änderten seine Haltung zu diesem Thema. In der bisherigen Forschung zur Heine-Interpretation Adornos wird diese verän­derte Einstellung kaum berücksichtigt. Das Hauptziel der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt im Herausarbeiten der Intention Adornos, mittels der Heine-Lektüre die zeitgenössische Lage zu kritisieren, zu welchem Zweck beide Vorträge unter den genannten Aspekten verglichen werden.<br> Bislang herrschte die Vorstellung vor, dass er sich von der amerikanischen Kultur distanzierte. Allerdings wird in neuerer Zeit seine Konzeption des Versuches, konkrete Kritik an der Kulturindustrie zu üben, hervorgehoben. Schon während seines Exils setzte er sich mit der Unmöglichkeit einer rein geistigen, von den gesellschaftlichen Verhält­nissen unabhängigen Kultur und der Rolle der Kultur im Kapitalismus auseinander. Diese Problematik spiegelt sich im Heine-Vortrag wider, den Adorno in Amerika hielt. Sein Schwerpunkt liegt in der Neubewertung der Gedichte Heines. Dabei fällt auf, dass er die Interpretation Heines aus der jüdischen Perspektive ablehnte. Adorno zufol­ge soll der Gegensatz zwischen Lyrik und Kommerzialismus themati­siert werden. Heine habe aufgedeckt, dass echte Lyrik unter den Bedingungen der Industriegesellschaft unmöglich sei, während er zugleich die Tradition der Lyrik gegen die Zeitläufe zu bewahren versuchte. Bedenkt man, dass der Vortragsort in den USA lag, wo sich der Kapitalismus am schnellsten ent­wickelte, so ist wohl nicht von der Hand zu weisen, dass Adornos Intention eine Kritik an der gesellschaftlichen Lage in den USA war.<br> In der BRD dagegen war Adorno mit einem restaurativen geistigen Klima konfrontiert. Seit der Adenauer-Ära dominierten die Kulturkonservativen, die schon vor dem Krieg den intellektuellen Bereich beherrscht hatten, erneut das kulturelle Leben des Landes. Ihre elitäre Berufung auf Kultur und Geist sowie Identifizierung dieser mit der Nation, knüpften an den Antisemitismus der Nazi-Ideologie an. Nach seiner Rückkehr warnte Adorno vor den restau­rativen Tendenzen in der Kultur und versuchte einen anderen, besseren Um­gang mit der Kultur zu konzipieren. Seiner Meinung nach sei die Existenz­möglichkeit der Kultur nur durch Kritik am Aufkommen von Halbbildung gesichert.<br>(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)
著者
Ayaka NAKASHIMA Koji YAMADA Osamu IWATA Ryota SUGIMOTO Kohei ATSUJI Taro OGAWA Naoko ISHIBASHI-OHGO Kengo SUZUKI
出版者
Center for Academic Publications Japan
雑誌
Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.1, pp.8-17, 2018 (Released:2018-02-28)
参考文献数
84
被引用文献数
139

β-Glucans are a class of polysaccharides consisting of D-glucose units that are polymerized primarily via the β-1,3 glycosidic bonds, in addition to the β-1,4 and/or β-1,6 bonds. They are present in various food products such as cereals, mushrooms, and seaweeds and are known for their numerous effects on the human body, depending on their structures, which are diverse. The major physicochemical properties of β-glucans include their antioxidant property, which is responsible for the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and their role as dietary fiber for preventing the absorption of cholesterol, for promoting egestion, and for producing short-chain fatty acids in the intestine. Dietary β-glucans also exert immunostimulatory and antitumor effects by activation of cells of the mucosal immune system via β-glucan receptors, such as dectin-1. In this review, we elaborate upon the diversity of the structures and functions of β-glucans present in food, along with discussing their proposed mechanisms of action. In addition to the traditional β-glucan-containing foods, recent progress in the commercial mass cultivation and supply of an algal species, Euglena gracilis, as a food material is briefly described. Mass production has enabled consumption of paramylon, a Euglena-specific novel β-glucan source. The biological effects of paramylon are discussed and compared with those of other β-glucans.
著者
Souichiro Kato Motoko Takashino Kensuke Igarashi Wataru Kitagawa
出版者
Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles
雑誌
Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.1, pp.ME19128, 2020 (Released:2020-02-08)
参考文献数
41
被引用文献数
18

Although the bioavailability of rare earth elements (REEs, including scandium, yttrium, and 15 lanthanides) has not yet been examined in detail, methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) were recently shown to harbor specific types of methanol dehydrogenases (XoxF-MDHs) that contain lanthanides in their active site, whereas their well-characterized counterparts (MxaF-MDHs) were Ca2+-dependent. However, lanthanide dependency in methanotrophs has not been demonstrated, except in acidic environments in which the solubility of lanthanides is high. We herein report the isolation of a lanthanide-dependent methanotroph from a circumneutral environment in which lanthanides only slightly dissolved. Methanotrophs were enriched and isolated from pond sediment using mineral medium supplemented with CaCl2 or REE chlorides. A methanotroph isolated from the cerium (Ce) chloride-supplemented culture, Methylosinus sp. strain Ce-a6, was clearly dependent on lanthanide. Strain Ce-a6 only required approximately 30 nM lanthanide chloride for its optimal growth and exhibited the ability to utilize insoluble lanthanide oxides, which may enable survival in circumneutral environments. Genome and gene expression analyses revealed that strain Ce-a6 lost the ability to produce functional MxaF-MDH, and this may have been due to a large-scale deletion around the mxa gene cluster. The present results provide evidence for lanthanide dependency as a novel survival strategy by methanotrophs in circumneutral environments.
著者
志波 彩子 SHIBA Ayako
出版者
名古屋大学人文学研究科
雑誌
名古屋大学人文学研究論集 (ISSN:2433233X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, pp.305-323, 2018-03-31

It is known that the Japanese passive clitic -rare- also has an abilitative/potential meaning. However, the mechanism through which each meaning is construed has not been sufficiently revealed through previous studies. The clitic -rare- that emerged through the analogy of spontaneous intransitive verbal inflection, resulted in inheriting the spontaneity in the meaning, as many studies has argued. However, at the same time the -rare- sentence is closely connected to the speaker’s standpoint, which is a crucial factor in explaining the meanings of a sentence with -rare- usage. A sentence such as “Kono sakana wa nama de tabe-rare-ru. (this fish is/can be eaten raw)” is construed as passive when we describe/construe it in a neutral standpoint. Meanwhile, the same sentence can be construed as abilitative/potential when we refer to it from the standpoint of the agent who hopes or intends to realize the event that is referred to by the verb. The construction where the passive and abilitative/potential meanings interact most frequently is the inanimate-theme subject type, especially when the agent is a generic person as well as defocused.
著者
城生 伯太郎
出版者
文教大学
雑誌
文学部紀要 (ISSN:09145729)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.2, pp.87-98, 2010-03

言語学の1領域に社会言語学があるのと同様に、音声学の1領域に社会音声学(socio-phonetics)の有用性を訴える。定義は、「音声学の一分野で、音声の産出、伝播、受容・認知の3大側面に影響を及ぼす社会的・文化的な諸要因を探求することを、主たる研究目的とする」とする。方法論は、原則的に記述研究によるが、面接調査による資料収集の際に調音音声学的記述にとどまらず、高品位の録音(場合によっては録画)をも並行して実行し、後日それらのデータをことごとく音響解析して定量化することが不可欠である。さらに、場合によっては実験室まで被験者にご足労をお願いして、事象関連電位を用いた脳波実験を行うこともあり得る。理論的枠組みとしては、一般言語学が強い関心を寄せるラングと、音声学が強い関心を寄せるパロルとの中間に位置する「norma」や「音芯論的レベル」を、基本的単位とする。
著者
今泉 容子
出版者
筑波大学文藝・言語学系
雑誌
文藝言語研究 文藝篇 (ISSN:03877523)
巻号頁・発行日
no.51, pp.232-173, 2007
著者
緒方 篤哉 清水 浩 佐敷 諭 山口 明
出版者
公益社団法人 日本獣医師会
雑誌
日本獣医師会雑誌 (ISSN:04466454)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.4, pp.231-234, 1999-04-20 (Released:2011-06-17)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
1 1

起立困難あるいは不能を呈した乳牛 (27例) にオゾン自家血液療法を実施したところ, 臨床的に明らかな鎮痛効果を示すとともに起立行動が容易となり, 血清GOTおよびCPK活性は短期間で有意に下降し, 27例中17例 (63%) が治癒した.
著者
中村 美詠子 尾島 俊之 野田 龍也 亀山 良子 福川 康之
出版者
浜松医科大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2013-04-01

フード・インセキュリティは物理的、社会的、経済的に食料アクセスが阻害された状態であり、近年、非伝染性疾患との関連が注目されている。本研究は日本におけるフード・インセキュリティの構成要素、該当状況、栄養状態、関連疾患について調査した。観察研究の結果 (1)多忙、遅いあるいは不規則な夕食等の時間的要因が主要な構成要素の一つであること、(2)日本人一般労働者や大学生に少なからず存在すること、(3)栄養摂取の乏しさやメンタルヘルスの低さに関連していることが明らかにされた。食環境対策推進においてはライフスタイルにおける時間的要素の変革が必要だろう。
著者
蜂須 貢
出版者
昭和大学薬学雑誌編集委員会
雑誌
昭和大学薬学雑誌 (ISSN:18847854)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, no.1, pp.57-70, 2011-06

2011年現在、新規抗うつ薬は選択的セロトニン再取り込み阻害薬(SSRI)としてフルボキサミン、パロキセチンおよびセルトラリン、セロトニン・ノルアドレナリン再取り込み阻害薬(SNRI)としてミルナシプランおよびデュロキセチン、ノルアドレナリン作動性・特異的セロトニン作動性抗うつ薬(NaSSA)としてミルタザピンの計6剤が日本国内で使用可能である。これらはいずれもモノアミンの遊離を脳内で促進し、うつ病に効果をもたらすと考えられている。その中でもミルタザピンは特異な薬理作用を持っており、アドレナリンα2受容体を阻害する結果ノルアドレナリンとセロトニンの遊離を促進する(詳細は本文参照)。SSRIやSNRIは抗うつ効果発現までに服薬開始後2~4週間を要するが、NaSSAミルタザピンは抗うつ効果発現は約1週間と速やかである。これはモノアミン再取り込み阻害作用と受容体拮抗作用の違いで説明される。また、うつ病では前頭前野や海馬の機能および容積の低下が認められている。一方、抗うつ薬および抗うつ作用を示す療法(電気けいれん療法など)では海馬などで神経新生が認められている。抗うつ薬の長期投与ではうつ病の再発予防効果が認められており、抗うつ薬による神経新生がうつ病患者の脳機能を強化していると考えられるに至っている。これらの作用について経時的な神経系の活性化とモノアミン受容体の役割についてSSRIとNaSSAを比較しながら概説した。(著者抄録)
著者
屋良 健一郎
出版者
公益財団法人 史学会
雑誌
史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.121, no.11, pp.1839-1874, 2012

The island of Tanegashima, which is located south of the Osumi Pennisula of southern Kyushu is best known as the portal for the initial entry of firearms into Japan and the first manufacturer of Japanese-made firearms and has in the research to date been studied almost exclusively in that light, including studies of the Island's feudal lords, the Tanegashima Clan. Although there is some very specialized research on the Tanegashima Clan as locally based land proprietors (kokujin 国人) who went through a process of subjugation to the Shimazu Clan, the characteristic features of the Tanegashimas have yet to be sufficiently explored. The Tanegashimas, who occupied a territory between the ruling feudal lords of Satsuma Province, the Shimazu Clan, and the kingdom of the Ryukyu Islands, should be considered as having a unique character in the light of such geographical circumstances. The present article is an attempt to place the Tanegashima Clan within the context of the southern Kyushu maritime world as it existed during the late medieval period. By virtue of their military alliance with the Shimazu Clan which resulted in their consequent control of the islands to the south of Kyushu, the Tanegashimas were given the opportunity to engage with merchant ships and Chinese junks and participate in trade with the Ryukyu Kingdom. Consequently, the Tanegashimas were able to obtain foreign manufactures; and following their conversion during the latter half of the 15th century to the Nichiren Sect of Buddhism, came to enjoy personal contact and exchange with figures in the capital region, and in the process of fostering ties of mutual friendship, the leading aristocrats and samurai commanders residing in Kyoto found a new source of foreign goods. It should be specially noted that those who came to the islands from the capital region were enthusiastically recruited as vassals by the Tanegashima Clan. This "Kyoto connection" was invaluable in negotiating and securing Shimazu Takahisa's appointment to the prestigious post of Shuri Daibu (Minister of Public Works) in 1551. In the background to the Tanegashima Clan's intimate "Kyoto connection" and its knowledge and technical know-how regarding arms production lay its close relations to the Shimazu Clan, but such relations were by no mean exclusionary, as the Tanegashimas actively sought contact with other feudal lords. Regarding the Ryukyu Kingdom, it was during the reign of its second king, Shoshin (1477-1526), that the monarch assumed an attitude of superiority over the surrounding islands, but continued to trade with the Tanegashimas, despite their "inferiority". In the background of Tanegashima Tadatoki's trade relations with the Ryukyus probably lay the desire to obtain from that kingdom goods that the Hosokawa Clan was importing to the Ming Dynasty, as evidenced by the alliance formed with Hosokawa Takatoki, who was an important figure in the promotion of Sino-Japanese trade relations. The author is also of the opinion that the socalled attempt by Ouchi Yoshitaka to blockade Tanegashima's ships should rather be interpreted as an attempt to intercept the ships being sent to China by Hosokawa Harumoto. From the standpoint of the family as a force in maritime foreign trade due to its geographical location, the Tanegashima Clan should be considered in the light of its multilateral diplomatic ties to the other powerful players in Japan's southern maritime region.

3 0 0 0 OA 国史大系

著者
経済雑誌社 編
出版者
経済雑誌社
巻号頁・発行日
vol.第3巻 続史愚抄 巻55−81, 1905