著者

倉田 量介

出版者

獨協大学国際教養学部言語文化学科

雑誌

マテシス・ウニウェルサリス (ISSN:13452770)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.73-93, 2014-03

著者

中垣 俊之 小林 亮

出版者

北海道大学

雑誌

萌芽研究

巻号頁・発行日

2006

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アメーバ生物である粘菌変形体は、何ら分化した器官を持たないので、環境のセンシング・判断・運動を体全体で渾然一体となって行う。感じる体、判断する体である。その体は高度に均質なサブシステムからなっている。したがって、均質な要素からなる系の集団運動から情報機能が創発するしくみを解明するにはまたとないモデル系である。この利点を最大限に活かして、粘菌の最適化アルゴリズムの抽出に取り組み、以下の成果を得た。1)小さい餌場所を数個程度あちこちに配置すると粘菌はネットワーク形態を成して全ての餌場所にありついた。このネットワークは、全長が短くなるような性質を有しており、時々、真に最短なルートしめした。これにヒントを得て、一般的なスタイナー問題(平面上に任意の個数の点が任意の場所にある場合、全ての点を結ぶ最短経路を求める問題)を解く計算法を考案し、パラメタサーチと性能評価をくりかえし、ソルバーを提案できた。2)都市間交通(道路や鉄道など)ネットワークの持つべき性質である、全長の最短性、任意の二つの餌場所間の連絡性、事故による管の断線に対する連結補償性に関して、これら三つの性質の重みを変えて自在に設計するような粘菌型計算法を提案できた。粘菌の計算能力はまだまだ底が知れないこともわかった。今後、この実験系をさらに利用することにより、新たな生物型計算法のヒントが得られるものと期待できる。そのような発展的糸口を与えることが、本萌芽研究により成し遂げられた。

著者

菅田 薄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本耳鼻咽喉科学会

雑誌

日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 (ISSN:00306622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.12, pp.1590-1600, 1976-12-20 (Released:2008-03-19)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

1

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The function of the external laryngeal muscles in laryngeal adjustment was experimentally investigated in the mongrel dog.Electrical stimulation was given to the nerve trunk innervating the pertinent muscle.oz muscle group.In someselected cases, sets of different muscle or muscle groups were simul-taneously stimulated.Positional changes in the laryngeal structures, especially of the laryngeal cartilages before and after stimulation were measured by means of double contrast roentgeno-graphy.Changes in the position and configuration of the vocal cord were observed by, simpl-taneous intralaryngeal photography.On the basis of the experimental data, biomechanical effects of the external laryngeal muscles on laryngeal adjustment were discussed.Through the present study, it was confirmed that the external laryngeal muscles imparted mechanical effects on the larynx basically in the following manner;1)the change in reciprocal positioning of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages, 2)the change in vertical position of the entire larynx, and 3)structural warp of the laryngeal frame-work.It was concluded that the change in the position and configuration of the vocal cord was induced by synergestic or antagonistic function of each external laryngeal muscle or muscle group, through the three basic pattern of the mechanisms mentioned above.

著者

安西銍次郎, 成田彦市 編

出版者

青森交詢社出版部

巻号頁・発行日

1913

著者

相原 耕作

出版者

政治思想学会

雑誌

政治思想研究 (ISSN:1346924X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.6-38, 2013-05

著者

Seung-min Nam Won-hyo Kim Chang-kyo Yun

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.4, pp.775-778, 2017 (Released:2017-04-20)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 6

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[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effects of multisensory dynamic balance training on muscles thickness such as rectus femoris, anterior tibialis, medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy by using ultrasonography. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen children diagnosed with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy were divided randomly into the balance training group and control group. The experimental group only received a multisensory dynamic balance training, while the control group performed general physiotherapy focused balance and muscle strengthening exercise based Neurodevelopmental treatment. Both groups had a therapy session for 30 minutes per day, three times a week for six weeks. The ultrasonographic muscle thickness were obtained in order to compare and analyze muscle thickness before and after in each group. [Result] The experimental group had significant increases in muscle thickness in the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius and lateral gastrocnemius muscles. The control group had significant increases in muscle thickness in the tibialis anterior. The test results of the rectus femoris, medial gastrocnemius and lateral gastrocnemius muscle thickness values between the groups showed significant differences. [Conclusion] In conclusion, a multisensory dynamic balance training can be recommended as a treatment method for patients with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

著者

雨宮 処凛

出版者

日本評論社

雑誌

こころの科学 (ISSN:09120734)

巻号頁・発行日

no.175, pp.61-64, 2014-05

著者

Fumihiro Asano Naofumi Shinagawa Takashi Ishida Akifumi Tsuzuku Motoko Tachihara Kenya Kanazawa Noriyuki Yamada Satoshi Oizumi Hiroshi Moriya

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.9, pp.1021-1025, 2015 (Released:2015-05-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

6 28 4

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Objective Bronchoscopy using radial-endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS) and virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) is a promising method for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions. We previously performed a randomized comparative trial (RCT) (i.e., VBN combined with EBUS RCT) involving patients with 30-mm or smaller peripheral pulmonary lesions and found that the addition of VBN to R-EBUS improved the diagnostic yield. In the present study, we performed a retrospective subanalysis in order to identify patients for whom VBN is useful. Methods The per-protocol population (194 cases) of the VBN combined with EBUS RCT was divided into subgroups based on the lesion size, lung lobe containing the lesion, lesion location, presence or absence of involved bronchi (bronchus sign) on thin-section CT and whether the lesion was detected on posterior-anterior (P-A) radiographs. The difference in the diagnostic yield between the VBN-assisted (VBNA) and non-VBN-assisted (NVBNA) groups was investigated. Results Within the bronchus sign-positive subgroup, the diagnostic yield in the VBNA and NVBNA groups was 94.4% (68/72) and 77.8% (56/72), respectively, showing a significantly higher yield in the VBNA group (p=0.004; odds ratio: 4.9). The yield was particularly high for lesions smaller than 20 mm (94.6% vs. 70.7%; p=0.006), lesions located in the peripheral third of the lung field (95.1% vs. 71.4%; p=0.005) and lesions invisible on P-A radiographs (90.0% vs. 41.7%; p=0.026). Conclusion VBN improves the diagnostic yield when combined with R-EBUS to assess lesions exhibiting involved bronchi on CT images.

著者

吉村 芳弘 山鹿 眞紀夫 古閑 博明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本リハビリテーション医学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (ISSN:18813526)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.309-316, 2018-04-18 (Released:2018-05-21)

参考文献数

50

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リハビリテーションを行う高齢者には,低栄養とサルコペニアの合併が多い.高齢リハビリテーション患者の低栄養とサルコペニアの有症率はそれぞれ49~67%,40~46.5%と報告されている.低栄養とサルコペニアはいずれもリハビリテーションや健康関連のアウトカムと負の関連がある.それゆえ,リハビリテーションを行う高齢者に対しては,全身管理と併存疾患のリスク管理を行いつつ,積極的な栄養サポートを多職種で推進する必要がある.

著者

Hiroshi Kajihara Kotaro Tamura Shinri Tomioka

出版者

The Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology

雑誌

Species Diversity (ISSN:13421670)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.13-37, 2018-05-25 (Released:2018-05-26)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

10

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Seven (including six new) species of interstitial hoplonemerteans in the genus Ototyphlonemertes Diesing, 1863 are described from southern Vietnam. The descriptions are based on light microscopic examination of internal structures as well as three methods of molecular species delimitation analyses, i) Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), ii) Poisson Tree Process (PTP), and iii) statistical parsimony, on the basis of ~658-bp cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences that have been i) newly determined from the Vietnamese specimens and ii) deposited in the public databases for other Ototyphlonemertes species. Three taxa are circumscribed as ‘species groups’ and placed at an infra-subgeneric, supra-specific rank, each represented by O. duplex Bürger, 1895, O. macintoshi Bürger, 1895, and O. parmula Corrêa, 1950. Of the seven Vietnamese species, one is identified as Ototyphlonemertes (species group macintoshi) ani Chernyshev, 2007, which is molecularly confirmed to be distributed from Vietnam (Phu Quoc and Nha Trang) to Japan (Okinawa and Wakayama). The other six are new to science, to which formal taxonomic descriptions are given: these are O. (duplex) chernyshevi sp. nov., O. (duplex) envalli sp. nov., O. (duplex) norenburgi sp. nov., O. (parmula) lei sp. nov., O. (parmula) nakaoae sp. nov., and O. (parmula) tsukagoshii sp. nov.

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1888年12月04日, 1888-12-04

著者

鈴木 則宏

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

日本内科学会雑誌 (ISSN:00215384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, no.Suppl, pp.98a-102a, 2017-02-20 (Released:2018-02-20)

参考文献数

9

著者

佐藤 嘉一

出版者

金沢大学法文学部

雑誌

金沢大学法文学部論集 哲学編 (ISSN:0386944X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.23, pp.p19-54, 1975

著者

大田黒元雄 著

出版者

第一書房

巻号頁・発行日

1926

著者

塩田 祥子 Shoko SHIOTA 花園大学社会福祉学部 Faculty of Social Welfare Hanazono University

出版者

花園大学社会福祉学部

雑誌

花園大学社会福祉学部研究紀要 (ISSN:09192042)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.31-40,

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わが国の福祉現場においてスーパービジョンの浸透は十分でない。なぜなのか。そのことを本研究では文献により整理した。そして、福祉現場におけるスーパービジョンの課題についてまとめた。根づかない理由として、(1)同職種間スーパービジョンが困難であり、かつ、経験値でスーパーバイザー役割が決まる、(2)管理的立場からのスーパービジョンの不理解のために、スーパービジョンの形骸化がおこる、(3)日本人はスーパービジョン関係といった契約関係よりも、感覚的な人間関係に重きを置く、といったことがあげられる。欧米発の理論をわが国の福祉現場にそのまま当てはめようとしても無理が生じて当然である。その現場ごとに応じたスーパービジョンを模索していくことが求められる。In Japan, supervision in the welfare services is not sufficiently widespread. In this study, we classify the literature on its reasons and summarize the issues of supervision in welfare services. The reasons why supervision is not sufficiently widespread include the following factors: 1) Supervision among people in the same type of occupation is difficult, and the role of supervisor is determined by the amount of experience. 2) Since supervision is not understood from a management standpoint, it loses its substance. 3) Japanese people emphasize informal human relationships rather than contractual ones such as supervision relationships.Although theories from Western countries are directly applied in Japan, they are naturally unsuitable to the Japanese culture. Therefore, it is necessary to continue seeking methods for increasing supervision, depending on the welfare services.

著者

廣瀬淳子

出版者

国立国会図書館

雑誌

外国の立法 : 立法情報・翻訳・解説 (ISSN:13492071)

巻号頁・発行日

no.237, 2008-09

著者

武田 浩一

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.5, pp.212-218, 2018-05-01 (Released:2018-05-01)

著者

海軍省 訳

出版者

海軍省

巻号頁・発行日

vol.上巻, 1880

著者

神 信人

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, pp.190-198, 1997-03-31 (Released:2016-12-06)

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study is to test a new hypothesis for the group identity effects in social dilemmas, the effect that common group membership promotes cooperation. According to the proposed hypothesis, people prefer to cooperate with ingroup members because they expect reciprocal responses from ingroup, but not from outgroup members. In other words, people are considered to expect generalized reciprocity to exist within groups but not beyond group boundaries. Based on this hypothesis, it was predicted that the previously observed group identity effect-subjects facing a prisoner's dilemma cooperate more with an ingroup member than with an outgroup member-exists only when the partner shares the membership information. When the partner does not know that the subject shares the same group membership, group identity effect is predicted not to emerge. Result of an experiment with 78 subjects clearly supported this prediction and rejected alternative hypotheses based on psychological distance(Krammer & Brewer, 1984), social identity (Billig & Tajfel, 1973), and ingroup stereotype (Brewer, 1978).

著者

寺井 滋 森田 康裕 山岸 俊男

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.172-179, 2003-03-31 (Released:2017-01-07)

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Two experiments using the "Prisoner's Dilemma with Variable Dependence" with a total of 70 subjects are reported. The cooperation rate was extremely high (95.1%) while the game was being repeated, but only half of the subjects cooperated in the final game. This suggests that cooperation in ongoing relations is supported by the "shadow of the future" (Axelrod, 1984). Nonetheless, most subjects trusted a partner who had behaved cooperatively toward them in the repeated games (i.e., under an incentive structure that encouraged such behavior), even in the final game, in which such an incentive basis was absent. This result indicates that the subjects failed to distinguish the two bases of expecting benign behavior from interaction partners-trust based on the inferred personal traits of the partner and assurance of cooperation based on the nature of the incentive structure.