著者

Mizuki Yamada Shunsuke Tanaka Tatsuya Miyazaki Mitsuhiro Aida

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.37-42, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-03-25)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

4

---

During embryogenesis of eudicots, the apical region of the embryo develops two cotyledon primordia and the shoot meristem. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this process is dependent on the functionally redundant activities of the CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) transcription factors, namely CUC1, CUC2, and CUC3, as well as the phytohormone auxin. However, the relationship between the CUC proteins and auxin has yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, we examined whether the expression of auxin biosynthetic genes is dependent on CUC gene activities. Comprehensive quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the main auxin biosynthetic gene families of TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1/TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED and YUCCA (YUC) showed that YUC1 and YUC4 expression levels were lower in cuc double mutant embryos than the expression levels of these genes in wild type embryos. Reporter analysis also revealed that the expression of YUC1 and YUC4 in the cotyledon boundary region was reduced in cuc double mutant embryos. In contrast, the loss of function mutation in the SHOOT MERISTEMLESS gene, a shoot stem cell regulator that acts downstream of the CUC genes, did not markedly affect YUC1 expression levels. These results demonstrate that CUC genes play an important role in the regulation of auxin biosynthetic gene expression during embryogenesis; furthermore, they raise the possibility that the auxin produced by this regulation contributes to cotyledon boundary development.

著者

Yuuki Sakai Takumi Higaki Kimitsune Ishizaki Ryuichi Nishihama Takayuki Kohchi Seiichiro Hasezawa

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.5-12, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-03-25)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 2

---

The development of the plant body starts with spore germination in bryophytes. In many cases, the first division of the spore occurs after germination and cell elongation of the spore. In Marchantia polymorpha, asymmetric division occurs upon spore germination to generate two daughter cells: the larger one retains the ability to divide and develops into the thallus via sporeling or protonema, while the smaller one maintains tip growth and differentiates into the first rhizoid, providing a scaffold for initial development. Although spore germination of M. polymorpha was described in the 19th century, the intracellular processes of the first asymmetric division of the spore have not been well characterized. In this study, we used live-cell imaging analyses to elucidate microtubule dynamics during the first asymmetric division concomitantly with germination. In particular, we demonstrated that the preprophase band was not formed in the spore and that the bipolar prospindle, which is a microtubule structure surrounding the nucleus during prophase, migrated from the center to the periphery in the spore, suggesting that it was the earliest visible sign of cell polarity. We also showed that the occurrence of asymmetric division depended on actin filaments. Our findings regarding the first division of the spore in M. polymorpha will lead to a better model for cell-autonomous asymmetric division in plants.

著者

Akihiko Hiroguchi Kohei Nakamura Tomomichi Fujita

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.13-17, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-03-25)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

1 2

---

Multicellular organisms regulate cell numbers and cell fate by using asymmetric cell division (ACD) and symmetric cell division (SCD) during their development and to adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions. A stem cell self-renews and generates differentiated cells. In plants, various types of cells are produced by ACD or SCD; however, the molecular mechanisms of ACD or SCD and the cell division mode switch are largely unknown. The moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens is a suitable model to study plant stem cells due to its simple anatomy. Here, we report the cell division mode switch induced by abscisic acid (ABA) in P. patens. ABA is synthesized in response to abiotic stresses and induces round-shape cells, called brood cells, from cylindrical protonemal cells. Although two daughter cells with distinct sizes were produced by ACD in a protonemal stem cell on ABA-free media, the sizes of two daughter cells became similar with ABA treatment. Actin microfilaments were spatially localized on the apices of apical stem cells in protonemata on ABA-free media, but the polar accumulation was lost under the condition of ABA treatment. Moreover, ABA treatment conferred an identical cell fate to the daughter cells in terms of cell division activity. Collectively, the results indicate ABA may suppress the ACD characteristics but evoke SCD in cells. We also noticed that ABA-induced brood cells not only self-renewed but regenerated protonemal cells when ABA was removed from the media, suggesting that brood cells are novel stem cells that are induced by environmental signals in P. patens.

著者

吉水 広明 鈴木 智幸 辻田 義治

出版者

社団法人 繊維学会

雑誌

繊維学会誌 (ISSN:00379875)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.10, pp.P_498-P_503, 2004 (Released:2006-02-09)

被引用文献数

1 2

著者

東京毎夕新聞社 編

出版者

東京毎夕新聞社

巻号頁・発行日

1929

著者

深野 和裕

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会

雑誌

化学と教育 (ISSN:03862151)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.8, pp.396-399, 2014-08-20 (Released:2017-06-16)

---

スズは,周期表の14族の炭素族に属し,単体は銀白色のやわらかい金属で展性や延性があり,人間生活に古くから関わっている。たとえば,包装材としてスズ箔,鉄板にスズを塗布したブリキ,食器などに用いられている。合金の青銅は,紀元前より武器や美術品などに用いられてきた。同じ合金のハンダは鉛とのいろいろな配分で作られてきた。しかし,最近では,環境への影響を考えて,鉛フリーのものが開発されている。様々なものに利用されてはいるが,一番利用されているのは,なんといってもブリキである。ここでは,高校の授業の中で紹介されていることと人間生活とスズの関わりを含めて紹介する。

著者

岡山 理香

出版者

建築史学会

雑誌

建築史学 (ISSN:02892839)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.88-112, 2021 (Released:2022-04-27)

著者

西村 玲

出版者

日本仏教綜合研究学会

雑誌

日本仏教綜合研究 (ISSN:13484850)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.59-72, 2003-05-31 (Released:2017-11-06)

著者

塩田 誠

出版者

一般社団法人 日本調理科学会

雑誌

日本調理科学会誌 (ISSN:13411535)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.4, pp.229-239, 2015 (Released:2015-09-05)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

著者

中央気象台 編

出版者

中央気象台

巻号頁・発行日

1922

著者

渡辺静一 著

出版者

防長標本社

巻号頁・発行日

1915

著者

後藤喜間太 著

出版者

石英堂書房

巻号頁・発行日

1917

著者

田中 元浩

出版者

一般社団法人 日本考古学協会

雑誌

日本考古学 (ISSN:13408488)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.20, pp.47-73, 2005-10-20 (Released:2009-02-16)

参考文献数

61

---

本稿の目的は,畿内地域での古墳時代初頭土器群の成立と展開を把握し,そのうえで土器様式の構造や地域集団の抽出,地域集団間の関係の強弱を明らかにすることである。田中琢氏によって設定された庄内式土器は,当初考えられたような畿内地域通有の土器様式ではなく,その展開や分布に一定の偏在性が認められる。また資料の蓄積が一定程度に達した現在では,庄内式土器,布留式土器といった土器様式は単純な様相を示すものではなく,甕形土器・精製器種に複数の系統が存在することが指摘されつつある。以上の視点をもとに本稿では,畿内地域における古墳時代初頭前後に出現する庄内甕・布留甕・精製器種各群といった製作技術を共有する土器群の展開を,共通する時期の構成比率によって検討した。こうした分析の結果からは,新たに出現する庄内甕・精製器種B群といった土器群は中河内地域の中田遺跡群でその成立をみるとともに,その後の展開については中河内地域と,纒向遺跡を中心とする大和東南部,摂津・北山城・南山城地域に存在する拠点集落同士の交流をもとに,各地域へ展開していくことが明らかとなった。一方布留甕の成立については,各地域の庄内甕・精製器種B群の展開の中心となった集落において複数の分布の拠点が認められる。また細部の形状や技法等の検討からは,各集落での布留甕には型式的な差異が認められ,こうした違いは前段階の在地での庄内甕製作基盤の有無と山陰地域からの技術的影響の強弱が関係している。古墳時代初頭土器群の土器様式の構造については,庄内甕・布留甕・精製器種B群といった各土器群が胎土・展開時期・分布において各地域で複雑なあり方を示す。また,分布する庄内甕の特徴によって分布圏が形成され,さらに分布圏の内部で土器群の展開にみられる拠点集落とその周辺集落との間には,構成比率に中心―周辺関係が形成され多様な範囲や集落間関係が存在することが明らかとなった。

著者

後藤 みの理 加納 政芳 加藤 昇平 國立 勉 伊藤 英則

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.55-62, 2006 (Released:2006-01-06)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

7 11

---

We think that psychological interaction is necessary for smooth communication between robots and people. One way to psychologically interact with others is through facial expressions. Facial expressions are very important for communication because they show true emotions and feelings. The ``Ifbot'' robot communicates with people by considering its own ``emotions''. Ifbot has many facial expressions to communicate enjoyment. We developed a method for generating facial expressions based on human subjective judgements mapping Ifbot's facial expressions to its emotions. We first created Ifbot's emotional space to map its facial expressions. We applied a five-layer auto-associative neural network to the space. We then subjectively evaluated the emotional space and created emotional regions based on the results. We generated emotive facial expressions using the emotional regions.

著者

福西 一浩 石川 亮

出版者

一般社団法人 日本歯内療法学会

雑誌

日本歯内療法学会雑誌 (ISSN:13478672)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.31-36, 2019 (Released:2019-02-15)

参考文献数

8

---

Abstract : In 1972, Simon et al. classified endo-perio lesions into five patterns based on etiology. However, just the concept was presented, without details directly leading to treatment strategies. Here, we report the case of a 36-year-old male with furcation lesion. Although the lesion was preoperatively diagnosed to have been caused by periodontal disease, it was considered that endodontic lesions were intricately involved based on the treatment process and results. The involved tooth was a double-rooted tooth. The electric pulp test result was positive, but the tooth had both vital and non-vital root canals which made diagnosis difficult before surgery. Additionally, the spread of periodontal lesions to the lateral branches of non-vital root canals complicated the situation. This case highlights that endo-perio lesions cannot always be accurately diagnosed before surgery, but reviewing the treatment results and continual evaluation of the etiology would help improve the success rate of treatment.

著者

諏訪史談会編

出版者

郷土出版社

巻号頁・発行日

1996

著者

仲丸 英起

出版者

史学研究会 (京都大学大学院文学研究科内)

雑誌

史林 (ISSN:03869369)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.6, pp.838-870, 2015-11

---

本稿は、準男爵位を通じて近世イングランド社会における名誉と称号の意義を再検討するものである。一六一一年、王権は財源不足の解消を目的として男爵位とナイト位の間に準男爵位を設置し、その販売を開始した。従来の研究では、初期スチュアート朝期におけるこうした爵位の販売ないし過剰な供給が、名誉の価値を低下させると同時に、社会階層間の移動を容易にしたと論じられてきた。本稿ではこの点を実証的に探求するため、準男爵位被授与者全体の社会層、およびケント・ノーフォーク両州における同称号被授与者の州内における地位を総体的に検討した。その結果、準男爵位を授与された家系の社会層は、たしかに全般的には低下傾向を示していた。その一方で、称号を保有する意味について地域的な差異が存在し、また称号の獲得は従来想定されたほどには社会階層間の流動性を促進していなかったという状況も判明したのである。In 1611, James I created the order of the baronet. However, the gentry shunned this honour from its initiation up to the Restoration. What was the reason for this? By investigating the process by which a baronetcy was established and the social strata of its purchasers, this paper re-examines the significance of titles for political society in early modern England. While some historians such as J. Aylmer and J. Brewer have studied offices sold by monarchs, there have been few studies focusing on the titles of honour. L. Stone's The Crisis of the Aristocracy, 1558-1641 is the only authoritative study on this subject. He argues that the rapid increase in conferring titles by James I and Charles I diminished their prestige and this inflation of honour helped promote social mobility. This book was written to refute the thesis by H. Trever-Roper, who criticized R.H. Tawney's idea of 'the rise of the gentry'. Later, it was shown that there were serious faults in the assumptions of both sides in the 'gentry controversy', and the dispute ended without a clear resolution. However, consideration of social strata during this period has not lost their significance. This paper will critically review Stone's assertion, focusing on the baronetcy. Since his succession to the English throne, James suffered from a lack of funds. Baronetcies were originally introduced and began to be sold to make up the deficit, but the official stated aim of this policy was to contribute to promoting the plantation of Ulster. At first, the King and his councillors intended to set the maximum number of titles at 200 to prevent their deterioration in value. However, in the 1620s, this promise was broken and peerages also began to be sold. Moreover, the original scheme of a direct cash payment of £1095 to the Exchequer was abandoned, and the virtual authority to make baronetcies was granted to courtiers to be resold. As a result, the actual lowest selling price for this title fell to about £200. We first must inquire how this downward trend in prices affected the social strata of the purchasers. The results of a survey using the Complete Baronetage edited by G.E. Cokayne shows that the social estates of families that purchased baronetcies overall began to decline. On establishment of the order, the chief purchasers were holders of knighthoods, but this trend gradually shifted to esquires. While a large proportion of early purchasers were already MPs before acquiring the title, many of those acquiring a title from 1615 to 1624 were elected MPs afterwards, and few of those who obtained one from 1626 to 1630 got parliamentary seats at some point in their lives. How did the depreciation of this title affect local communities? To examine this problem, we take up two counties, Kent and Norfolk, and investigate herald visitations and a preceding topographical survey. The result shows that although in the 1620s the status of families who were granted a title dropped according to the fall in the title's value, there was not a great social gulf between the purchasers in 1610s and those in the 1620s. The acquisition of the baronetcy enhanced mobility to a certain extent within these social strata, but it should not be imagined that acquiring a baronetcy gave esquires, let alone yeomen, a great opportunity to achieve advancement in social rank. Still, it is necessary to consider regional variations in the influence of obtaining a baronetcy. In Kent, where the conflicts among families of the gentry rarely occurred in the later 16th century, the pressure to acquire a baronetcy did not increase. On the other hand, in Norfolk, where prominent families had been struggling for power since the 1570s, more applicants aspired to the honour. This survey seems to show that situations peculiar to each region had an influence on the extent to which the social and political value of baronetcy decreased. Even if these regional differences are considered, it can be confirmed that an inflation of honour occurred on the whole. However, we cannot affirm whether this comprehensively accelerated social mobility. In the early modern period, the easier it was to obtain titles, the lower their usefulness was as a means to achieve social promotion. As a result, the inflation of honour did not necessarily give lower-status gentry a great chance to rise to a higher social position. In the long run, the establishment of a baronetcy might even have enhanced the control of the landed gentry by increasing the number of title-holders.

著者

奥野 明子 Akiko OKUNO

出版者

甲南大学経営学会

雑誌

甲南経営研究 = Konan business review (ISSN:04524152)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.105-131, 2016-12-30

著者

青木 達也

出版者

公益社団法人 土木学会

雑誌

土木学会論文集D3(土木計画学) (ISSN:21856540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.5, pp.I_331-I_344, 2017 (Released:2017-12-27)

参考文献数

16

---

本研究は足尾銅山の通洞地区にある選鉱所について,明治から大正前期の時代までの変遷と関連遺構を明らかにしようとするものである.既往の二次史料に加えて,このたび実施した史料調査によって得られた一次史料の内容を考証した結果,これまで明らかとなっていなかった通洞選鉱所の創業年代や移転年代およびそれらの位置のほか,有越索道,新梨子竪坑,新梨子斜坑,足尾鉄道との関係も明らかにすることができた.さらにこの知見に基づき遺構の残存状況を調査した結果,施設が存在していた箇所を推定するとともに残存状況を把握することができた.本研究で纏められた成果が今後の詳細調査へと引き継がれれば,これまで困難とされていた通洞選鉱所の産業遺産としての価値づけが可能になる.

著者

孫 詩彧

出版者

北海道大学

巻号頁・発行日

2020-06-30

---

149p