著者

田村 雲供

出版者

同志社大学

雑誌

社会科学 (ISSN:04196759)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, pp.1-30, 2007

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第一次世界大戦後のドイツ・ヴァイマル共和国では、開放は同時に消費指向性をもたらした。まず「性」の解放が進む。これは産児制限への欲求となって「性相談所」の設立をうながす。1919年から1932年までに400件以上の相談所ができ、そのうちのほぼ400件がベルリーンに集中していた。20年末には最高潮となる。フェミニスト、ヘレーネ・シュテッカーは精力的に相談所設立にかかわり、「性の民主化」をおしすすめた。しかし、1926年以降には公営の「結婚相談所」が設けられ、その方針は社会ダーウィン主義的な選別的断種においていた。「性科学」と「優生学」への両極化へのプロセスがはじまる。しかし、ナチズムはすべての成果を破壊する。

著者

中須賀 常雄

出版者

琉球大学

雑誌

琉球大学農学部学術報告 (ISSN:03704246)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.413-519, 1979-12-11

被引用文献数

7

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マングローブ林は熱帯および亜熱帯の海岸および河口の泥土上に生育する特殊な群落である。本群落は日本では九州本島南端の鹿児島県を北限とし, 南下するにつれて発達し, 南限の西表島で最も発達した群落を形成している。本論文ではこれまでほとんど明らかにされていなかった日本各地の大小のマングローブ分布地の確認, 分布状況の調査をおこない, 更に方形区調査も合せておこなった。即ち, 九州本島, 種子島, 屋久島, 奄美大島, 沖縄本島, 久米島, 宮古島, 伊良部島, 石垣島, 小浜島および西表島の各島において生育地を確認し, 各生育地では生育樹種およびその生育状況(胸高および根元直径, 樹高, 生殖器官の有無)および生育面積について調査した。次に種子島, 屋久島, 奄美大島, 沖縄本島, 石垣島および西表島の各生育地に合計73箇の調査区を設定し, マングローブ林の林分構造を明らかにした。また, これらの調査区において生立木の平面的個体分布の解析をおこない, 更にこの結果よりマングローブ林の成立および発達過程について考察をおこなった。現存量に関する調査は沖縄本島のメヒルギ林と石垣島のオヒルギ林およびヤエヤマヒルギ林において層別刈取法を使って現存量測定をおこない, これら林分の現存量および生産構造について解明した。以上のマングローブ林の分布状況と林分構造およびその成立, 発達過程, 現存量についての調査研究は総合的な観点からの解析, 考察より次のようにまとめられた。1.日本に分布するマングローブ構成種はメヒルギ, オヒルギ, ヤエヤマヒルギ, ヒルギダマシ, ヒルギモドキ, マヤプシギ, ニツパヤシの7種である。2.日本におけるマングローブ分布地は九州本島に3箇所, 種子島に4箇所, 屋久島に1箇所, 奄美大島に3箇所, 沖縄本島に34箇所, 久米島に1箇所, 宮古島に5箇所, 伊良部島に2箇所, 石垣島に30箇所, 小浜島に1箇所および西表島に24箇所, 合計108箇所である。なお, この他に南大東島に1箇所マングローブ分布地がある。3.日本のマングローブ生育北限地は鹿児島県川辺郡大浦町である。これは世界的にみても分布北限にあたる。各マングローブ種の自生北限はメヒルギが種子島西之表市湊, オヒルギが奄美大島住用村, ヤエヤマヒルギが沖縄本島東村, ヒルギモドキが沖縄本島金武村, ヒルギダマシが宮古島平良市島尻, マヤプシギが八重山群島の小浜島である。ニッパヤシが西表島の船浦である。4.日本における各マングローブ種の生育地を北から南へみてゆくと, 九州本島, 種子島および屋久島にはメヒルギのみ, 奄美大島にはメヒルギとオヒルギ, 沖縄本島にはメヒルギ, オヒルギ, ヤエヤマヒルギ, ヒルギモドキの4種, 宮古島にはメヒルギ, オヒルギ, ヤエヤマヒルギ, ヒルギダマシの4種, 石垣島にはメヒルギ, オヒルギ, ヤエヤマヒルギ, ヒルギダマシ, ヒルギモドキの5種, 西表島には上記5種にマヤプシギとニッパヤシを加えた7種が分布している。沖縄本島以北の生育地ではメヒルギが優占し石垣島と小浜島および西表島ではオヒルギが優占している。宮古島と伊良部島はその中間に位置し, 特に優占する種は認められない。従って, 日本のマングローブ林は九州本島, 種子島, 屋久島, 奄美大島, 沖縄本島および久米島がメヒルギ優占地域, 石垣島と小浜島, および西表島がオヒルギ優占地域という2つの地域に区分される。また, マングローブ林は林床に他の植生を有せず, 既に述べたマングローブ種のみから成りたっている。5.メヒルギおよびオヒルギはその生育個所から樹形の違いを加えて異なる型に区分された。メヒルギではメヒルギI型は海側前面および流路側林縁に生育するもので矮生で前縁型とした。メヒルギII型はメヒルギI型とメヒルギIII型との中間の生育個所を占め, 中間的樹形を示し中間型である。メヒルギIII型は最も内陸側に生育するもので樹高の高いもので内陸型である。オヒルギはマングローブ林において普通最も内陸側に生育することが認められたが, 海岸側前面に生育する矮生のものも生育している。前者は内陸型, 後者は前縁型と区分された。6.マングローブ林は上層を占める主要種から種々の林分型に区分される。メヒルギ優占地域のマングローブ林は1)メヒルギI型2)メヒルギII型3)メヒルギIII型4)メヒルギ・オヒルギ型5)メヒルギ・(オヒルギ)型6)オヒルギ・(メヒルギ)型7)オヒルギ型8)ヤエヤマヒルギ型の8林分型に区分された。また, 同様にオヒルギ優占地域のマングローブ林は1)オヒルギ型2)ヤエヤマヒルギ型3)ヤエヤマヒルギ・オヒルギ型4)メヒルギ型5)マヤプシギ型6)ヒルギダマシ型の6林分型に区分された。7マングローブ林において構成種のすみわけが海岸または流路から内陸へ向って認められた。メヒルギ優占地域ではヤエヤマヒルギ・ヒルギモドキ⟶メヒルギ・オヒルギの順である。前述のメヒルギ区分ではメヒルギはメヒルギI型⟶メヒルギII型⟶メヒ

著者

仲田 公輔

出版者

西洋史研究会

雑誌

西洋史研究 (ISSN:03869288)

巻号頁・発行日

no.50, pp.30-52, 2021

著者

角南 聡一郎

出版者

日本遺跡学会

雑誌

遺跡学研究 : 日本遺跡学会誌 (ISSN:13494031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.18, pp.3-14, 2021

著者

山﨑 好裕 Yamazaki Yoshihiro

出版者

福岡大学研究推進部

雑誌

福岡大学経済学論叢 = Fukuoka University review of economics (ISSN:02852772)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.25-35, 2021-09

著者

後藤 彩月

出版者

筑紫女学園大学日本語日本文学科

雑誌

筑紫語文 (ISSN:09197826)

巻号頁・発行日

no.30, pp.1-19, 2021-11

著者

小馬 徹

出版者

神奈川大学人文学会

雑誌

人文研究 (ISSN:02877074)

巻号頁・発行日

no.204, pp.63-109, 2021

著者

有馬 卓也

出版者

九州中國學會

雑誌

九州中國學會報 = Studies in Chinese language, literature and philosophy (ISSN:02886464)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, pp.1-15, 2021

著者

宮永 孝

出版者

法政大学社会学部学会

雑誌

社会志林 = Hosei journal of sociology and social sciences (ISSN:13445952)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.1-73, 2021-03

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Japan closed the doors to the world for many centuries during which the Japanese were not allowed to leave the country. If they sailed for other countries, they would have been punished with death. However, when the Tokugawa goverment lost its power in its closing days, Choshu and Satsuma clans sent students by stealth to England to learn Western culture. 14 the Satsuma youths with superiors at the Kagoshima Kaiseijo (i.e. school for Western learning) left Hashima (羽島) harbour for HongKong on board the ship owned by Glover, the Scottish merchant in Nagasaki, on 17 April 1865.The students arrived in London on 21 June 1865 after leaving Hashima about two months before. The went into "South Kensington Hotel" located at Queen's Gate Terrace 19 at a pound (i.e. about 3 ryo) per person per day. The next day the party moved to an apartment house on Bayswater Road to take special training in English by hiring 3 teachers. The names of the English teachers are not known well, but one was named Barugh?, a Scot, and the others were proved to be Thomas Graham (1805~65), a retired Prof. of Chemistry at London, University College and a former Prof. of Political Economy, Jacob Waley, at the same college. They rented the entire sixth floor for about three months hiring a live-in teacher (i.e. Barugh) and a maid.The Satsuma students got up before 7 and had breakfast at 9. The English lessons (i.e. reading and conversation) were from 10 to 5. During recess, they saw the sights of London. But due to financial straits and in preparation for matriculation in the University College, the students were relocated, by pairs, to the private homes of professors of the University College. Mori and Takami were placed with a retired Prof. Thomas Graham of University College, residing at 4 Gordon Square, Bloomsbury, London.At the coming of the Michaelmas term, 14 the Satsuma students were admitted, under false names, to the faculty of Arts and Laws at University College. They were in reality irregular students. In regard to the lectures they attended, they took Analytical Chemistry by Prof. A. W. Williamson. The Students paid for the schooling £15. 15 per person, which amounted to some 300 ryo in Japanese currency, nowadays 30 million yen. They seemed to prefer chemical experiments to taking lectures due to the lack of English knowledge. The other possible subjects they took were unknown because many of the records of the University College were destroyed by air strikes during World War II.The booklet 'Mori Arinori' written by Kaimon Sanjin (i.e. 海門山人著『森 有礼』) which was published by Minyusha, in June in the 30th year of Meiji (i.e. 1897) tells about the subjects the Satsuma students studied in London. It says they studied history, chemistry, physics, and mathematics. Especially. Kinnojo (i.e. Mori) made remarkable progress in mathematics, covering simple arithmetic to spherical trigometry in two years. The author admires Mori's great ability though, we are unable to trace quotations to their original sources.On 23, August, "George and Emily" finally arrived at Kronstadt after leaving Tynemouth 16 days before. Mori and Takami watched the forts and the floating batteries with gneat curiosity and later visited the town. On the following day the Satsuma students proceeded to St. Petersburg accompanied by skipper Sample and checked into the "Hôtel de France", where they met a rich English merchant named Morgan. After that they visited the museum of Mining Academy by the side of the Neva.At about 7 P.M, they found out the lodgings of the Bakufu students meeting 6 of them. After exchanging good wishes, they were introduced to Kōsai Tachibana (1820~85, alias 'Yamatofu'), a former villain and fugitive from Japan, who worked as a translator in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with a yearly salary of 500 roubles. This was a man with a past. He never disclosed his real name but seemed kindly-looking.On 25, August, Mori and Takami were invited to dinner by the Bakufu students and were entertained with 'Sobakiri' (i.e. buckwheat noodles). The next day they were invited to the villa of Sir Andrew Buchanan (1807~82, British ambassador-extraordinary to Russia) and were accorded a warm welcome. On 27, August, they were given a warm reception at Fosif A. Goshkevitchs, the former Hakodate Consul and his son, both of whom had good knowledge of Japanese. The next day they visited the American "Turret Ship", 'the most powerful warship in the world'.On 29, August, Mori and Takami visited the Imperial Winter Palace accompanied by Yamatofu. The following day they visited Peterhof under the guidance of Yamatofu viewing "Marly", a small two-storied house built in 1714 by Peter the Great, "Hermitage", a small house built by the same Emperor, and the "Palace of Peterhof" as well. In the forenoon of 31, August, Yamatofu introduced Mori and Takami to the Chief of Asean Affairs, Peter Stremohof, exchanging portraits and in the afternoon of the same day, they visited the villa of Mr.Morgan, where they met Admiral and Mme. Putiatin.On 1st, September, they visited the "Summer Garden", which was laid out in 1712 in the Franco-Dutch style and forms a long rectanguler about 37 acres in area and later trying to view the Small Palace of Peter the Great (i.e. a two-storied building erected in 1711 as a 'Summer Palace') in vain because the keeper was taking a nap.The next day Mori and Takami invited the Bakufu students and Goshkevitch and his son to dinner for gratitude, when Mori and Sakuzaemon Yamanouchi (1836~86, late in life, the owner of a pharmacy) exchanged a farewell poem of their own writing. On 3, September, the Satsuma students left Kronstadt for Kingston upon Hull on board a regular liner. The name of the ship remains unknown though, probably it was the most popular Hull boat named 'Emperor' (i.e. paddle-steamer) plying between Hull and Kronstadt in the 1800's.After voyaging 7 days, they arrived in Hull at about 3 P.M. on 10, September. Directly after landing they headed for London, arriving at King's Cross Station at about 10:30 P.M. with the feeling of having come home to their own country.Mori's observations on Kronstadt and St. Petersburg.Arrving at Kronstadt, Mori noticed in and around Kotlin island there were many merchant ships, naval vessels, forts (i.e. '墩' ton), and floating batteries (i.e. '礟門' houmon). Kotlin seemed to him 'a natural stronghold'. Actually the island worked as an outpost for the Capital, Russia. It is located some 20 kilometers west of St. Petersburg. The Russian Capital was not easy to apporoach by big ships because of the shallows in the Gulf of Finland. Small ships had to use fixed sea routes. People on the Kotlin and in the Capital used the saltless water in the Gulf, so cholera epidemic prevailed. The population of Kotlin was 37000 (some 25000 were on garrison duty).What Mori and Takami viewed in the town of Kotlin were : the Admiralty, Observatory, the bust of the Peter the Great, Summer Garden, lookout platform, messhall, and resting place for the Royal Family etc. In winter the island is frozen over, the ships navigate 3 searoutes breaking the ice. When summer comes, the island recovers consciousness becoming active.The most useful informant for Mori respecting the things in St. Petersburg was Kōsai Tachibana, alias Yamatofu, from whom Mori obtained valuable information on the whole condition of the country (i.e. history, geography, manners and customs, trade, the national character, and the states of armaments etc). Mori knew well that Russia was not a strong nation but a weak one albeit had most land in the world. He knew also that it was an absolute monarchy with territorial ambitions.Since its expansionism was known to all, Mori abstained from fishing any information on it for fear of spies. He was amazed at seeing a great number of soldiers in the Capital. The number of soldiers in Russia was the reason for being disliked by other nations. In Mori's view, Russians were devote believer in religion, however, he was informed that two social evils were thriving in Russia : one was claiming a fortune and the other was illicit intercourses with women. People were tainted by immoral deeds.He discovered that this country was behind the other advanced nations in terms of military affairs, medicine, and sciences. But he thought that by ruling wisely, the reforms of Czar Alexander II would reclaim the country from savagery. Mori noticed also that Russians were honest, gentle, and unpolished on the whole. Despite his great interest in politics in Russia, he refrained from gaining information on it. Because the laws and politics in this country were so harsh that he followed kind advice before leaving England.

著者

渡部 千春 小島 利之

出版者

東京造形大学

雑誌

東京造形大学研究報 = Journal of Tokyo Zokei University (ISSN:13456849)

巻号頁・発行日

no.22, pp.5-255, 2021-03-31

著者

岩尾 佳郎

出版者

熊本大学

雑誌

熊本地学会誌 (ISSN:03891631)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.143, pp.2-10, 2006-11-26

著者

橋本 明日香

出版者

人間・環境学研究科総合人間学部図書館

雑誌

バベルの図書館 : 総合人間学部図書館報

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.25-27, 2005-03

著者

柳澤 賢仁

出版者

日本税務研究センタ-

雑誌

税研 (ISSN:09119078)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.89-97, 2007-09

著者

菊池 秀明

出版者

学習院大学

雑誌

東洋文化研究 (ISSN:13449850)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.137-171, 2008-03

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This article aims to clarify the social background of Hong Xiuquan's defeat and his founding of Shandijiao through the influence of Christianity.(1)Hong Xiuquan failed the civil service examination (科挙)in 1833, and he seemed to take notice of the mysterious death of Li Taijiao(李泰交), who was the proctor of the examination in Guangdong Province.(2)The vision of Hong Xiuquan was not an isolated phenomenon;its model was a story from Guangdong.(3)R. Morrison'spublication of the Christian pamphlet was disclosed in 1835, and Hong Xiuquan must have acquired the Quαnshi liαngrVαn(『勧世 良言』)in 1833.(4)The Datong(大同)utopia had great influence among Chinese intellectuals, and the Jin Mingguan's(金銘館) proposal to revive the ancient regime had much in common with Hong's claim in his books.(5)The Datong utopia tended to deny that the"self"(「私心」)was the cause of social conflict, and Hong Xiuquan did not agree with the anti-alien movement because he regarded it as an expression of the self.(6)The permission of the Christian mission by the Qing(清)government was an expression of its traditionaI policy to contain a foreign country (England) by pleasing other countries(France and the United States), but the Qing government prohibited the mission beyond the concession.(7)Strictly speaking, the activities of I. J, Roberts, who was the teacher of Hong Xiuquan, were illegal, and it is very lucky for the history of the Taiping rebellion that Feng Yunshan(鵜雲山)received only a light punishment in 1848 following the case of the Catholic missionary.

著者

小澤 寛樹

出版者

日本評論社

雑誌

こころの科学 (ISSN:09120734)

巻号頁・発行日

no.123, pp.2-5, 2005-09

著者

遠藤 正敬

出版者

早稻田大學政治經濟學會

雑誌

早稻田政治經濟學雑誌 (ISSN:02877007)

巻号頁・発行日

no.376, pp.51-71, 2009-12

著者

田淵 俊彦

出版者

文教大学

雑誌

文教大学国際学部紀要 = Journal of the Faculty of International Studies, Bunkyo University (ISSN:09173072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.51-73, 2021-07

著者

野口 陽来 松井 利樹 小森 成貴 橋本 隼一 橋本 剛

雑誌

ゲームプログラミングワークショップ2007論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2007, no.12, pp.144-147, 2007-11-09

著者

石村 広明 田里 千代

出版者

天理大学

雑誌

天理大学学報 (ISSN:03874311)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.3, pp.61-74, 2017-02

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High school baseball has given us many dreams and inspirations in our country. However, it also holds many problems, and one is the issue of corporal punishment. The purpose of this research is to make comparisons with religious culture, which enforces corporal punishment and acceptance. An interview was held with 12 high school baseball related-persons with experience. 5 cultural elements were found as a result of the interview. They are the unsociable environment, the absolute pecking order, rational interpretation, the pursuit of victory and compromise and recognizing anew of the corporal punishment and the group mentality. These 5 elements are also functioning as a cultural device. In this composition, I would like to link these elements to a discovery of an educational way to eradicate the use of the cane.

著者

影山 日好梨

出版者

熊本女子大學国文研究部 ; [1955]-

雑誌

國文研究 (ISSN:09148345)

巻号頁・発行日

no.66, pp.21-39, 2021-10