著者
加藤 陽 Kato Akira カトウ アキラ
出版者
大阪大学大学院国際公共政策研究科
雑誌
国際公共政策研究 (ISSN:13428101)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.2, pp.121-134, 2012-03

Recently, much attention has been placed on Article 103 of the UN Charter, which provides for the Charter's supremacy. After the Cold War, the UN Security Council has on many occasions invoked Article 103, by which obligations to implement sanctions prevail over other international agreements. However, that article contains a number of uncertainties in its legal structure. Against such a background, this paper seeks to clarify some of the main uncertainties. Part (1) of the paper discusses the codification process of Article 103 and examines the legal meaning of "prevail".
著者
加藤 陽 Kato Akira カトウ アキラ
出版者
大阪大学大学院国際公共政策研究科
雑誌
国際公共政策研究 (ISSN:13428101)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.1, pp.87-100, 2012-09

Recently, much attention has been placed on Article 103 of the UN Charter, which provides for the Charter's supremacy. After the Cold War, the UN Security Council has on many occasions invoked Article 103, by which obligations to implement sanctions prevail over other international agreements. However, that article contains a number of uncertainties in its legal structure. Following the analysis of Part (1) of the paper, Part (2) discusses over which rules the UN Charter prevails and examines the characteristics of the legal structure of Article 103.
著者
加藤 道也 カトウ ミチヤ Michiya KATO
雑誌
大阪産業大学経済論集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.2, pp.153-189, 2011-02

YOSHIMURA Gentaro was a colonial bureaucrat who served at the Home Office, the Cabinet Legislation Bureau, and the Japanese Government-General of Kwantung Leased Territory from 1899 to 1914. From 1917, he was engaged in the Colonial Bureau and published two reports on Egypt: Egyptian Problems (1921) and Irish and Egyptian Problems (1922). In these reports, he criticized fundamentally the British rule in Egypt because the British policy in Egypt, based on the paternalistic view, failed to handle the independence movement by the Egyptian people. Although YOSHIMURA criticized the British rule in Egypt, it does not necessarily mean that he was critical with the imperialism itself. Rather he believed that Japan should take more leadership in Asia in order to protect Asia from `unfair intervention' by the Western Powers. His views on the colonial rule, in my opinion, were in line with the colonial policy adopted by the Japanese government at the time.
著者
加藤 道也 カトウ ミチヤ Michiya KATO
雑誌
大阪産業大学経済論集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.1, pp.37-60, 2007-10

In the interwar years, Japan shared a concern common to many Western industrialized nations to seek balance of payments and employment stability on the basis of a gold standard system at the pre-war parity. In order to do so, governments introduced a mild deflationary policy but only to be suffered from stagnation of economy and employment. After Japan returned to the gold standard in 1930, exchange rate began to rise and it threatened a decrease of export level. Domestic demand declined and job losses spread to the chemical and heavy industries and to the mining industry. But with the government determined to continue fiscal and monetary restriction, merely awaiting a recovery from depression, both firms and farms lost their trading strength and unemployment grew. The combination of the Manchurian Incident and the Britain's decision to abandon the gold standard convinced Japan that maintaining the pre-war gold par was impossible and in December 1931, the Japanese gold standard was abandoned. After 1932, military expenditure was increased and it effected on employment of the skilled workers. But the improvement of employment was limited to the casual workers as the relatively poor recovery of agricultural production reversed the shock absorber effect of the agricultural sector pushing casual workers into industrial cities.
著者
加藤 幸信 カトウ ユキノブ Yukinobu Kato
雑誌
宮崎県立看護大学研究紀要 = Journal of Miyazaki Prefectural Nursing University
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, no.1, pp.6-17, 2005-03

人権思想の確立にあたっては,ジョン・ロックやジャン・ジャック・ルソーといった哲学者が大きく貢献した。しかし,彼らの基盤となる自然法思想は,社会的存在である人間を個人に還元してしまうものであり,当時の社会的状況に対するアンチ・テーゼの面が強いと言える。したがって,その時代的社会における大きな有効性を有した反面,理論的には必ずしも正しいとは言えないのである。人権論の基盤となるべきものは,彼らよりも,むしろドイツの哲学者ヘーゲルに存在する。ヘーゲルはかつて国家主義者として語られることが多く,人権と結びつけて説かれることは少なかった。しかし,彼の説いたことを理論的に読み返せばそうではないことがわかる。彼は,観念論者であり,精神の本質を自由だとして『歴史哲学』において,世界史は自由の意識の発展だと説いた。これは,人間の本質は自由だということである。ここに我々は人権論の基盤を求めることができる。ただ,ヘーゲルは東洋の世界から歴史を説き,ルソーやヘーゲルに先行するドイツの哲学者カントが説こうとした人類の原始状態,人類の起源に関しては説いていない。この点を補い,唯物論の立場から読み返せば,ヘーゲルの理論は人権論の基盤となりうるものである。
著者
瀧澤 俊也 成田 紘一 渡邉 一弘 阿部 秀樹 加藤 正 タキザワ トシヤ ナリタ コウイチ ワタナベ カズヒロ アベ ヒデキ カトウ タダシ Toshiya TAKIZAWA Koichi NARITA Kazuhiro WATANABE Hideki ABE Tadashi KATOH
雑誌
東北薬科大学研究誌
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, pp.33-47, 2007-12

Spiruchostatin A (1), isolated from a culture broth of Pseudomonas sp., has been shown to be a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. HDAC inhibitors can suppress the growth of human tumor xenografts, this natural product, therefore, is expected to be a promising candidate for novel molecular-targeted anticancer agents. We envisioned that 1 would be synthesized through twofold macrolactam/macrolactone cyclization of the fully elaborated acyclic disulfide 2. The key segments 3 and 4, required for the preparation of the advanced key intermediate 2, were initially synthesized, and the two segments were subsequently subjected to the critical cross S-S coupling reaction to produce the desired key intermediate 11 (synthetically equivalent to 2). Upon deprotection of the N-Boc and the methyl ester groups in 11, the crucial cyclization formation was achieved using PyBOP to provide the desired macrolactam 16, a potential key precursor for 1. Further investigations concerning the transformation of 16 to the target molecule 1 were also described.