著者

作道 信介 北村 光二 太田 至 曽我 亨 羽渕 一代 辻本 昌弘

出版者

弘前大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2004

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カクマ難民キャンプ設置の住民側の影響は以下のとおり。1)カクマ周辺住民の治療環境の多元化:キャンプの病院・診療所への依存が高まり医学用語の定着がみられる。同時に流入する人びとを患者とする外来の治療者-マッサージ師、薬売り、音楽治療者、移動治療者-が流入してきた。近年、医療と民間治療の棲み分けが明確化してきている。2)「糞肛門」の出現:干ばつ以来の食生活の変化はトゥルカナの主食をミルクからトウモロコシへ変わった。それにあわせて、身体の不調を干ばつによる食生活の変化に帰する新しい病気、「糞肛門」があらわれた。この病気を治療するマッサージ師の多くが干ばつなどによって追われてきた人びとであることがみいだされた。3)トゥルカナと難民との交流:(1)贈り物の交換による友情、(2)婚姻関係があった。トゥルカナは対人関係において、他者をそこにいて代替不能な"あなた"の位置に置こうとする。それが難民との関係形成に重要な働きをしていた。4)携帯電話の普及:それによると、携帯は牧畜民の既存の人間関係を固定化、強化する反面、対面場面での関係形成の柔軟性を損なう可能性があることが示唆された。牧畜民への携帯普及はまだまだであるが、近代化における牧畜民的自己の変容というテーマが浮上した。

著者

北村 光二

出版者

日本アフリカ学会

雑誌

アフリカ研究 (ISSN:00654140)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, no.68, pp.93-95, 2006-03-31 (Released:2010-04-30)

被引用文献数

1

著者

北村 光二

出版者

Japan Association for African Studies

雑誌

アフリカ研究 (ISSN:00654140)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1996, no.48, pp.19-34, 1996-03-31 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

24

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In anthropological studies of Africa, hunter-gatherer societies are commonly thought of as being egalitarian. This paper, however, opposes such understanding and regards such as related to the nostalgia held by those who recognize inequality in modern society. This paper reinterprets the so-called egalitarian society by examining the social life of the San, huntergatherers of the Kalahari desert, doing so by considering the evolution of cognition, thought and communication as originating in monkeys and continuing through to modern man.In this evolutional transition from monkeys to man, it is assumed that two of the more important changes in social life concerned the reduction in the significance of dominant-subordinate relationship, and the emergence of food sharing. Among the San, the former is evident in diminishing forms of both dominant arrogance and subordinate self-restraint. With increasing individual independence, reaching agreement with another in a symmetrical role arrangement becomes an increasing important aspect of communication. One voluntarily and adaptively conducts interactions on grounds justified by eventual mutual agreement with the other.With regard to the latter issue, the San, believing it proper, share foods as well as other things of daily use. The formation of an “ownership” concept is important for the emergence of sharing. Any interest in a desired object is mediated by mutual cognition that the object belongs to the “owner” and others are inhibited from direct access to it. Given such a cognitively based indirect relation with an object, one tries to realize agreement with the other's desire by means of sharing that object. As such an action is named “sharing”, it becomes a definite category of social conduct based on social reality, which ultimately gener ates an ideology directing people to share.So-called “egalitarianism” is an ideology held by those who think that a bulwark against egoism, the selfishness of individuals, is needed. Egoism, however, is not a true character of humans, nor of animals. Egoism, and by virtue of contrast, egalitarianism, are ideologies not formulated until the emergence of modern society.

著者

北村 光二

出版者

日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.109-120, 2008-12-20 (Released:2009-08-11)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper aims to consider why the sphere of social phenomena is significant in the study of primates, including humans, and what aspects of the phenomena we should focus on in order to understand its significance. Although the process of making relations with others may easily become undecided, it may not be retained. We humans cope with such undecidability by paying attention to the motivation of activity easily shared by participants, or adequate readiness for regulating each other's interaction. This does not mean that the social sphere is independent of other spheres, but these characters are common to the activities of making relations with the natural environment for surviving. The social sphere should be placed in the larger range of phenomena produced by the activities of making relations with the outer world in general. An individual animal tries to decide his act of making relation with an object depending on the meaning of the object, while he tries to identify the meaning depending on his act of making relation with the object. Here, the undecidable circle is formed. The same situation is found in the case of making relations with others. That is to say, one tries to decide his act to the other depending on the other's act while the latter decides his act depending on the former's act, so that the undecidable circle is also formed here. The undecidability in the process of making relations with objects is usually perfectly hidden. However, the other's selection in the process of making relation with the object is always apparent in the social sphere. The other not only makes the undecidability apparent by making a different selection from my own, but also teaches a new way of coping with it by sharing the motivation with him or regulating the process of interaction with him.

著者

北村 光二

出版者

Primate Society of Japan

雑誌

霊長類研究 = Primate research (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.109-120, 2008-12-20

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper aims to consider why the sphere of social phenomena is significant in the study of primates, including humans, and what aspects of the phenomena we should focus on in order to understand its significance. Although the process of making relations with others may easily become undecided, it may not be retained. We humans cope with such undecidability by paying attention to the motivation of activity easily shared by participants, or adequate readiness for regulating each other's interaction. This does not mean that the social sphere is independent of other spheres, but these characters are common to the activities of making relations with the natural environment for surviving. The social sphere should be placed in the larger range of phenomena produced by the activities of making relations with the outer world in general. An individual animal tries to decide his act of making relation with an object depending on the meaning of the object, while he tries to identify the meaning depending on his act of making relation with the object. Here, the undecidable circle is formed. The same situation is found in the case of making relations with others. That is to say, one tries to decide his act to the other depending on the other's act while the latter decides his act depending on the former's act, so that the undecidable circle is also formed here. The undecidability in the process of making relations with objects is usually perfectly hidden. However, the other's selection in the process of making relation with the object is always apparent in the social sphere. The other not only makes the undecidability apparent by making a different selection from my own, but also teaches a new way of coping with it by sharing the motivation with him or regulating the process of interaction with him.

著者

藤井 和佐 西村 雄郎 〓 理恵子 田中 里美 杉本 久未子 室井 研二 片岡 佳美 家中 茂 澁谷 美紀 佐藤 洋子 片岡 佳美 宮本 結佳 奥井 亜紗子 平井 順 黒宮 亜希子 大竹 晴佳 二階堂 裕子 中山 ちなみ 魁生 由美子 横田 尚俊 佐藤 洋子 難波 孝志 柏尾 珠紀 田村 雅夫 北村 光二 北川 博史 中谷 文美 高野 宏 小林 孝行 高野 宏 白石 絢也 周藤 辰也 塚本 遼平 町 聡志 佐々木 さつみ

出版者

岡山大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2010

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研究課題に関する聞きとり調査、質問紙調査等から、地方社会における構造的格差を埋める可能性につながる主な条件として(1)地域住民の多様化の推進及び受容(2)生業基盤の維持(3)定住につながる「地域に対する誇り」が明らかとなった。過疎化・高齢化が、直線的に地域社会の衰退を招くわけではない。農林漁業といった生業基盤とムラ社会の開放性が住民に幸福感をもたらし、多様な生活者を地域社会に埋め込んでいくのである。

著者

太田 至 内海 成治 佐藤 俊 北村 光二 作道 信介 河合 香吏 内海 成治 佐藤 俊 北村 光二 作道 信介 河合 香吏 曽我 亨 湖中 真哉 内藤 直樹 孫 暁剛 中村 香子 波佐間 逸博 佐川 徹 白石 壮一郎

出版者

京都大学

雑誌

基盤研究(A)

巻号頁・発行日

2007

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本研究の目的は、第一に、アフリカの乾燥地域に分布する牧畜社会の人々が歴史的に培ってきた知識や技術、社会関係や文化など(「ローカル・プラクティス(LP)」)を再評価すること、第二には、この社会の開発=発展のためにLP を活用する道を探究することである。東アフリカの4カ国、12民族について現地調査を実施し、人々がLPに基づきながら激動する生態・社会環境に対処している様態を解明し、LPが開発=発展に対してもつ潜在力を総合的に再評価し、それを援用する道に関する考察を深めた。