著者

野寺 綾 唐沢 かおり 沼崎 誠 高林 久美子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.195-201, 2007

---

The purpose of this study is to examine the promoting effect of a fear of death on the activation of gender role stereotypes. Terror management theory proposes that when mortality is salient, people heighten the tendency to support their cultural worldview. Since stereotypes are considered to represent cultural worldview, a fear of death should increase the responses consistent with the stereotype. In this study, the activation of stereotypes regarding gender roles (e.g., "Housekeeping is a job for women.") was measured with an Implicit Association Test (IAT). Participants were 48 male undergraduate and graduate students. The results showed that the participants who completed the questionnaire implying mortality had a larger IAT effect than those who completed the questionnaire unrelated to mortality, and that death-related anxiety led to the activation of gender role stereotypes. It is claimed that terror management theory has theoretical value for studies on stereotype activation, as well as a function in justifying a system such as gender role in stereotype activation.

著者

白岩 祐子 宮本 聡介 唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.109-117, 2012-01-31 (Released:2017-02-22)

---

Previous studies on attribution judgments concerning crime victims have commonly used the term "responsibility" to measure the negative implications regarding victims. However, responsibility is a concept that should be placed upon offenders, not victims. Victims have frequently been judged negatively, but the use of "responsibility" potentially inhibits the accurate understanding of such negative implications. Additionally, in judicial practice, "responsibility" is basically a term attributed to offenders. We therefore observed a certain shortcoming in the current research framework attributing responsibility to victims. Through judicial decisions and interviews with victims, we derived other labels supposedly containing negative victim judgments ("carelessness" and "fault") , and, together with the label "responsibility," considered whether people evaluate the victims using such labels. Moreover, to confirm whether these labels point to qualitatively distinct concepts, we examined their relationships with causal attribution. The results revealed that respondents rated the victim significantly lower on responsibility than the other negative labels, and we also found different prognostic factors for the labels. The implications of the study were discussed.

著者

白岩 祐子 唐沢 かおり

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.25-34, 2018 (Released:2018-07-02)

被引用文献数

1

---

Previous studies have revealed that the bereaved family of crime are deeply hurt by judicial dissection. In order to control the psychological stress, they tend to adopt a strategy to focus on procedural problems in judicial dissection and propose measures for improvement. However, the present study, in which we collected detailed narratives from a member of traffic accident bereaved family with an interview method, suggested that the dissection itself is extremely strong damage to the bereaved family, and that introduction of another inspection method to investigate the cause of death replacing dissection is necessary. Based on the analysis of the interview, we proposed a new method called Ai (autopsy imaging) and discussed the benefits.

著者

白岩 祐子 栗本 真奈 唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.49-57, 2020-11-30 (Released:2020-11-30)

参考文献数

32

---

The items left by the deceased are often referred to as inherited items, of which those of particular importance are sometimes called mementos. In this study, to examine our predictions that some of the meaning bereaved families find in mementos are related to their continuing bonds with the deceased, we asked 250 adult men and women who had experienced the deaths of people important to them to cooperate in a questionnaire. It was shown that a memento mainly contains four meanings: 1) substance/functionality, 2) emotional/relationship-oriented, 3) respect for the will, and 4) symbolic of loss. Of these, 2) emotional/relationship-oriented and 3) respect for the will are positively related to the continuing bonds. These suggest that the meaning a bereaved family finds in a memento may be a rough indication of the progress of mourning.

著者

田戸岡 好香 樋口 収 唐沢 かおり

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.16039, (Released:2018-03-10)

参考文献数

26

---

This study investigated the consequences of suppressing negative thoughts about the food products. Consumers are still concerned about food safety after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Given that attempting to suppress stereotypical thoughts ironically leads to increased stereotype accessibility and use (rebound effect), this may be one of the reasons for continued concern. Participants were asked to describe their impressions about food coming from the disaster area. Half were instructed to suppress any negative impressions in their descriptions, whereas the other half did not receive this instruction. Participants then rated another food product from the same area. The results indicated that among participants with a low perceived vulnerability to disease, the group that was asked to suppress any negative thoughts rated the food more negatively than participants in the control group. However, among participants with a high perceived vulnerability to disease, there was no difference between the two groups because their negative impressions were likely readily accessible. We discuss the necessity of investigating a resolution for reputational damage in terms of suppression.

著者

竹橋 洋毅 唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.50-57, 2008

---

Guided by the regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1997), this study examined the effects of goal framing on the subjective feeling of affect and the automatic processing of affective information. After the manipulation of goal framing (promotion focus vs. prevention focus), 32 participants were asked to indicate their affective state and to engage in a modified Stroop task. Results indicated that goal framing did not influence subjective feeling but influenced the speed of color naming in the Stroop task; participants in the prevention condition responded more slowly toward loss-related words (quiescence and agitation) than gain-related words (cheerfulness and dejection), whereas participants in the promotion condition responded toward gain-related words as slowly as toward loss-related words. These results suggest that goal framing heightens the activation of particular affective representations and the activations influence performance on a Stroop task automatically. The effects of automatic processing of affective information on subjective feeling and the process of self-regulation are discussed.

著者

大髙 瑞郁 唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.89-100, 2015-11-30 (Released:2015-12-17)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2

---

Factors other than frequency of involvement probably determine emerging adults’ attitudes toward their fathers. However, factors that affect these attitudes have not yet been revealed. Therefore, this study focuses on children’s perceptions of perspective taking from their fathers and blame for negative behaviors by their fathers, and verifies whether these factors determine children’s attitudes toward their fathers. We conducted a panel survey of 501 Japanese undergraduate students. Data were collected in two waves over approximately two months to establish the causal relationships between the above-mentioned variables. Results indicated that in case of sons, the more positively they perceive their fathers’ behaviors, the more positive their attitudes become toward their fathers. Implications for father-son relationships, compared with father-daughter and mother-child relationships, are discussed.

著者

唐沢 かおり 三谷 信広

出版者

日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会

雑誌

実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.158-166, 2006 (Released:2006-12-28)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2 2

---

本研究は有利な立場にいる人たちの不公平さの認知が他集団に対しての支援的態度に与える影響を,責任帰属と罪悪感の媒介的役割に着目して検討した。データは仮想世界ゲーム(SIMINSOC)の参加者124人がゲーム前半終了時に回答した質問紙から得た。仮想世界ゲームは2つの豊かな地域と2つの貧しい地域から構成されており,貧しい地域に所属する参加者がゲーム内で生存するためには豊かな地域からのサポートを得ることが重要である。豊かな地域に所属した参加者からのデータをパス解析により分析した結果,不公平さの認知が,貧しい地域の苦境に対して自分たちの地域が責任を持つという認知につながり,罪悪感を喚起した。さらに,罪悪感が友好的な関係志向につながり,そのような関係志向が支援的態度を高めた。考察では,罪悪感が実際の相互作用を伴う状況でより重要な役割を果たす可能性や,罪悪感の起源を視野に入れた研究の必要性を議論した。

著者

清水 佑輔 岡田 謙介 唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会

雑誌

実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2008, (Released:2021-02-07)

参考文献数

44

---

ギャンブラーには,一般的にギャンブル依存者(以下,依存者と略す)とギャンブル愛好家(以下,愛好家と略す)が存在する。ギャンブラーに対して少なからず否定的な態度が存在し,そのために依存者が周囲に助けを求めにくくなっていることが指摘されている。この問題に対して,愛好家に対する相対的に肯定的な態度を利用すれば,ギャンブラーというカテゴリー全体に対する否定的な態度を軽減できる可能性がある。また,否定的な態度を測定するうえで,社会的望ましさ傾向の影響を考慮する必要があるが,ギャンブラーに対する顕在的態度のみが測定されることが多く,潜在的態度の検討が十分に行われていない。そこで本研究では大学生の参加者にシナリオ実験を行い,依存者,愛好家のシナリオを読みサブカテゴリーの存在が顕現化したとき,ギャンブラー全体に対する潜在的態度が変化するか否か検討した。その結果,サブカテゴリーとしての愛好家を強調することで,ギャンブラーに対する潜在的態度を肯定化できる可能性が示された。依存者に対する否定的な態度を考える上で,一般的に見落とされがちな愛好家の存在を顕現化するという方略は,今後,依存者に対する態度変容を促す心理学的研究に応用できると考える。

著者

橋本 剛明 唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会

雑誌

実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, pp.104-117, 2011 (Released:2012-03-24)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

6

---

本研究は,侵害者が行う謝罪に対して,実際の被害者と,被害の観察者とが異なる反応を示すという傾向を検討した。特に,謝罪によってもたらされる「許し」の動機づけと,さらにその規定因となる責任帰属や情緒的共感といった変数に注目し,被害者と観察者の謝罪に対する反応の差異を検討した。大学生136名に対して,被害者/観察者の視点を操作した被害場面シナリオ,及び侵害者による自発性を操作した謝罪シナリオを段階的に提示し,各段階で侵害者への反応を測定した。その結果,「許し」の動機づけに関しては,視点と謝罪タイプの交互作用が見られ,非自発的な謝罪は,観察者のみに対して「許し」の促進効果を持っていた。さらに,謝罪が「許し」を規定する媒介過程においても,視点間の非対称性が示された。観察者においては,謝罪は責任判断と情緒的共感の両者の変数と介して「許し」を規定していたのに対して,被害者においては,情緒共感のみがそのような役割を担っていた。以上の結果から,対人葛藤場面においては,その被害者と観察者の判断を動機づける要因が異なることが示唆される。

著者

渡辺 匠 唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会

雑誌

実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.25-34, 2012 (Released:2012-10-25)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1

---

本研究は存在脅威管理理論の観点から,死の顕現性が自己と内集団の概念連合に与える影響について検証をおこなった。存在脅威管理理論では,死の顕現性が高まると文化的世界観の防衛反応が生じると仮定している。これらの仮定にもとづき,人々は死の脅威にさらされると,自己と内集団の概念連合を強めるかどうかを調べた。死の顕現性は質問紙を通じて操作し,内集団との概念連合は反応時間パラダイムをもちいて測定した。その結果,死の脅威が喚起された参加者は,自己概念と内集団概念で一致した特性語に対する判断時間が一致していない特性語よりも速くなることが明らかになった。その一方,死の脅威が喚起されても,自己概念と外集団概念で一致した特性語に対する判断時間は一致していない特性語よりも速くはならないことが示された。これらの結果は,死の顕現性が高まると,自己と内集団の概念連合が強化されることを示唆している。考察では,自己と内集団の概念連合と存在脅威管理プロセスとの関係性について議論した。

著者

竹橋 洋毅 唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会

雑誌

実験社会心理学研究 (ISSN:03877973)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.117-127, 2010 (Released:2010-08-19)

参考文献数

32

---

本研究は,時系列的な観点から,集団内でのコミュニケーション,集団同一視,共有的認知の知覚の関係性について検討することを目的とした。データは,仮想世界ゲーム(SIMINSOC)の参加者269人が3度にわたって回答した質問紙から得た。共分散構造分析の結果,集団内でのコミュニケーションは集団同一視を増加させ,それが共有的認知を高めることが示された。また,コミュニケーションにより形成された集団同一視は,その後のコミュニケーションを促進させていた。これらの結果は,コミュニケーションと集団同一視が他方を高め,それが強固な共有的認知の形成に寄与するという再帰的な強化関係の存在を示唆している。最後に,この強化関係が協力行動や意思決定の集団極化などの集団過程にどのような影響を及ぼすのかについて議論した。

著者

白岩 祐子 小林 麻衣子 唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本犯罪心理学会

雑誌

犯罪心理学研究 (ISSN:00177547)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.105-116, 2018-08-27 (Released:2018-09-19)

参考文献数

23

---

本研究は2000年に始まった意見陳述制度と2008年に始まった被害者参加制度に着目し,両制度を実際に行使した犯罪被害者遺族がこれらの制度をどのように評価し,またその意義や問題点をどのように理解しているのかを検討した。交通事犯や殺人などの遺族97名から協力を得て制度に対する評価を求めたほか,「制度の意義」「制度の問題点」「行使するとき留意した点」につき自由記述を求めた。その結果,両制度はいずれも遺族から高く評価されており,とくに「心情・意見を直接被告人や裁判官に伝えられる」「思考や気持ちの整理ができる」点が肯定的な制度評価につながっていること,逆に,「自分の話を被告人や裁判官がどのように受け止めたか分からない」「専門家や経験者による支援があればよかった」という点が否定的な制度評価につながっていることが明らかになった。

著者

白岩 祐子 唐沢 かおり

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.25-30, 2017 (Released:2017-06-30)

---

Lay person (Juror and citizen judge) have been assumed to decide emotionally rather than rationally, especially in the face of the victim's statements. The previous study, though, does not have support fort this assumption: juror decision making is not always influenced by victim's statements. This study examined the individual sentencing process in a mock trial situation that both Japanese citizen judge system and victim participation system were applied. In particular, the sentencing decision process was examined in terms of vision of the judiciary with a high regard for rational nature. Study1 that 95 undergraduate students participated in revealed that the view of criminal trial which lay weight on rational nature led to lenient sentencing to the defendant. Study 2 (N = 390) shows that the sentencing process noted above result from the motivation to be a "rational judge". Namely, so-called "emotional non-professional" lay person have values of rational nature-oriented to the criminal trial, and they are motivated to decide rationally not emotionally as they confront victim's statements, resulting make the lenient sentencing contrary to the victim's plea. Suggestions for unconformity of previous research and social implications were discussed.

著者

福本 都 苫米地 飛 橋本 剛明 唐沢 かおり

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.73-80, 2017 (Released:2017-06-30)

---

Existing research have investigated the effects of free will belief on aggressive behaviours. So far, studies have shown that when people's free will belief is denied, their motivation of self-control decreases, thereby increasing aggressive behaviours. An alternative and inconsistent account is that people who have strong belief in free will attributes the other party's attack to the actor's intention, which lead them to take revenge. Given that aggressions practically occur within a social interaction, the present study examined the relationship between free will belief and aggression in a social interactive situation. We hypothesized that people who have high free will belief will behave more aggressively when they are attacked by another individual. Based on a sample of 45 undergraduates, we measured free will beliefs and trait aggression as an individual-difference variable. We employed a modification of the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm in order to measure participants' aggressive behaviours. As a result, the effects of fatal determinism - a subscale of free will - were found significant. Specifically, when participants were unattacked by their interactive partner, those with low fatal determinism belief behaved less aggressively. Incurring no attack from the partner, participants may have experienced higher responsibility for taking aggressive actions themselves. Under such circumstance, having a low fatal determinism belief, and thus regarding their behaviour as undetermined by nature, may have further increased their sense of responsibility, consequently decreasing aggression. In contrast, when participants were attacked by their partner, aggressive behaviours increased on the whole relative to the non-attacked condition; receiving an attack may have simply provoked participants' motivation to revenge. This study highly suggests the relationship between fatal determinism belief and aggression in social interaction situations, offering a ground for future investigations including parameters to further explain the relationship.

著者

唐沢 かおり 大高 瑞郁 竹内 真純

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.178-187, 2010

---

This study examined the determinants of the attitude toward public policy to support the unemployed elderly and middle-aged persons from the attributional perspective. A structural equation analysis of the survey data from 864 citizens revealed results mostly in accord with the attributional studies of support provision. That is, a negative impression of unemployed persons and a conservative political attitude led to the attribution of unemployment to personal causes, although the effect of the political attitude was weak. Moreover, the attribution to personal causes increased anger toward the unemployed persons, whereas the attribution to societal causes increased sympathy and approval for public policy to support those unemployed. The discussion also considered the role of anger in the attributional model of support provision and the structure of the causal perception of unemployment.

著者

豊沢 純子 唐沢 かおり 戸田山 和久

出版者

科学技術社会論学会

雑誌

科学技術社会論研究 (ISSN:13475843)

巻号頁・発行日

no.8, pp.151-168, 2011-04

著者

具志堅 伸隆 唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.48-57, 2004

---

This study examined the effect of cognitive resources on inhibition of the mood-congruent effect to reveal the automaticity of the process proposed by the mood-as-information theory. One-hundred and fifty-three participants made judgments either under positive or negative mood. The amount of cognitive resources was also manipulated by restricting time for judgment. Results showed that, only when cognitive resources were not restricted, the mood-congruent effect was inhibited through attribution toward the origin of the mood. Therefore, these results suggest that the mood states serve as information for judgments rather automatically, while cognitive effort is required to inhibit an application of mood to judgments. The discussion considered the adaptive significance of saving cognitive resources by automatically applying mood to judgment.

著者

ターン 有加里ジェシカ 村田 光二 唐沢 かおり

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.77-82, 2018 (Released:2018-12-21)

---

There are a considerable number of cases reported that an ex-convict's children are negatively perceived even though they themselves have not committed a crime. However, there are few quantitative researches and reasons for the negative perception have not been discussed well. This study hypothesized that the negative perception is associative stigma, and a reason for the stigma is genetic essentialism. Associative stigma is the tendency to being stigmatized or devalued based on his or her association with a stigmatized person. Genetic essentialism is the tendency to ascribe genes as a fixed and underlying nature to members of a category. An experiment was conducted, where all the participants were shown two separated vignettes of a middle-aged man who was a murderer, and of a boy who slapped his classmate. Also, the participants were given a minimum amount of information about the relationships between the two protagonists; they were randomly divided into three conditions, Child-by-blood condition (CBB), Child-by-adoption condition (CBA), and Unrelated condition (URL). If the hypothesis is supported, the boy would be perceived negatively most by CBB and least by URL. The results showed that while the boy was perceived more negatively by CBB than by URL when the perception of the middle-aged man, the murderer, was controlled, there was no such difference between CBA and URL. Although there was no difference between CBB and CBA, which contradicts with the hypothesis that genetic essentialism is a reason for the stigma, considering that there was a significant difference only between CBB and URL and not between CBA and URL, there is the possibility of the existence of genetic essentialism.

著者

唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.172-179, 2006-11-30 (Released:2017-02-08)

被引用文献数

4

---

This study explored the determinants of intent of primary caregivers to continue taking care of elderly family members. The exploration was guided by two previous lines of study, one arguing the additive effect of positive and negative aspects of caregiving, and the other arguing the effect of attitude towards family caregiving. Four hundred and forty-five family caregivers answered questions relating to depression, caregiving intent, attitude towards family caregiving, and positive and negative aspects of caregiving. Structural equation modeling revealed that attitude to wards family caregiving increased both depression and intent to continue family caregiving. It is argued that when constructing a support system for family caregivers one must consider the possibility of family members being trapped by their attitude towards family care.