著者

Themistoklis Katsimichas Tomohito Ohtani Daisuke Motooka Yasumasa Tsukamoto Hidetaka Kioka Kei Nakamoto Shozo Konishi Misato Chimura Kaoruko Sengoku Hiroshi Miyawaki Taiki Sakaguchi Ryu Okumura Konstantinos Theofilis Tetsuya Iida Kiyoshi Takeda Shota Nakamura Yasushi Sakata

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-17-1285, (Released:2018-03-30)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

40

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Background:Research suggests that heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a state of systemic inflammation that may be triggered by microbial products passing into the bloodstream through a compromised intestinal barrier. However, whether the intestinal microbiota exhibits dysbiosis in HFrEF patients is largely unknown.Methods and Results:Twenty eight non-ischemic HFrEF patients and 19 healthy controls were assessed by 16S rRNA analysis of bacterial DNA extracted from stool samples. After processing of sequencing data, bacteria were taxonomically classified, diversity indices were used to examine microbial ecology, and relative abundances of common core genera were compared between groups. Furthermore, we predicted gene carriage for bacterial metabolic pathways and inferred microbial interaction networks on multiple taxonomic levels.Bacterial communities of both groups were dominated by the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla. The most abundant genus in both groups wasBacteroides. Although α diversity did not differ between groups, ordination by β diversity metrics revealed a separation of the groups across components of variation.StreptococcusandVeillonellawere enriched in the common core microbiota of patients, whileSMB53was depleted. Gene families in amino acid, carbohydrate, vitamin, and xenobiotic metabolism showed significant differences between groups. Interaction networks revealed a higher degree of correlations between bacteria in patients.Conclusions:Non-ischemic HFrEF patients exhibited multidimensional differences in intestinal microbial communities compared with healthy subjects.

著者

Tomioka Shinri Kondoh Tomohiko Sato-Okoshi Waka Ito Katsutoshi Kakui Keiichi Kajihara Hiroshi

雑誌

Zoological Science (ISSN:02890003)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.5, pp.545-554, 2016-10

被引用文献数

29

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Capitella teleta Blake et al., 2009 is an opportunistic capitellid originally described from Massachusetts (USA), but also reported from the Mediterranean, NW Atlantic, and North Pacific, including Japan. This putatively wide distribution had not been tested with DNA sequence data; intraspecific variation in morphological characters diagnostic for the species had not been assessed with specimens from non-type localities, and the species status of the Japanese population(s) was uncertain. We examined the morphology and mitochondrial COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) gene sequences of Capitella specimens from two localities (Ainan and Gamo) in Japan. Specimens from Ainan and Gamo differed from C. teleta from Massachusetts in methyl-green staining pattern, shape of the genital spines, and shape of the capillary chaetae; we concluded that these characters vary intraspecifically. Species delimitation analyses of COI sequences suggested that worms from Ainan and Massachusetts represent C. teleta; these populations share a COI haplotype. The specimens from Gamo may represent a distinct species and comprise a sister group to C. teleta s. str.; we refer to the Gamo population as Capitella aff. teleta. The average Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) distance between C. teleta s. str. and C. aff. teleta was 3.7%. The COI data indicate that C. teleta actually occurs in both the NW Atlantic and NW Pacific. Given the short planktonic larval duration of C. teleta, this broad distribution may have resulted from anthropogenic dispersal.

著者

Hiroshi Ueda

出版者

The Plankton Society of Japan, The Japanese Association of Benthology

雑誌

Plankton and Benthos Research (ISSN:18808247)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.1, pp.28-31, 2018-02-28 (Released:2018-03-14)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

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High-concentration pure glycerol has been used as a medium for permanent preservation of micro-crustacean specimens. However, glycerol-mounted permanent slide preparations are rare because of the difficulty in sealing the coverslip over the long term. I devised a glycerol-mounted permanent preparation method, especially for a small dissected piece of a micro-crustacean using a glass depression slide and a coverslip with secure sealing, in order to overcome some of the disadvantages of the popular permanent mountants that solidify, such as discoloration of specimens and difficulty in remounting. Unique characteristics of the preparation method are: (1) the central glycerol being of a few millimeters in diameter, which embeds the specimen and is retained in the depression center by a paraffin wax circle painted on the depression bottom; (2) the marginal glycerol, which fills up the clearance between the glass slide and the coverslip and prevents intrusion of the sealant into the clearance; (3) sealing with nail polish first and Canada balsam second, where the latter can seal securely over the long term and the former, being a fast-drying sealant, prevents intrusion of the latter into the marginal glycerol. By following this method, even a small dissected piece can be easily found under a microscope and taken out from the preparation for detailed examination with a low risk of going missing. The procedure to make the preparation is presented in detail.

著者

Yusuke Yamamoto Eiichiro Iwata Hideki Shigematsu Hiroshi Nakajima Masato Tanaka Akinori Okuda Yasuhiko Morimoto Keisuke Masuda Munehisa Koizumi Yasuhito Tanaka

出版者

The Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research

雑誌

Spine Surgery and Related Research (ISSN:2432261X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2017-0052, (Released:2018-02-28)

被引用文献数

6

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Introduction To identify the temporal comparison of biochemical markers for early detection of surgical site infection (SSI) following instrumented spinal fusion that are not affected by operative factors.Materials and methods We reviewed data on C-reactive protein level and total white blood cell count and differential count before instrumented spinal fusion and at 1, 4, and 7 days postoperatively. The 141 patients in our sample were divided into an SSI group (patients who developed deep SSI) and a non-SSI group. We investigated the peak or nadir value day and identified those not affected by operative circumstances (operating time, intraoperative blood loss, and number of fusion segments) in the non-SSI group. If there was a significant difference between the peak or nadir value day and the next survey day, we considered the temporal comparison between these unaffected markers as an indicator of SSI and examined the usefulness of these indicators by calculating sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, we investigated the usefulness of the combination of these markers (if even each one marker was recognized, we considered it positive).Results Four biochemical markers of SSI were selected: neutrophil percentage at postoperative day 4 more than day 1 (sensitivity 36%, specificity 95%), neutrophil count at postoperative day 4 more than day 1 (sensitivity 46%, specificity 93%), lymphocyte percentage at postoperative day 4 less than day 1 (sensitivity 36%, specificity 90%), and lymphocyte count at postoperative day 4 less than day 1 (sensitivity 36%, specificity 90%). The combination of these markers showed sensitivity 100%, specificity 80%, respectively.Conclusions Four markers are reliable indicators for early detection of SSI following spinal instrumented fusion because they are not affected by operative factor. The combination of each indicator had both high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, it is reliable and much useful for early detection of SSI.

著者

Kakui Keiichi Kajihara Hiroshi Kobayashi Norio

出版者

The Crustacean Society

雑誌

Journal of Crustacean Biology (ISSN:02780372)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.127-139, 2012-01

被引用文献数

10

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Lack of an ischium on pereiopods 1–6 was previously considered a synapomorphy for the tanaidacean superfamily Tanaoidea, although descriptions of Arctotanais alascensis (Richardson, 1899), the sole species in Arctotanais, indicated presence or absence of the ischium. To resolve this ambiguity, we examined newly collected specimens of A. alascensis (including males, which had not previously been described) from Hokkaido, Japan, using light and scanning electron microscopy. We also conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences of the 18S rRNA gene to examine the phylogenetic position of A. alascensis. Here we describe in detail the morphology of the male of A. alascensis, which proved to be similar to that of the females. This species bears an ischium on pereiopods 1–6, which contradicts the current diagnoses of Tanaoidea and Tanaidae, although other synapomorphies remain valid. Molecular phylogenetic analyses strongly supported the placement of A. alascensis in Tanaoidea, and consequently we amended the diagnoses for Tanaoidea and Tanaidae to include either presence or absence of the ischium on the pereiopods.

著者

YUTAKA KUNIMATSU HIROSHI TSUJIKAWA MASATO NAKATSUKASA DAISUKE SHIMIZU NAOMICHI OGIHARA YASUHIRO KIKUCHI YOSHIHIKO NAKANO TOMO TAKANO NAOKI MORIMOTO HIDEMI ISHIDA

出版者

The Anthropological Society of Nippon

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.125, no.2, pp.59-65, 2017 (Released:2017-09-21)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

2

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We here describe a prosimian specimen discovered from the early Middle Miocene (~15 Ma) of Nachola, northern Kenya. It is a right maxilla that preserves P4–M3, and is assigned to a new species of the Miocene lorisid genus Mioeuoticus. Previously, Mioeuoticus was known from the Early Miocene of East Africa. The Nachola specimen is therefore the first discovery of this genus from the Middle Miocene. The presence of a new lorisid species in the Nachola fauna indicates a forested paleoenvironment for this locality, consistent with previously known evidence including the abundance of large-bodied hominoid fossils (Nacholapithecus kerioi), the dominance of browsers among the herbivore fauna, and the presence of plenty of petrified wood.

著者

Lobna Alkebsi Yuki Ideno Jung-Su Lee Shosuke Suzuki Junko Nakajima-Shimada Hiroshi Ohnishi Yasunori Sato Kunihiko Hayashi

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.34-40, 2018-01-05 (Released:2018-01-05)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

7

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Background: Although several studies have shown that blood type O is associated with increased risk of peptic ulcer, few studies have investigated these associations in Japan. We sought to investigate the association between the ABO blood group and risk of gastroduodenal ulcers (GDU) using combined analysis of both retrospective and prospective data from a large cohort study of Japanese women, the Japan Nurses’ Health Study (JNHS; n = 15,019).Methods: The impact of the ABO blood group on GDU risk was examined using Cox regression analysis to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), with adjustment for potential confounders.Results: Compared with women with non-O blood types (A, B, and AB), women with blood type O had a significantly increased risk of GDU from birth (multivariable-adjusted HR 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04–1.34). Moreover, the highest cumulative incidence of GDU was observed in women born pre-1956 with blood type O. In a subgroup analysis stratified by birth year (pre-1956 or post-1955), the multivariable-adjusted HR of women with blood type O was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.00–1.49) and 1.15 (95% CI, 0.98–1.35) in the pre-1956 and post-1955 groups, respectively.Conclusion: In this large, combined, ambispective cohort study of Japanese women, older women with blood type O had a higher risk of developing GDU than those with other blood types.

著者

Maya KAMAO Yoshihisa HIROTA Yoshitomo SUHARA Naoko TSUGAWA Kimie NAKAGAWA Toshio OKANO Hiroshi HASEGAWA

出版者

The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry

雑誌

Analytical Sciences (ISSN:09106340)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.7, pp.863-867, 2017-07-10 (Released:2017-07-10)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

6

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This study aimed to develop a menadione (MD) determination method employing liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using a pseudo multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) technique, wherein two quadrupoles are used to monitor the same ion. Detection limits of 40 and 2 pg were obtained for MD and its deuterium-labeled form, respectively, whereas MD intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation values were determined as 5.4 – 8.2%, with the corresponding recoveries equaling 90.5 – 109.6%. The developed method enables determination of MD in urine, plasma, cell extract, and culture media, demonstrating that pseudo multiple reaction monitoring can achieve quantification of compounds forming no suitable product ions, such as MD.

著者

Tsutomu Odahara Masataka Irokawa Hiroshi Karasawa Shinya Matsuda

出版者

Japan Society for Occupational Health

雑誌

Journal of Occupational Health (ISSN:13419145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.5, pp.278-286, 2010 (Released:2010-10-07)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

3 7

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Objective: To assess the usefulness of the Laboratory of Physical Science (LOPS) protocol for detecting exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response as a risk factor for future hypertension when controlling for work and personal factors. Methods: Subjects were 815 healthy normotensive men (mean age, 43.1 ± 6.76 yr; range, 29-64 yr) who participated in the LOPS protocol, a graded 4-stage exercise test undertaken for the measurement of 40-70% of maximum oxygen consumption. A hypertensive response was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 250 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 120 mmHg during the exercise test. Results: New-onset hypertension or the initiation of antihypertensive drug treatment had occurred in 108 men (13.3%) after 7 yr of follow-up. Cox proportional survival analysis revealed significantly increased risks of developing hypertension were associated with exaggerated BP response to exercise (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-3.7) and higher frequency of business trips (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.5) after multivariable adjustments for work and personal-related risk factors. Conclusions: These results suggest that the LOPS protocol is effective for detecting exaggerated BP response as a risk factor for future hypertension when controlling for work and personal-related risk factors. Exaggerated BP response to exercise and higher frequency of business trips are risk factors for developing future hypertension.

著者

Tetsuro Akashi Ayano Muto Yayoi Takahashi Hiroshi Nishiyama

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.9, pp.1017-1027, 2017 (Released:2017-09-01)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

4

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Diarrhea often occurs during enteral nutrition. Recently, several reports showed that diarrhea improves by adding egg yolk lecithin, an emulsifier, in an enteral formula. Therefore, we evaluated if this combination could improve diarrhea outcomes. We retrospectively investigated the inhibitory effects on watery stools by replacing a polymeric fomula with that containing egg yolk lecithin. Then, we investigated the emulsion stability in vitro. Next, we examined the lipid absorption using different emulsifiers among bile duct-ligated rats and assessed whether egg yolk lecithin, medium-chain triglyceride, and dietary fiber can improve diarrhea outcomes in a rat model of short bowel syndrome. Stool consistency or frequency improved on the day after using the aforementioned combination in 13/14 patients. Average particle size of the egg yolk lecithin emulsifier did not change by adding artificial gastric juice, whereas that of soy lecithin and synthetic emulsifiers increased. Serum triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in the egg yolk lecithin group compared with the soybean lecithin and synthetic emulsifier groups in bile duct-ligated rats. In rats with short bowels, the fecal consistency was a significant looser the dietary fiber (+) group than the egg yolk lecithin (+) groups from day 6 of test meal feedings. The fecal consistency was also a significant looser the egg yolk lecithin (–) group than the egg yolk lecithin (+) groups from day 4 of test meal feeding. The fecal consistency was no significant difference between the medium-chain triglycerides (–) and egg yolk lecithin (+) groups. Enteral formula emulsified with egg yolk lecithin promotes lipid absorption by preventing the destruction of emulsified substances by gastric acid. This enteral formula improved diarrhea and should reduce the burden on patients and healthcare workers.

著者

佐藤 雅彦 浦野 弘 SATO Masahiko URANO Hiroshi

出版者

秋田大学教育文化学部附属教育実践研究支援センター

雑誌

秋田大学教育文化学部教育実践研究紀要 = BULLETIN OF THE CENTER FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND HUMAN STUDIES AKITA UNIVERSITY (ISSN:24328871)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.127-136, 2017-03-31

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神山(2006),大城・笹森(2011),佐々木・武田(2012)による既存の調査結果をもとに,通級指導教室および特別支援学級の教育課程編成の現状を調査した.その結果は,学校全体の教育課程の編成に関して加古(2006)が指摘している編成主体の偏り,その弊害と思われる教員の負担増加や孤立が,特別の教育課程の編成および個別の指導計画作成でも認められることを明らかにしている.さらに,特別支援教育担当教員が指摘する課題は,連携や情報交換・共有の不足に関連したものが多いこと,そしてそれらが通級指導教室と特別の教育課程による特別支援学級に共通して見られることを示している.

著者

Ken Okumura Hiroshi Inoue Hirotsugu Atarashi Takeshi Yamashita Hirofumi Tomita Hideki Origasa for the J-RHYTHM Registry Investigators.

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.7, pp.1593-1599, 2014 (Released:2014-06-25)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

32 83

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Background: Recent European guidelines recommended the CHA2DS2-VASc score for thromboembolic and the HAS-BLED score for bleeding risk stratifications. We validated these scores in 7,384 Japanese patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) enrolled in the J-RHYTHM Registry. Methods and Results: Of the study cohort, 6,387 patients taking warfarin and the other 997 not taking warfarin were prospectively examined for 2 years. Thromboembolic and major bleeding risks were stratified by modified CHA2DS2-VASc (mCHA2DS2-VASc) and HAS-BLED (mHAS-BLED) scores, respectively. Of the patients with mCHA2DS2-VASc score 0, 1, and ≥2, thromboembolism occurred in 2/141 (0.7%/year), 4/233 (0.9%/year), and 24/623 (1.9%/year), respectively, in the non-warfarin group, and in 1/346 (0.1%/year, P=0.19 vs. non-warfarin), 4/912 (0.2%/year, P=0.05), and 92/5,129 (0.9%/year, P=0.0005), respectively, in the warfarin group. When female sex was excluded from the score, thromboembolism occurred in 2/180 patients (0.6%/year), 5/245 (1.0%/year), and 23/572 (1.6%/year), respectively, in the non-warfarin group, and in 1/422 (0.1%/year, P=0.20 vs. non-warfarin), 5/1,096 (0.2%/year, P=0.02), and 91/4,869 (0.9%/year, P=0.0005), respectively, in the warfarin group. Patients with mHAS-BLED scores ≥3 were at high risk for major bleeding irrespective of warfarin treatment (1.3 and 2.6%/year in the non-warfarin and warfarin groups, respectively). Conclusions: In Japanese NVAF patients, the mCHA2DS2-VASc score is useful for identifying patients at truly low risk of thromboembolism. Female sex may be excluded as a risk from the score. mHAS-BLED score ≥3 is useful for identifying patients at high risk of major bleeding.  (Circ J 2014; 78: 1593–1599)

著者

Hisanori Tokuda Toshiaki Sueyasu Hiroshi Kawashima Hiroshi Shibata Yoshihiko Koga

出版者

公益社団法人 日本油化学会

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.7, pp.713-721, 2017 (Released:2017-07-01)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

5

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Although several studies have reported the effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation on the mood in healthy adults, the effects of LCPUFA on elderly individuals remain unclear. Thus, we hypothesized that LCPUFA supplementation improves mood in the elderly. To address this hypothesis, 115 elderly Japanese men aged 55-64 years were assigned and randomly allocated to the LCPUFA or placebo group. Participants received 4 weeks of supplementation with LCPUFA-containing oil (docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 300 mg/day, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 100 mg/day, arachidonic acid (ARA) 120 mg/day) or a placebo oil. Mood was assessed using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) before and after supplementation as the secondary outcome in a previously performed randomized controlled trial on cognitive function. A total of 113 participants completed the supplementation period. One hundred participants (LCPUFA, n = 51; placebo, n = 49) who were eligible for evaluation of mood were analyzed. Increases in vigor scores on POMS, reflecting a positive mood, were significantly larger in the LCPUFA group than in the placebo group (LCPUFA, +1.8; placebo, −0.5). No significant differences were observed in changes in other negative mood scores between groups. DHA and ARA content in plasma phospholipids were increased by 0.8% and 0.7%, respectively, in the LCPUFA group, and were significantly larger than those in the placebo group. Dietary DHA, EPA, and ARA intake was unchanged during the study. These results suggest that LCPUFA supplementation may improve vigor (positive mood) in elderly Japanese men.

著者

Akio Kodama Akio Koyama Masayuki Sugimoto Kiyoaki Niimi Hiroshi Banno Kimihiro Komori

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-17-0369, (Released:2017-08-23)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

36

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Background:Most patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) exhibit severe comorbidities accompanied by frailty. This study assessed and risk-stratified mortality after infrainguinal bypass (IB) in CLI and investigated the effects of frailty.Methods and Results:The study retrospectively reviewed 107 consecutive CLI patients who had undergone de novo IB due to atherosclerotic disease. Data regarding patient age, comorbidities, laboratory data, and functional status were collected; functional status was evaluated using the Barthel index (BI) and nutritional status was evaluated using albumin concentrations and body mass index (BMI). Mean (±SD) BI and BMI were 75±16 and 22±4 kg/m2, respectively. BI (hazard ratio [HR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–0.99, P=0.004), BMI (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.75–0.95, P=0.003), atrial fibrillation (AF; HR 5.31; 95% CI 2.12–13.30, P<0.001), and ejection fraction (EF; HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.91–0.98, P=0.003) were independent predictors of mortality. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on BI (BI >75, n=71; and BI <70, n=36). Survival after IB was significantly lower for the lower BI group (P<0.001, log-rank test). After propensity score matching, post-IB survival remained significantly lower in the lower BI group (P=0.02).Conclusions:BI, BMI, AF, and EF were independently associated with all-cause mortality after IB for CLI. BI and BMI may be useful in identifying and optimizing treatment for high-risk frail patients.

著者

Yasutsugu MIWA Asuka KUROSAWA Hiroyuki OGAWA Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA Hiroshi SASAI Nobuo SASAKI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.4, pp.397-402, 2009 (Released:2009-05-02)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

24 36

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The objective of this study was to collect epidemiological data on neoplasms in pet ferrets in Japan. A questionnaire to collect information was made available to Japanese veterinary practitioners through the web site of the Japanese Society of Exotic Pet Medicine. Completed questionnaires were returned from 29 practices, and 945 neoplasms met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Neoplasms were found in every organ system except the respiratory system; the endocrine (418; 44.2%), integumentary (196; 20.7%) and hemolymphatic (184; 19.5%) systems were most commonly affected. The most common tumor types were pancreatic islet cell tumor (211: 22.3%), adrenal gland tumor (207; 21.9%) and lymphoma (152; 16.1%). The age of the affected ferrets ranged from less than 3 months to more than 7 years of age. Tumor incidence was highest in ferrets between 4 and 6 years of age. No sex predilection was found. These results were similar to those recently published in North America. Most Japanese pet ferrets are imported from North America, and their husbandry including diets is similar to that in North America, which may explain the similar tendencies in the incidence of neoplasms in this study and those of findings in North America.

著者

Minoru Ijichi Gyo Itani Hiroshi Ueda

出版者

日本プランクトン学会、日本ベントス学会

雑誌

Plankton and Benthos Research (ISSN:18808247)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.3, pp.145-150, 2017-08-22 (Released:2017-08-24)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

4

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The life cycle and precopulatory mate guarding behavior of the poecilostomatoid copepod Goidelia japonica associated with the spoon worm Urechis unicinctus (Echiura) are described based on specimens from 19 worms collected from western Japan. A total of 676 copepods were collected from the host’s rectum (494 copepods) and body surface (182 copepods). Copepod numbers were significantly correlated with host weight. Copepods in the rectum consisted almost completely of copepodids (35%) and adult males (65%), with only one non-ovigerous adult female recorded. In contrast, those on the body surface were all adult males (24%) or females (76%), of which 58% were ovigerous. No nauplii or CI occurred. In the rectum, 36% of the adult males guarded 67% of the copepodids, consisting of CII–CV. From these results, their life cycle is considered as follows: nauplii and CI live as plankton; just before or after molting to CII, they enter the host’s rectum and females are probably soon guarded by males; they grow up to CV there; CV females guarded by males move to the body surface just before the final molt; on the body surface females molt to adults and spawn eggs. Guarding the first symbiotic stage (CII) is a unique precopulatory behavior for symbiotic poecilostomatoid copepods. This can be explained from the viewpoint of evolutionary resolution of the intersexual conflict and advantage for early copepodids in precopula.

著者

Fukutomi Yuma Tanimoto Hidenori Yasueda Hiroshi Taniguchi Masami

出版者

一般社団法人日本アレルギー学会

雑誌

Allergology International

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.30-36, 2016

被引用文献数

38

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Prompt diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) is an important clinical issue in preventing irreversible lung damage. Therefore, a good serological marker for the diagnosis of ABPM is desired in clinical practice.The measurement of IgE antibody to crude Aspergillus fumigatus allergen is considered the first step in screening asthmatic patients for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). However, presence ofIgE to A. fumigatus does not always indicate genuine sensitization to A. fumigatus because of crossreactivity between crude extracts from different fungal sources. The application of molecular-based allergy diagnosis can solve this problem. The specificity of testing can be greatly improved by measuring the IgE antibody to Asp f 1 and f 2, specific allergen components for genuine A. fumigatus allergy.The problem of cross-reactivity between crude fungal extracts is also true for the identification of genuine causal fungi in each ABPM patient. Some patients with ABPM induced by fungi other than Aspergillus may be consistent with ABPA diagnostic criteria because current criteria depend on IgE/IgG reactivity to crude extracts. Accurate identification of genuine causal fungi for ABPM is of clinical importance, considering that clinical presentation, anti-fungal treatment strategies and disease prognosis can be influenced by different causal fungi. The diagnosis of causal fungi can be robustly validated by the confirmation of genuine sensitization to fungi after measuring IgE to specific allergen components, as well as repeated microbiological isolation of the fungi from their airway.

著者

CHEN Fengming YOSHIDA Hiroshi

出版者

東北大学大学院経済学研究科

雑誌

TERG Discussion Papers

巻号頁・発行日

no.368, pp.1-17, 2017-05

著者

Hiroshi KARIBE Toshiaki HAYASHI Ayumi NARISAWA Motonobu KAMEYAMA Atsuhiro NAKAGAWA Teiji TOMINAGA

出版者

社団法人 日本脳神経外科学会

雑誌

Neurologia medico-chirurgica (ISSN:04708105)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.st.2017-0058, (Released:2017-07-05)

参考文献数

65

被引用文献数

67

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In recent years, instances of neurotrauma in the elderly have been increasing. This article addresses the clinical characteristics, management strategy, and outcome in elderly patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Falls to the ground either from standing or from heights are the most common causes of TBI in the elderly, since both motor and physiological functions are degraded in the elderly. Subdural, contusional and intracerebral hematomas are more common in the elderly than the young as the acute traumatic intracranial lesion. High frequency of those lesions has been proposed to be associated with increased volume of the subdural space resulting from the atrophy of the brain in the elderly. The delayed aggravation of intracranial hematomas has been also explained by such anatomical and physiological changes present in the elderly. Delayed hyperemia/hyperperfusion may also be a characteristic of the elderly TBI, although its mechanisms are not fully understood. In addition, widely used pre-injury anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies may be associated with delayed aggravation, making the management difficult for elderly TBI. It is an urgent issue to establish preventions and treatments for elderly TBI, since its outcome has been remained poor for more than 40 years.

著者

Yusai Ito Naoki Harikai Kyoko Ishizuki Kazufusa Shinomiya Naoki Sugimoto Hiroshi Akiyama

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.c17-00404, (Released:2017-07-01)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4

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Cochineal extract prepared from the scale insect Dactylopus coccus (American cochineal) has been used as a natural red dye for food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. The major pigment in cochineal extract is carminic acid (CA), an anthraquinone glucoside, and several minor pigments have been previously reported. Our investigation aimed at establishing the safety of cochineal dye products using UPLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS found an unknown minor pigment, spiroketalcarminic acid (1), in three commercial cochineal extract samples; cochineal extract used in food additives, carmine that is an aluminum salt of cochineal extract used as natural dye, and a research reagent of CA. The purification of 1 from cochineal extract involved sequential chromatographic techniques, including preparative reversed-phase HPLC. 2D NMR and mass analyses established the structure of 1 to be a novel anthraquinone with an unusual 6,5-spiroketal system instead of the C-glucosyl moiety of CA. The absolute stereochemistry of the spiroketal moiety in 1 was determined by NOESY correlations and optical rotation. No data corresponding to 1 had previously been reported for extracts of dried cochineal insects and traditional art products dyed with cochineal extract, indicating that 1 is likely produced during the preparation of commercial cochineal extract.