著者

Tokuma Fukuoka Tomotake Morita Azusa Saika Hiroshi Habe

出版者

Japan Oil Chemists' Society

雑誌

Journal of Oleo Science (ISSN:13458957)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.12, pp.1609-1616, 2018 (Released:2018-12-01)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

5 12

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Surface properties of cast films of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) containing 1 wt% of several glycolipid-type biosurfactants (BSs) were investigated. The wettability of PLA films containing a homologue of mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL-B), lactone-form sophorolipid (LSL), or cellobiose lipid (CL) was drastically higher than that of untreated PLA and several synthetic surfactants-containing PLA. Surface wettability was also dependent on the hydrophilicity of the substrate used during solvent casting of the PLA films. The wetting behavior of the opposing sides of MEL-B-containing films prepared on glass substrates differed significantly; the contact angle on the side of the film that had been in contact with the glass surface was significantly lower than that obtained on the side of the film that had been in contact with air. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis results showed that the MEL in MEL-B-containing thin PLA cast films was localized to a thin surface layer. These results suggest self-assembly of MEL-B and micro-phase separation between the PLA matrix and MEL-B domains. This resulted in the localization and orientation of MEL-B at the surface of the cast PLA film, which determined its specific wetting behavior.

著者

Katsuhisa Kuwano Yuki Ota Kiyokazu Tsuji Kenta Torigoe Ayuko Yamashita Kumiko Muta Mineaki Kitamura Hiroshi Yamashita Tadashi Uramatsu Masato Tashiro Hiroko Hayashi Koichi Izumikawa Hiroshi Mukae Tomoya Nishino

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.7332-21, (Released:2021-08-13)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3

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A 68-year-old woman developed systemic blisters while receiving treatment for nephrotic syndrome. As she also developed marked liver dysfunction and disseminated intravascular coagulation, she was admitted to our hospital. She was diagnosed with varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. Treatment was administered in the intensive-care unit, but the patient died on day 24 post-admission after severe VZV infection. A post-mortem examination showed micro-abscesses and necrosis caused by varicella zoster infection in multiple organs, including the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. Because VZV infection can become severe in immunocompromised patients, careful consideration is needed for the prevention and treatment of the viral infection.

著者

Atsushi SAITO Takashi INOUE Shinsuke SUZUKI Masayuki EZURA Hiroshi UENOHARA Teiji TOMINAGA

出版者

The Japan Neurosurgical Society

雑誌

Neurologia medico-chirurgica (ISSN:04708105)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.oa.2020-0131, (Released:2021-01-28)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

6

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Few studies have reviewed the roles of perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the histopathological examination of meningiomas. We analyzed the relationships between radiological findings on perfusion MR imaging and pathological characteristics such as origin of the tumor, mitotic activity, pathological subtype, and perifocal edema formation. The subjects were 21 surgical cases of meningioma preoperatively evaluated by perfusion MR imaging. A region of interest (ROI) was set inside of the tumor, and perifocal edema of the same size, cerebral blood volume (CBV), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) on perfusion MR and diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging were analyzed. These radiological data were evaluated in comparison with histopathological characteristics. On perfusion MR imaging, the average ratio of CBV against the contralateral side was 6.43 (1.13–20.0) and that of CBF was 7.73 (1.34–11.3). There was no significant relationship with perfusion MR imaging data, tumor volume, or perifocal edema volume. However, the large peritumoral edema group often had a higher CBV and CBF than the non-large peritumoral edema group. The skull base group had a significantly higher CBV and lower signal intensity on DW images than the non-skull base group. Signal intensity on DW images was higher in grade II or III than in grade I. Perfusion MR imaging data revealed that the higher ratio of peritumoral edema against tumor size was associated with higher blood flow and blood volume under intratumoral circulatory conditions, and that skull base meningioma had a higher blood volume than non-skull base meningioma.

著者

Maeda Shiro Tsukada Shuichi Kanazawa Akio SEKINE Akihiro TSUNODA Tatsuhiko KOYA Daisuke MAEGAWA Hiroshi KASHIWAGI Atsunori BABAZONO Tetsuya MATSUDA Masafumi TANAKA Yasushi FUJIOKA Tomoaki HIROSE Hiroshi EGUCHI Takashi OHNO Yoichi GROVES Christopher J. HATTERSLEY Andrew T. HITMAN Graham A. WALKER Mark KAKU Kohei IWAMOTO Yasuhiko KAWAMORI Ryuzo KIKKAWA Ryuichi KAMATANI Naoyuki MCCARTHY Mark I. NAKAMURA Yusuke

出版者

Springer-Verlag Tokyo

雑誌

Journal of human genetics (ISSN:14345161)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.6, pp.283-292, 2005-06-01

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

5

著者

宮井 浩志 Hiroshi Miyai

雑誌

産研論集 (ISSN:02881667)

巻号頁・発行日

no.47, pp.47-54, 2020-03-20

著者

蘆田 裕史 Ashida Hiroshi アシダ ヒロシ

出版者

意匠学会

雑誌

デザイン理論 (ISSN:09101578)

巻号頁・発行日

no.53, pp.98-99, 2008-12-20

著者

Chiho Oba-Yamamoto Hiraku Kameda Hideaki Miyoshi Tomonori Sekizaki Takahiro Takase Tsuyoshi Yanagimachi Yukihiro Fujita Hiroshi Nomoto Kyu Yong Cho Akinobu Nakamura So Nagai Tatsuya Atsumi

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.15, pp.2375-2383, 2021-08-01 (Released:2021-08-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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Objective Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is speculated to worsen growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion in acromegaly and to be a cause of paradoxical increases in GH (PI-GH) during 75-g oral glucose tolerance testing (75-g OGTT). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is), which increase the circulating concentration of active GIP, are frequently administered to diabetic patients, including those with acromegaly. We aimed to determine whether or not the administration of a DPP4i increases GH concentration, especially in patients demonstrating PI-GH during a DPP4i-OGTT, in which a DPP4i was administered immediately before 75-g OGTT. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on acromegalic patients admitted to Hokkaido University hospital between June 2011 and May 2018. The participants underwent both 75-g OGTT and DPP4i-OGTT. For those who underwent surgery, immunohistochemical staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the GIP receptor (GIPR) were performed on the resected pituitary adenomas. Results Twenty-five percent of the participants had PI-GH confirmed (3 of 12 cases). Two of the three participants who demonstrated PI-GH exhibited higher circulating GH concentrations during DPP4i-OGTT than during OGTT. The increase in plasma glucose was reduced during DPP4i-OGTT compared to during 75-g OGTT, suggesting that the increase in GH during DPP4i-OGTT was due not to high glucose concentrations but instead increased GIP caused by the administration of DPP4i. The adenoma from one participant with PI-GH displayed positive immunostaining for GIPR and a higher GIPR messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression than the others. Conclusion DPP4i may enhance the GH secretion response during glucose loading, especially in individuals with PI-GH.

著者

MASASHI UEMA KENZO YONEMITSU YOSHIKA MOMOSE YOSHIKAZU ISHII KAZUHIRO TATEDA TAKAO INOUE HIROSHI ASAKURA

出版者

The Society for Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents, Japan

雑誌

Biocontrol Science (ISSN:13424815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.119-125, 2021 (Released:2021-06-04)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

8

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There is a worldwide attempt to develop prevention strategies against SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here we examined the effectiveness of tungsten trioxide (WO3)-based visible light-responsive photocatalyst on the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 under different temperatures and exposure durations. The viral titer on the photocatalyst-coated glass slides decreased from 5.93 ± 0.38 logTCID50 /mL to 3.05 ±. 25 logTCID50/mL after exposure to 3,000 lux of the visible light irradiation for 6h at 20℃. On the other hand, lighting without the photocatalyst, or the photocatalyst-coat without lighting retained viral stability. Immunoblotting and electron microscopic analyses showed the reduced amounts of spike protein on the viral surface after the photocatalyst treatment. Our data suggest a possible implication of the photocatalyst on the decontamination of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments, thereby preventing indirect viral spread.

著者

Yuji MIZUTANI Hiroto KURIKI Yosuke KODAMA Keiichi MIZUTANI Takeshi MATSUMURA Hiroshi HARADA

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE Transactions on Communications (ISSN:09168516)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E103.B, no.4, pp.467-475, 2020-04-01 (Released:2020-04-01)

参考文献数

20

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The conventional universal filtered-DFT-spread-OFDM (UF-DFTs-OFDM) can drastically improve the out-of-band emission (OOBE) caused by the discontinuity between symbols in the conventional cyclic prefix-based DFTs-OFDM (CP-DFTs-OFDM). However, the UF-DFTs-OFDM degrades the communication quality in a long-delay multipath fading environment due to the frequency-domain ripple derived from the long transition time of the low pass filter (LPF) corresponding to the guard interval (GI). In this paper, we propose an enhanced UF-DFTs-OFDM (eUF-DFTs-OFDM) that achieves significantly low OOBE and high communication quality even in a long-delay multipath fading environment. The eUF-DFTs-OFDM applies an LPF with quite short length in combination with the zero padding (ZP) or the CP process. Then, the characteristics of the OOBE, peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), and block error rate (BLER) are evaluated by computer simulation with the LTE uplink parameters. The result confirms that the eUF-DFTs-OFDM can improve the OOBE by 22.5dB at the channel-edge compared to the CP-DFTs-OFDM, and also improve the ES/N0 to achieve BLER =10-3 by about 2.5dB for QPSK and 16QAM compared to the UF-DFTs-OFDM. For 64QAM, the proposed eUF-DFTs-ODFDM can eliminate the error floor of the UF-DFTs-OFDM. These results indicate that the proposed eUF-DFTs-OFDM can significantly reduce the OOBE while maintaining the same level of communication quality as the CP-DFTs-OFDM even in long-delay multipath environment.

著者

Tetsuo Nishikawa Fumitoshi Satoh Yuichi Takashi Toshihiko Yanase Hiroshi Itoh Isao Kurihara Hirotaka Shibata Yutaka Oki Mitsuhide Naruse Hidehiko Sasamoto Katsuhiko Kuwa

出版者

The Japan Endocrine Society

雑誌

Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.EJ21-0278, (Released:2021-07-22)

被引用文献数

17

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A commutability confirmation test for the blood aldosterone measurement was performed on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as a designated comparison method (DCM) and four chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) measurement procedures based on metrological traceability. A conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA) and two measurement procedures of CLEIA which obtains RIA equivalent values were also compared. The relationship between the DCM value and the CLEIA value with respect to 120 pg/mL of the RIA value, which is the screening criterion of primary aldosteronism (PA) was clarified. For the correlation test, 75 samples of patient serum and plasma were used. Regression analysis revealed that the standardized LC-MS/MS and four CLEIA measurement procedures were in good agreement. This is the effect of measurement specificity and calibration using by certified reference material (CRM). The median of the LC-MS/MS corresponding to 120 pg/mL of RIA was 48.5 pg/mL. In the mean of standardized four CLEIA values corresponding to the 48.5 pg/mL of LC-MS/MS value was 47.51 pg/mL and the standard deviation (SD) was 2.93 pg/mL. However, the correlation between the RIA value and the RIA equivalent of the two measurement procedures by CLEIA differed depending on the measurement procedure. This is due to the influence of RIA measurement performance. Standardized CLEIA measurements are suitable for routine measurement procedure. When converting the LC-MS/MS equivalent value by the standardized CLEIA to the conventional RIA value, it is necessary to use the conversion formula.

著者

Tsuyoshi Tasaki Shohei Matsumoto Hayato Ohba Shunichi Yamamoto Mitsuhiko Toda Kazunori Komatani Tetsuya Ogata Hiroshi G. Okuno

出版者

Information and Media Technologies Editorial Board

雑誌

Information and Media Technologies (ISSN:18810896)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.285-295, 2006 (Released:2006-06-15)

参考文献数

21

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Research on human-robot interaction is getting an increasing amount of attention. Since most research has dealt with communication between one robot and one person, quite few researchers have studied communication between a robot and multiple people. This paper presents a method that enables robots to communicate with multiple people using the “selection priority of the interactive partner” based on the concept of Proxemics. In this method, a robot changes active sensory-motor modalities based on the interaction distance between itself and a person. Our method was implemented into a humanoid robot, SIG2. SIG2 has various sensory-motor modalities to interact with humans. A demonstration of SIG2 showed that our method selected an appropriate interaction partner during interaction with multiple people.

著者

Tetsuya Tamaki Muneharu Ando Yukihiro Nakagawa Hiroshi Iwasaki Shunji Tsutsui Masanari Takami Hiroshi Yamada

出版者

The Japanese Society for Spine Surgery and Related Research

雑誌

Spine Surgery and Related Research (ISSN:2432261X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3, pp.120-132, 2021-05-27 (Released:2021-05-27)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

6

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An intraoperative functional spinal cord monitoring system is a technology used by spine and spinal cord surgeons to perform a safe surgery and to gain further surgical proficiency. However, no existing clinical neurophysiological method used in the operating room can monitor all complex spinal cord functions. Therefore, by observing the activities of certain neural action potentials transferred via limited neural tissues, surgeons need to deductively estimate the function of the whole spinal cord. Thus, as the number of spinal cord functions that need to be observed increases, spinal cord monitoring can be more reliable. However, in some situations, critical decision-making is affected by the limited capability of these methods. Nevertheless, good teamwork enables sharing of seamless information within the team composed of a surgeon, anesthesiologist, monitoring technician and nurses greatly contributes to making quick and accurate decisions. The surgeon, who is the person in charge of the team, should communicate with multidisciplinary team members using common technical terms. For this reason, spine and spinal cord surgeons must have appropriate knowledge of the methods currently used, especially of their utility and limitations. To date, at least six electrophysiological methods are available for clinical utilization: three are used to monitor sensory-related tracts, and three are used to monitor motor-related spinal cord functions. If surgeons perform electrode setting, utilizing their expertise, then the range of available methods is broadened, and more meticulous intraoperative functional spinal cord monitoring can be carried out. Furthermore, if the team members share information effectively by utilizing a clinically feasible judicious checklist or tools, then spinal cord monitoring will be more reliable.

著者

小達 恒夫 野元掘 隆 宮岡 宏 Tsuneo Odate Takashi Nomotobori Hiroshi Miyaoka

雑誌

南極資料 = Antarctic Record (ISSN:00857289)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.251-290, 2008-07-30

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第48次南極地域観測隊夏期行動の概要を報告する.第48次隊は総勢62名で構成され,このうち越冬隊は35名,夏隊は27名であった.他に同行者として,南極観測船「しらせ」で行動した4名,ドームふじ基地において行動した2名,日独共同航空機観測を行った11名,及び航空機により昭和基地へ入り湖沼生態調査を行った3名が参加した.「しらせ」は2006年11月14日に晴海を出港し,また,観測隊本隊は11月28日に航空機で出発し,西オーストラリアのフリーマントルで「しらせ」に乗船した.「しらせ」は12月3日に同地を出港し,海洋観測を実施しつつ12月16日に氷縁に到着した.12月19日に昭和基地第1便が飛び,2007年2月16日の最終便までの間に,第48次越冬隊成立に必要な物資約1000 tの輸送と越冬隊員の交代を滞りなく完遂した.沿岸露岩の湖沼域の生態学的調査,氷河地形調査,地震観測,氷・水・土壌・生物等の試料採集,内陸での気象,電波,GPS等の無人観測などの夏期観測調査はほぼ予定通り実施できた.設営系では,昭和基地夏作業として予定された基地建物,施設の新設や改修工事はすべて実施した.特に,昭和基地クリーンアップ4カ年計画の3年目として,主に第47次隊が用意した200 tを上回る廃棄物を持ち帰り,また島内一斉清掃によって飛散していた廃棄物の回収に努めた.往復の航路上では,海洋観測を実施し,シドニーに3月21日に到着,観測隊は航空機で3月28日に帰国した.一方,ドームふじ基地支隊は11月5日に成田を出発し,ケープタウンからDROMLANチャーター機により,ノボラザレフスカヤを経由して12月3日に「ARP2」地点で第47次隊と合流した.その後,雪上車でドームふじ基地に12月12日に到着した.ここで,第47次越冬隊と協力して,1月26日までに3025.22 mの掘削に成功したのち,航空機により2月20日に帰国した.また,日独共同航空機観測に参加した夏隊1名は,12月3日に成田空港から出国した.ケープタウンからDROMLANチャーター機により,ノボラザレフスカヤを経由して12月8日にノイマイヤ基地へ到着した.同基地付近での航空機観測を実施した後,1月6日にはS17航空拠点へ移動し,昭和基地付近での航空機観測を実施した.1月27日にS17を離れ,2月8日帰国した.

著者

Takahisa Furuta Mitsushige Sugimoto Mihoko Yamade Takahiro Uotani Shu Sahara Hitomi Ichikawa Takuma Kagami Takanori Yamada Satoshi Osawa Ken Sugimoto Hiroshi Watanabe Kazuo Umemura

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.6, pp.571-575, 2014 (Released:2014-03-15)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

21 27

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Eradication of H. pylori in patients allergic to penicillin should be performed using regimens without penicillin derivatives. We treated a total of 28 patients allergic to penicillin with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), metronidazole (250 mg bid) and sitafloxacin (100 mg bid) for one to two weeks. At four to eight weeks after the treatment, the patients underwent the [13C]-urea breath test. The overall eradication rate was 100.0%. Mild adverse events were observed. Triple therapy with a PPI, metronidazole and sitafloxacin is well tolerated and effective for the eradication of H. pylori in patients allergic to penicillin.

著者

堤 明正 和田 豊 加藤 信治 宮川 清 長谷川 宏 堀 恵一 Tsutsumi Akimasa Wada Yutaka Kato Nobuji Miyagawa Kiyoshi Hasegawa Hiroshi Hori Keiichi

出版者

宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)

雑誌

平成25年度宇宙輸送シンポジウム: 講演集録 = Proceedings of Space Transportation Symposium FY2013

巻号頁・発行日

2014

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平成25年度宇宙輸送シンポジウム(2014年1月16日-17日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS)), 相模原市, 神奈川県

著者

保坂 廣志 Hosaka Hiroshi 保坂 広志

出版者

琉球大学法文学部

雑誌

人間科学 (ISSN:13434896)

巻号頁・発行日

no.17, pp.231-270, 2006-03

著者

Kirianov Andrei Hagiwara Tomoya Kishi Hiroshi OHSATO Hitoshi

出版者

社団法人応用物理学会

雑誌

Japanese journal of applied physics. Pt. 1, Regular papers & short notes (ISSN:00214922)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.11, pp.6934-6937, 2002-11-30

参考文献数

8

著者

Hiroshi Okada Mitsuko Onda Masaki Shoji Naoki Sakane Yasushi Nakagawa Takashi Sozu Yui Kitajima Ross T. Tsuyuki Takeo Nakayama

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.6, pp.632-639, 2017-12-31 (Released:2018-01-09)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

13 28

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The COMmunity Pharamcists ASSist for Blood Pressure (COMPASS-BP) study aimed to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle support programs administered in community pharmacies on hypertension control. This open-label, two-armed parallel group, cluster-randomized controlled trial included 73 pharmacies (clusters) in Japan randomized to a control or intervention group. Eligible hypertensive patients (n = 125), aged 20-75 years, received the intervention (n = 64) or the control treatment (n = 61), as dictated by their pharmacy randomization. Patients in the intervention group received brochures and healthy lifestyle advice from pharmacists using motivational interviewing methods during pharmacy visits over a 12-week period, with their usual pharmacy care. Conversely, the control group just received usual care. The main outcome measure was a change in morning systolic blood pressure (SBP) from baseline to week 12. The intervention group exhibited a decrease in morning SBP that was 6.0 mmHg greater than that of the control group (95% confidence interval [CI]: −11.0 to −0.9, p = 0.021). In a mixed-effect model for repeated measures analysis, the intergroup difference in morning SBP decrease was −4.5 mmHg (95% CI: −8.5 to −0.6, p = 0.024). Our findings indicate that implementation of a lifestyle advice program in pharmacies is feasible and may lead to reduced blood pressure.

著者

Mitsuharu Hosono Hiroshi Yasumoto Shintaro Kuwauchi Yoshino Mitsunaga Shinya Kanemoto Naoki Minato Kohei Kawazoe

出版者

The Editorial Committee of Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

雑誌

Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (ISSN:13411098)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.oa.21-00047, (Released:2021-06-07)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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Purpose: To evaluate the utility of ultrasonographic assessment of blood flow to the lower limb below the cannulation site in minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS).Methods: Twenty-two patients who underwent ultrasonographic assessment in MICS were reviewed retrospectively. In all patients, the right femoral artery was used for arterial cannulation. Ultrasonographic assessment was performed using a 15-MHz ultrasonography small probe, and regional oxygen saturation was monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).Results: The mean flow velocity at the distal side of the cannulation site was 46.2 ± 25.4 cm/s. In six patients, a >40% decreased from baseline regional oxygen saturation was observed. In five of the six patients, the flow velocity was very slow, and spontaneous echo contrast was also observed in three cases. Their regional oxygen saturation was improved rapidly after distal leg perfusion. In the remaining case, the flow velocity was not decreased. In another one case, the stenosis at the cannulation site was detected after decannulation and repaired immediately. No limb ischemic complications were observed in this series.Conclusion: Ultrasonographic assessment combined with the NIRS monitoring is useful to prevent lower limb ischemic complications after femoral arterial cannulation in MICS.

著者

Hiroshi Itoh Shuhei Nishida

出版者

The Plankton Society of Japan, The Japanese Association of Benthology

雑誌

Plankton and Benthos Research (ISSN:18808247)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.4, pp.189-201, 2008-11-25 (Released:2009-02-25)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

6 9

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A 25-month field survey was conducted to investigate the life cycle and seasonal population fluctuations in the poecilostomatoid copepod Hemicyclops spinulosus in the burrows of the ocypodid crab Macrophthalmus japonicus in the mud-flats of the Tama-River estuary, central Japan. On the basis of sample collections in the water column and from the crab burrows, it was confirmed that H. spinulosus is planktonic during the naupliar stages and settles on the bottom during the first copepodid stage to inhabit the burrows. Furthermore, the copepods' reproduction took place mainly during early summer to autumn with a successive decrease from autumn to winter. A supplementary observation on the burrows of the polychaete Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus suggested that these burrows are another important habitat of H. spinulosus. There were additional discoveries of male polymorphism and precopulatory mate guarding behavior by males, suggesting an adaptation in the reproductive strategy of this copepod to their narrow habitat spaces and low population densities, in contrast to the congeneric species H. gomsoensis, which co-occurs in the estuary but attains much larger population sizes and is associated with hosts having much larger burrow spaces.