著者
SUZUKI FUJIO SUZUKI CHIEKO SHIMOMURA EMIKO MAEDA HIROSHI FUJII TOSHIKATSU ISHIDA NAKAO
出版者
公益財団法人 日本感染症医薬品協会
雑誌
The Journal of Antibiotics (ISSN:00218820)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.12, pp.1336-1345, 1979
被引用文献数
28

Oral (PO) administration of KS-2 to adult DDI mice resulted in a peak serum interferon (IF) titer of 800 units (U)/ml 20 hours after administration with detectable levels persisting until 30 hours. After intraperitoneal (IP) injection, a peak serum IF titer of 1, 600 U/ml was<br>detected and it followed the same time course as that of oral administration. The IF induced<br>by KS-2 shared certain physico-chemical properties with the standard preparation of immune IF and was not neutralized by an antiserum against type I IF. In mice infected intranasally (IN) with influenza A<sub>2</sub> (H<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>) virus, KS-2 was found to possess significant protective activities.<br>Efficacy of the agent was evidenced by an increase in survivor number, a prolongation of mean survival time, an inhibition of the development of lung consolidation induced by the viral infection and a decrease in virus titer in lung tissues. Both PO and IP administrations of KS-2 protected mice against infection and significant antiviral activities were achieved not only by prophylactic but also chemotherapeutic administration. No virocidal or virostatic activities of KS-2 to the influenza virus were found <i><i>in vitro</i></i>. The protective activities of KS-2 against influenza virus infection in mice are discussed in view of the immunopotentiation of the host animals.
著者
Takaaki SAEKI Yuki SAITO Shinnosuke TAKAMICHI Hiroshi SARUWATARI
出版者
The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
雑誌
IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.E104-D, no.7, pp.1002-1016, 2021-07-01
被引用文献数
2

This paper proposes two high-fidelity and computationally efficient neural voice conversion (VC) methods based on a direct waveform modification using spectral differentials. The conventional spectral-differential VC method with a minimum-phase filter achieves high-quality conversion for narrow-band (16 kHz-sampled) VC but requires heavy computational cost in filtering. This is because the minimum phase obtained using a fixed lifter of the Hilbert transform often results in a long-tap filter. Furthermore, when we extend the method to full-band (48 kHz-sampled) VC, the computational cost is heavy due to increased sampling points, and the converted-speech quality degrades due to large fluctuations in the high-frequency band. To construct a short-tap filter, we propose a lifter-training method for data-driven phase reconstruction that trains a lifter of the Hilbert transform by taking into account filter truncation. We also propose a frequency-band-wise modeling method based on sub-band multi-rate signal processing (sub-band modeling method) for full-band VC. It enhances the computational efficiency by reducing sampling points of signals converted with filtering and improves converted-speech quality by modeling only the low-frequency band. We conducted several objective and subjective evaluations to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed methods through implementation of the real-time, online, full-band VC system we developed, which is based on the proposed methods. The results indicate that 1) the proposed lifter-training method for narrow-band VC can shorten the tap length to 1/16 without degrading the converted-speech quality, and 2) the proposed sub-band modeling method for full-band VC can improve the converted-speech quality while reducing the computational cost, and 3) our real-time, online, full-band VC system can convert 48 kHz-sampled speech in real time attaining the converted speech with a 3.6 out of 5.0 mean opinion score of naturalness.
著者
伊藤 博 Hiroshi ITO
出版者
大手前大学
雑誌
大手前大学論集 = Otemae Journal (ISSN:1882644X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, pp.17-32, 2012-03-31

明治維新前後において、福沢諭吉ら洋学者達が近代科学を子どもにまで広めようとした。なかでも江戸末期の1868年(明治元年)に福沢諭吉が発行した『訓蒙窮理圖解 初編 上(中・下)』(上巻は表裏表紙含め全52葉)は、すべての漢字にルビを付し、所々にその頁の内容に沿った図などを挿入するなどはじめて子どもを対象とした科学読み物であったと考えられる。その後、この書物に触発されて明治五年から明治七年にかけて「窮理熱」と呼ばれる科学読み物がさかんに出版されるようになり、科学入門書の一大ブームが起きた。これは科学入門書が一般庶民の読み物として広がりつつあった事を裏付けるものである。こういった科学書が一般庶民の読み物として成立するためには、読者層において高いレベルの識字率が必要とされるのが前提である。さらに、各種の研究から明治維新前後の一般庶民の識字率は相当に高かったことが知られている。そこで本稿では、一般庶民にまで教育が施されるのはいつのことからであり、その教授法はどのようなものであったのかについて明治維新前後の当時の資料をもとにして考察していきたい。
著者
Zenta TAKATSU Muneya TSUDA Akio YAMADA Hiroshi MATSUMOTO Akira TAKAI Yasuhiro TAKEDA Mitsunori TAKASE
出版者
JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE
雑誌
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.3, pp.524-533, 2017 (Released:2017-03-18)
参考文献数
31
被引用文献数
6 8

Hand-reared elephant calves that are nursed with milk substitutes sometimes suffer bone fractures, probably due to problems associated with nutrition, exercise, sunshine levels and/or genetic factors. As we were expecting the birth of an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), we analyzed elephant’s breast milk to improve the milk substitutes for elephant calves. Although there were few nutritional differences between conventional substitutes and elephant’s breast milk, we found a large unknown peak in the breast milk during high-performance liquid chromatography-based amino acid analysis and determined that it was glucosamine (GlcN) using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. We detected the following GlcN concentrations [mean ± SD] (mg/100 g) in milk hydrolysates produced by treating samples with 6M HCl for 24 hr at 110°C: four elephant’s breast milk samples: 516 ± 42, three cow’s milk mixtures: 4.0 ± 2.2, three mare’s milk samples: 12 ± 1.2 and two human milk samples: 38. The GlcN content of the elephant’s milk was 128, 43 and 14 times greater than those of the cow’s, mare’s and human milk, respectively. Then, we examined the degradation of GlcN during 0–24 hr hydrolyzation with HCl. We estimated that elephant’s milk contains >880 mg/100 g GlcN, which is similar to the levels of major amino acids in elephant’s milk. We concluded that a novel GlcN-containing milk substitute should be developed for elephant calves. The efficacy of GlcN supplements is disputed, and free GlcN is rare in bodily fluids; thus, the optimal molecular form of GlcN requires a further study.
著者
Shinji Koba Yuuya Yokota Tsutomu Hirano Yasuki Ito Yoshihisa Ban Fumiyoshi Tsunoda Takatoshi Sato Makoto Shoji Hiroshi Suzuki Eiichi Geshi Youichi Kobayashi Takashi Katagiri
出版者
Japan Atherosclerosis Society
雑誌
Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (ISSN:13403478)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.15, no.5, pp.250-260, 2008 (Released:2008-11-01)
参考文献数
35
被引用文献数
63 74

Aim: Recent evidence suggests that small dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) particles are more atherogenic than large-LDL in spite of their lower cholesterol content. This study aimed to determine whether sd-LDL-cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) is superior to LDL-C as a biomarker of coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods: LDL particle size determined by gradient gel electrophoresis and sd-LDL-C concentrations quantified by heparin-magnesium precipitation were compared between 482 stable CHD patients and 389 non-diabetic subjects without CHD who were not receiving any lipid-lowering drugs.Results: Both male and female CHD patients had significantly smaller LDL particles and lower large-LDL-C concentrations (estimated by subtracting the sd-LDL-C concentration from the LDL-C concentration), and significantly higher sd-LDL-C concentrations than the control subjects. LDL-C concentrations were modestly higher and sd-LDL-C concentrations were significantly higher in 258 patients with angiographically documented severe CHD than in the patients with mild CHD irrespective of treatment by LDL-lowering drugs and history of myocardial infarction and/or coronary revascularization. Large-LDL-C concentrations, in contrast, were similar between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that sd-LDL-C levels were significantly associated with severe CHD independently of LDL-C.Conclusion: sd-LDL-C levels are more powerful than LDL-C levels for the determination of severe stable CHD.
著者
志土地 由香 井手 一郎 高橋 友和 村瀬 洋 SHIDOCHI Yuka IDE Ichiro TAKAHASHI Tomokazu MURASE Hiroshi
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会論文誌. A, 基礎・境界 (ISSN:09135707)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.94, no.7, pp.532-535, 2011-07

類似した料理レシピ群における特徴的な調理手順の類似度に基づいて,代替可能な素材を発見する方法を提案する.これにより,利用者の要求に応じて料理レシピ中の素材を柔軟に置き換えられるようになることが期待される.
著者
西坂 珠美 會田 宏 Tamami Nishisaka Hiroshi Aida
雑誌
武庫川女子大学紀要. 人文・社会科学編 (ISSN:09163115)
巻号頁・発行日
no.53, pp.43-50, 2006-03-31

The purpose of this study was to investigate composition factor of "Team Satisfaction" on basketball club team members and to suggest the way of improving "Team Satisfaction". The subjects were 144 participant belonging to various basketball club teams. The results were summarized as fellows: 1) Basketball club team members were satisfied with various things of their activities. 2) Five factors were extracted as the determinant factors of "Team Satisfaction". These were "Communication and Mood", "Practicing and Leader", "Motivation of upskilling", "Self-efficacy" and "Winning desire". 3) One factor was contribute to "Team Satisfaction". This was "Communication and Mood". These results suggest that the most important thing to improve "Team Satisfaction" is making a good relationship among team-mates.
著者
秋山 華穂 松浦 均 Akiyama Kaho Matsuura Hiroshi
出版者
三重大学教育学部
雑誌
三重大学教育学部研究紀要 自然科学・人文科学・社会科学・教育科学・教育実践 = Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, Mie University. Natural Science, Humanities, Social Science, Education, Educational Practice
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, pp.187-197, 2019-01-04

現代の若者に広く浸透しつつあるコミュニケーション・ツールである“キャラ”に焦点を当て、その“キャラ”が実際にどのように用いられ、人間関係とどのような関連があるのかについて検討した。さらに“キャラ”を相手や状況に応じて切り替えることの効果、特に友人関係満足度に及ぼす影響について検討した。大学生を対象に、過去もしくは現在に所属していた友人グループの中での自身の“キャラ”を想起してもらい、その“キャラ”についての認知およびそのグループでの友人関係満足度について質問紙調査を行った。その結果、大学生が用いる“キャラ”の実態について、また“キャラ”と友人関係満足度および友人関係の特徴との関連について、“キャラ”切り替え動機と“キャラ”切り替えと友人関係の在り方や満足度との関連について明らかになった。具体的には、「お笑い」や「いじられ」キャラが多く用いられていることが明らかになった。また“キャラ”使用に関して性差がみられ、女性では「天然」「ほのぼの」キャラの数が多いのに対し、男性では「ボケ」や「お調子者」キャラが多くみられ、女性より男性の方が「キャラに対するメリット認知」をしていることが示された。さらに、「いじられ」や「お笑い」キャラと「まじめ」キャラとの間に、友人関係満足度などの差がみられた。これは、「友人関係における役割」キャラおよび「当人の性格特性」キャラの差異からくるものであることが考えられる。次に、友人関係の在り方の中では、特に「群れ関係群」において「キャラに対するメリット認知」が高く、それゆえ“キャラ”が多く用いられていることが示唆された。加えて、「キャラに対するメリット認知」は、友人関係満足度に影響を及ぼしているのに対し、「キャラに対するデメリット認知」は友人関係満足度との間に関連がみられないという結果が得られた。最後に、“キャラ”切り替えについては、「自然・無意識」を主な変化動機として行われている可能性が示された。そして、「友人関係における役割」キャラおよび「当人の性格特性」キャラにおける切り替えの程度によって、その切り替えは「関係維持」や「演技隠蔽」を変化動機として行われる場合もあるということが明らかになった。
著者
Ikuo Nakagawa Masahiro Hiji Hiroshi Esaki
出版者
Information Processing Society of Japan
雑誌
Journal of Information Processing (ISSN:18826652)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.23, no.4, pp.458-464, 2015 (Released:2015-07-15)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
1 8

We propose “Dripcast,” a new server-less Java programming framework for billions of IoT (Internet of Things) devices. The framework makes it easy to develop device applications working with a cloud, that is, scalable computing resources on the Internet. The framework consists of two key technologies; (1) transparent remote procedure call (2) mechanism to read, write and process Java objects with scale-out style distributed datastore. A great benefit of the framework is that there is no need to write a server-side program nor a database code. A very simple client-side program is enough to work with the framework, to read, write or process Java objects on a cloud. The mechanism is infinitely scalable since it works with scale-out technologies. In this paper, we describe the concept and the architecture of the Dripcast framework. We also implement the framework and evaluate from two points of views, 1) from the view point of scalability about cloud resources, 2) from the view point of method call encapsulation overhead in client IoT devices.
著者
Takahiro INOUE Yasuyuki TAKAMATSU Misato OKAMURA Hiroki MANI Naoya HASEGAWA Hiroshi MAEJIMA
出版者
Biomedical Research Press
雑誌
Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.42, no.3, pp.103-108, 2021-06-07 (Released:2021-06-07)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
1

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). This study examined the effect of specific inhibition of α5 subunit-containing GABAA receptors (α5GABAAR) on the behavioral profile and neuronal activity of the CNS using a compound called L-655,708, which is a selective negative allosteric modulator of α5GABAAR. L-655,708 administration significantly increased locomotor activity without anxiety-related behavior. Furthermore, L-655,708 administration significantly increased c-Fos mRNA expression (a neuronal activity marker) in motor area of the cerebral cortex, whereas it hardly altered c-Fos mRNA expression in the sensory cortex, hippocampus, and spinal cord. This study revealed for the first time that alteration of neuronal activity with specific inhibition of α5GABAAR differs depending on each CNS region. α5GABAAR could be a potential target for modulating CNS excitability and behavioral activity.
著者
Masako Shimoda Kayo Kaneko Takeshi Nakagawa Naoko Kawano Rei Otsuka Atsuhiko Ota Hisao Naito Masaaki Matsunaga Naohiro Ichino Hiroya Yamada Chifa Chiang Yoshihisa Hirakawa Koji Tamakoshi Atsuko Aoyama Hiroshi Yatsuya
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.JE20210128, (Released:2021-05-22)
参考文献数
33
被引用文献数
2

Background: There is limited evidence regarding the relationship between Diabetes mellitus (DM) in middle age and mild cognitive impairment after a follow-up. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in middle age and cognitive function (assessed using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) in later life, following over 15 years of follow-up in the Aichi Workers’ Cohort Study in Japan.Methods: Participants were 253 former local government employees aged 60–79 years in 2018 who participated in a baseline survey conducted in 2002. Using baseline FBG levels and self-reported history, participants were classified into the normal, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and, and DM groups. Total MoCA-J score ranges from 0 to 30, and cognitive impairment was defined as MoCA-J score ≤25 in this study. A general linear model was used to estimate the mean MoCA-J scores in the FBG groups, adjusted for age, sex, educational year, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.Results: The mean MoCA-J score in the total population was 25.0, and the prevalence of MoCA-J score ≤25 was 49.0%. Multivariable-adjusted total MoCA-J scores were 25.2, 24.8, and 23.4 in the normal, IFG, and DM groups, respectively. The odds ratio of MoCA-J score ≤25 in the DM group was 3.29.Conclusions: FBG level in middle age was negatively associated with total MoCA-J scores assessed later in life, independent of confounding variables.
著者
井上 義和 岩井 洋 広沢 俊宗 イノウエ ヨシカズ イワイ ヒロシ ヒロサワ トシムネ Yoshikazu INOUE Hiroshi IWAI Toshimune HIROSAWA
雑誌
関西国際大学地域研究所叢書
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, pp.49-54, 2006-03

日本のプロ野球の現状や制度に対するファンの態度は、どのような要因に規定されているのか。個別の態度表明の背後にある業績主義と娯楽主義および適正規模へのスリム化という3つの評価基準を抽出したうえで、それぞれを重視する要因として、性別・年齢・学歴・年収といった社会的な属性と応援する球団の所属リーグの効果を分析した。その結果、業績主義的な傾向は男性パリーグファンに、娯楽主義的な傾向は女性・若者・低学歴層・セリーグファンに、それぞれ認められた。適正規模をめぐる批判的な視点は、スリム化を肯定する傾向は高学歴層に、セーフティネットを要求する傾向は男性パリーグファンに、それぞれ認められた。