著者

本田 靖

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.4, pp.746-748, 2008 (Released:2008-09-30)

著者

吉川 一輝 大橋 拓実 小嶌 健仁 本多 悠真 石尾 広武 高田 真澄 大森 正子 宮尾 克

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.12-18, 2016 (Released:2016-01-30)

参考文献数

22

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Objectives: Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) display technology have contributed significantly to society, particularly in the increasing use of stereoscopic characters. For example, 3D text information is utilized in digital signage. However, research on 3D characters is limited and discussion on the safety and comfort of 3D technology is lacking. According to the 3D Consortium Safety Guidelines in Japan, a comfortable visual parallax with 3D images is less than ±1.0°. However, 3D text must be shown in front of its associated content in order for it to be displayed simultaneously with that content. Methods: We carried out an experiments to verify the permissive limits of cognition in subjects regarding the parallax of 3D images. In the experiment, 94 subjects aged 18 to 81 viewed a 3D flat Maltess cross image having no depth and projected outward from a screen at a large parallax of 1.0° to 6.0°. Results: Eighty-six percent of the subjects recognized the 3D flat image even when it protruded at a 2.0° parallax. These subjects viewed the image comfortably and without visual problems. Conclusions: This study concludes that people can cognitively recognize a 3D telop at a 2.0° parallax without feeling fatigued.

著者

森重 敏子 石西 伸 長 哲二

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.434-441, 1977-08-30 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

19

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The contamination and the pollution of foodstuffs by radioactive fallout have been investigated since 1961 in Fukuoka city and its suburban area. The results obtained were as follows.1) Recently, the degree of the contamination of greens by radioactive fallout which fell on the leaves decreased to one thousandth in the early stage of the investigation (1961-1962). In the period of the investigation, the remarkable increase of the radioactivity of fallout was observed within a week after the Chinese nuclear bomb explosion in the atmosphere (1st, 2nd, 5th, 12th, 13th, and 15th). The radioactivity was 2 to 300 times higher than the usual level.2) The radioactivity was not remarkable in vegetables which were washed with soap, but it decreased gradually year by year. The increase of the radioactivity was also observed a few days after the atmospheric nuclear explosion.3) In milk, there were no remarkable yearly decreases of the radioactivity from the beginning of the investigation, but the seasonal variations of the radioactivity, such as higher in April and May, were observed.4) The radioactivity in diets based on the standard food production in Japan was the highest in 1967. It decreased gradually from 1967 to 1971 and after that the remarkable variation of the activity was not observed.5) 137Cs contamination of foodstuffs has been observed quantitatively by the method of gamma spectrometry, while sometimes 95Zr-95Nb, 103Ru, and 131I were also detected from the specimens obtained immediately after the nuclear explosions.

著者

宮本 教雄 青木 貴子 武藤 紀久 井奈波 良一 岩田 弘敏

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.6, pp.1004-1012, 1995-02-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

8 14

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In winter, many people have trouble with chilliness in their arms and legs. Many women are especially sensitive to cold, and for them the chilliness of the hands and the feet is difficult to ease even after entering a warm room, or taking a bath. They even feel pain owing to coldness of their limbs in daily life. This symptom has been called “hiesho” in Japanese.The problem of this chilliness is difficult to study because this symptom, in general, can be cured when spring comes. Coldness of the limbs has been considered to be one of the symptoms of the climacteric disturbance among middle-aged females.Recently, however, it was reported that many young females also feel pain owing to coldness of the hands and legs in their daily life during winter.This study investigates the problems of chilliness in the limbs of young females in their daily life. By means of a questionnaire, 642 female college students aged from 18 to 20 years answered questions concerning: (1) physical characteristics, (2) physical conditions in their daily life, (3) physical conditions in winter, and (4) physical conditions in summer. The replies to the questionnaires were tested using the χ2 test.The major results were as follows:1. Half of the subjects were sensitive to cold, and had difficulty sleeping owing to chilliness of their limbs in winter even in a warm environment.For the following results the subjects who were sensitive to cold had significant differences (p<0.05) compared to non-sensitive subjects to cold.2. Those subjects who were aware of chilliness in their limbs had high prevalence rates for irregularities in circadian body rhythm, as well as some symptoms such as white fingers phenomenon, numbness of their limbs, and stiffness in their hands.3. The subjects who were aware of chilliness in their limbs were very sensitive to cold in winter, and had female family members who had the same troubles with chilliness in the arms and the legs, too.4. The subjects who were aware of chilliness in their limbs were sensitive to cold even in summer, and had difficulty sleeping owing to chilliness of the limbs.

著者

樊 建軍 青島 恵子 加藤 輝隆 寺西 秀豊 加須 屋實

雑誌

日本衞生學雜誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, 2001-04-01

著者

中村 英輔 原田 浩二 石川 裕彦 小泉 昭夫

雑誌

日本衞生學雜誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, 2008-03-01

著者

小野 雅司

雑誌

日本衞生學雜誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, 2008-03-01

著者

清水 英佑 永山 和之 鈴木 孝之 竹村 望

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.5, pp.774-781, 1980-12-30 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

4 4

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Mutagenicity tests were performed using Ames' Salmonella typhimurium, strains TA98 and TA100, on the pyrolysis products of 4 fresh vegetables, boiled rice, seaweed, soy sauce, as well as three amino acids (alliin, methyiin and S-methyl-L-cysteine) and tetrafractane which are contained in garlic.Pyrolysis products of garlic, onion and seaweed were mutagenic to TA98 and TA100 only with S-9 Mix which consists of rat liver microsomes and some metabolic enzymes.Pyrolysates of the three amino acids contained in garlic were mutagenic, and this was especially strong for the pyrolysate of S-methyl-L-cysteine.Differences in mutagenicity of soy sauce pyrolysates as dependent on the duration of heating and temperature were investigated: Strongest mutagenicity was observed when soy sauce was heated for 30min. at 400°C.Checking the production of Soy sauce mutagens when heated in a frying pan, it was found that the longer the frying pan was preheated, the stronger was the production of mutagens.All of the pyrolysates tested revealed mutagenicity by metabolic activation in the presence of S-9 Mix.

著者

小林 果 永吉 真子 金森 悟 徳増 一樹 中部 貴央 桑原 恵介

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, pp.23005, 2023 (Released:2023-12-08)

参考文献数

12

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The recruitment and training of early-career researchers are important for the development of science, especially in countries with low birth rates, such as Japan. In several academic societies for social medicine, early-career researchers have formed associations for the purposes of networking and career development. However, to date, little information about the activities of these associations has been shared. Therefore, we organized a symposium at the 93rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Hygiene (March 4, 2023) to introduce the early-career researcher associations that have been formed within five academic societies namely the Japanese Society for Hygiene, Japan Epidemiological Association, Japan Society for Occupational Health, Japan Society for Medical Education, and Japan Society for Healthcare Administration. In this paper, we summarize the activities, challenges, and future prospects of each association and their strategies for future development and collaboration on the basis of presentations and discussions at the symposium.

著者

中迫 勝 矢島 信子

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.289-298, 1970-08-30 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2

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交通事故発生要因の一つである運転行動とその背景の生活条件である運転労働時間との関係を, 質問紙法を用いて, 調査した。その調査対象は交通事故体験者180名, ハイタク運転者44名, トラック運輪運転者83名であった。調査結果は次の通りである。1) 一日当たりの運転労働時間すなわち0∼3.0hr/day, 3.1∼8.0hr/day, 8.1∼hr/dayには, 運転操作 (ハンドル, ブレーキ, アクセル, クラッチ, チェンジ・レバー) の差は認められないが0∼3.0hr/dayは他の条件に比較し, 足による運転操作に「欠点」のある傾向を示した。2) 長時間運転労働者には「運転疲労」と「交通事故発生回数」との間に高い相関を認め, 一方, 短時間運転者には, 「眠気」と「交通事故発生回数」との間に相関のある傾向を認めた。3) しかし, 8∼10, 10∼12時では疲労感は比較的少ないが (運転行為の影響が大きく) 事故が多い。2-4, 4-6時の深夜早朝時には疲労感は大きいが (交通量が少ないため) 事故は比較的少ない。4) 12∼14, 14∼16時の時間帯では, 疲労の訴え, 事故回数ともに, 運転労働時間と関係なく大きい。5) 実数の事故回数より運転単位時間当たりの事故回数を指標とする方が, 運転労働時間と運転行動との関連特性を明確にしている。

著者

田鎖 順太 松井 利仁

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.19014, 2021 (Released:2021-02-25)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

5 5

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Objectives: Traffic noise exposure is associated with adverse health effects such as environmental sleep disorder, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke and diabetes. The health risks posed by traffic noise were estimated to be quite high in European countries. However, in Japan, no estimation has ever been conducted. In the present study, we estimated the health risk posed by road traffic noise in Japan.Methods: We estimated the risks of environmental sleep disorder (high sleep disturbance) and IHD caused by road traffic noise in Japan as of 2015 on the basis of existing noise-exposure estimates, vital statistics of deaths, and patient survey with exposure–response relationships proposed by the Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region issued in 2018. We employed old information on noise exposure in 1994 because it is the only information currently available in Japan. We also estimated the health risks of noise exposure levels that were equivalent to the Japanese environmental quality standards.Results: The estimated numbers of patients with environmental sleep disorder and IHD caused by road traffic noise were approximately 1,200,000 and 9,000, respectively. The estimated number of mortalities from IHD was approximately 1,700. The noise exposure level equivalent to the Japanese noise standards caused a lifetime mortality rate of more than 10−2, which was extremely high as an environmental health risk.Conclusions: As in European countries, road traffic noise was one of the most important environmental risk factors in Japan. However, the current Japanese noise standards are insufficient for the protection of public health.

著者

紺野 信弘

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.4, pp.645-654, 2003-01-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

82

被引用文献数

4 4

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The neurotoxicity of organophosphorus compounds (OPs) including leptophos, TOCP and triphenyl phosphite and dithiocarbamate compounds were reviewed in this study. The major neurotoxicities of OPs were acute toxicity produced by the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibiting action of OPs and delayed neurotoxicity produced by such OPs as leptophos and TOCP. The direct action of OP on the muscarinic and/or nicotinic acethylcholine receptors in the synaptic membranes have lately attracted attention in relation to acute toxicity. Delayed neurotoxicity is a delayed onset of prolonged locomotor ataxia resulting from a single or repeated exposure to an OP. Although neurotoxic esterase (NTE) inhibition might be related to the onset of organophosphate-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN), the precise mode of action is not yet clear.The effect of dithiocarbamates on the nervous system is also mentioned, because the compounds are currently suspected not only for neurotoxicity, but also as endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Although dithiocarbamates showed weak neurotoxicity in adult animals, we need to pay more attention to developmental neurotoxicity.

著者

杉本 弘子

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.709-714, 1991-06-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

11 11

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The urinary excretions of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EP) were measured to investigate the physiological effects of girdles worn by women to look attractive.1) The urinary excretion of NE was remarkably increased by the wearing of a girdle in all the subjects examined, whether living conditions and stimulations were changed or remained unchanged.2) The urinary excretion of NE was increased by wearing a girdle, regardless of the type of girdle or its intensity of compression.3) The urinary excretion of NE tended to increase more by the wearing of a bodysuit having a large area of body compression than by the wearing of a girdle having a narrow area of compression.4) The urinary excretion of NE showed no specific pattern of change, even when the subjects were accustomed to the use of a girdle.These findings may indicate that a girdle of even the best-fitting size exerts a kind of stress on the human body.

著者

上野 陽里

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.337-343, 1971-08-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

26

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The concept of a permissible dose is one appearing at a contactpoint of natural and social sciences. The permissible dose in radiation protection was adopted as a model in the present paper, reason being to analyze the concept historically and to realize and understand the process of development, as this concept has been discussed extensively in radiation protection. It is emphasized here that not only somatic but also genetic changes are included in biological responses where permissible doses are concerned. The permissible dose is being considered separately for the individual and for workmen in shops where they may contact agents concerned with the permissible dose. A decision has been reached utilizing ecological knowledge including mechanisms of dilution and concentration on a global scale. In general, the permissible dose has been estimated conceptually pivoting on the balance of benefit and injury for humans. It is extremely necessary to know for whom it is beneficial and for whom it is injurious. When discussing a permissible dose, medical staff should arrive at decisions from purely medical and biological viewpoints rather than from the viewpoint of balance.

著者

神戸 大朋

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.92-102, 2013 (Released:2013-05-29)

参考文献数

100

被引用文献数

11 9

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In recent years, a number of mammalian zinc transporters have been molecularly characterized. This has brought about major advances in our understanding of the tight regulation of cellular zinc homeostasis and the pivotal roles zinc transporters play in a variety of biological events. Mammalian zinc transporters are classified into two families: the ZRT, IRT-like protein (ZIP) family and the Zn transporter (ZnT) family. The ZIP family consists of 14 members and facilitates zinc influx into the cytosol from the extracellular and intracellular compartments. The ZnT family consists of 9 members and facilitates zinc efflux from the cytosol to the extracellular and intracellular compartments. Coordinated zinc mobilization across the cellular membrane by both transporter families is indispensable for diverse physiological functions. In this review, the features of the ZIP and ZnT families are briefly reviewed from the perspective of zinc physiology, with emphasis on recent progress.

著者

二塚 信 衛藤 光明 内野 誠

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, pp.23002, 2023 (Released:2023-07-14)

参考文献数

21

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Even today, more than 60 years after the discovery of Minamata disease, many controversies continue to arise from various viewpoints. Recently, Dr. Shigeru Takaoka has published a book entitled “Minamata Disease and the Responsibility of Medical authorities” as a summary of his and colleagues’ previous works in which he presented their objections to past academic theories. We, who were also engaged in this research at Kumamoto University, would like to address some substantial viewpoints. Drs. Nishimura and Okamoto clarified why a series of cases that were clearly Minamata disease were found only in the Minamata plant from late 1950 to 1975, even though many acetaldehyde plants have been operating in Japan for many years. Dr. Takaoka ignored this very important issue and we point out the lack of reliability of his data from their health examination of “10,000” people. From the pathology perspective, Dr. Takaoka mis­understood the location and plasticity of neurons. From a clinical viewpoint, he mentioned the poor evidence for the characteristics and courses of the patients’ clinical symptoms.

著者

白井 文雄

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.923-933, 1988-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

4 4

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In order to assess the degree of mercury poisoning in the case of occupational and environmental mercury exposure, we commonly used to measure urinary mercury concentration as an indicator. However, it was known that the normal mercury concentrations in the urine of persons who have not been exposed to mercury show a wide range of differences between individuals. The author recently conducted a study to establish the baseline inorganic mercury levels in urine by testing 48 married couples from Niigata, Japan, and investigated the relationship between daily intake of foodstuffs and the variations in urinary mercury levels.The results were as follows:1) Urinary mercury concentration averaged 2.70μg/l for the husband, 2.33μg/l for the wife and 2.51μg/l overall.2) The amount of mercury intake from daily food consumption was similar for husband and wife pairs. It was found that fish and shellfish contributed 50% of the dietary mercury (20.4μg/day a person).3) Urinary mercury concentration was highly correlated for husband and wife pairs (p<0.01). In the case of married couple samples, there was a significant correlation between urinary mercury concentration and the amount of mercury intake from fish and shellfish (p<0.05).4) Considering that (a) intake amounts of mercury from fish and shellfish formed the greater part of dietary mercury as compared with that from other food items and that (b) the form of mercury in fish and shellfish was mainly methylmercury, which has a high affinity in vivo, it cannot be denied that the primary factor in the variations in urinary mercury concentration is related to the amount of fish and shellfish consumed.

著者

今井 秀樹 水野 佑紀 Cindy Rahman AISYAH 増田 桃佳 小西 祥子

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, pp.22009, 2023 (Released:2023-06-08)

参考文献数

44

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There are several basic prerequisites for the risk assessment of combined exposures to pesticides and dioxins using human health effects as the endpoint. First, all the target chemical substances exert the same toxicity to humans through the same mechanisms. Second, there is a linear dose–response relationship between the toxicity and effects of individual chemicals. With these two prerequisites, the effects of combined exposures are estimated as the sum of the toxicities of individual chemicals. For example, the toxicities of dioxins are calculated using their toxic equivalent quantities (TEQ) by considering the assigned toxic equivalent factor (TEF) of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) set individually from their isomers and homologs. In conventional epidemiological studies, when the impact of each of multiple chemical substances is examined, methods such as multiple regression analysis or using a generalized linear model (GLM) have been used on the basis of the same prerequisites. However, in practice, some of the chemicals exhibit collinearity in their effects or do not show a linear dose–response relationship. In recent years, there have been several methods developed in the field of machine learning being applied to epidemiological research. Typical examples were methods using Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and weighted quantile sum (WQS), and the shrinkage method, i.e., using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and elastic network model (ENM). In the future, while taking into account the findings of experimental studies in biology, epidemiology, and other fields, it is expected that various methods will be applied and selected.

著者

木村 美恵子

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.95-96, 2015 (Released:2015-01-29)

著者

藤本 薫喜 渡辺 孟 湯川 幸一 坂本 淳

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.5, pp.437-442, 1968-12-31 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

8 6

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Surface area of 201 Japanese (both sexes) from infancy to old age selected statistically according to sex, age and body shape were measured and the regional rates calculated and discussed.The results are as follows:1. There was no difference between either side of the body for any age or sex.2. The rate of head, face and neck decreased while that of the lower extremities increased with aging.3. After adolescence regional rates could be differentiated between the sexes. The rates of the thigh of the female were considerably higher than that of the male.4. Body shape, rate of the head, face and neck the tendency waslowest toward obesity and highest toward slenderness. The rates of the limbs, upper and lower extremities revealed the opposite tendency to the former.5. These results vary little as compared to other studies done on Japanese. However, compared to a German oran American revealed a higher rate for limbs. The rate was definitely lower for the Westerner.6. Judging statistically the sublects and methods in this study, the regional rates of body surface described in this paper according to sex, age and body shape are acceptable to be used asastandand for the Japanese people for the study and review of all physical parts.