著者

若田 哲史 高木 幸夫 小泉 昭夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, pp.19015, 2020 (Released:2020-03-05)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

3

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Objectives: We investigated the quality of life (QOL) of patients using the Free/Low-Cost Medical Care Program, which is a system that enables people in financial difficulities to receive treatment free of charge or at a low cost. We also investigated the background charateristics and lifestyle of the patients.Methods: The subjects were 226 outpatients who used the Free/Low-Cost Medical Care Program (use group) and 226 outpatients who did not use the program (non-use group). The method was an anonymous cross-sectional servey by mail. The survey items included basic attributes, health-related QOL (HRQOL), feeling of being poor, lifestyle diseases, lifestyle, and connection with the community.Results: The number of respondants with valid responses was 97 in the use group and 85 in the non-use group. Among the basic attributes, there were a significant differense between the use group and the non-use group in the family structure, type of work, household income, and educational background. The HRQOL scores of the physical and social summary components were significantly lower in the use group than in the non-use group. The HRQOL scores of mental summary component were higher than the national standard HRQOL score in both the use and non-use groups.Conclusions: In this study, it was considered that old age affected the HRQOL scores of the physical and social components. It was considered from the HRQOL scores of the mental aspect that the use of the Free/Low-Cost Medical Care Program might have contributed to mental stability a certain to extent.

著者

龍田 希 仲井 邦彦 鈴木 恵太 黒川 修行 細川 徹 佐藤 洋

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.3, pp.189-196, 2013 (Released:2013-09-28)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 1

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Objectives: The Boston Naming Test (BNT) has been used to assess the language development of children in many epidemiology studies, and its usefulness is confirmed. The BNT consists of 60 black and white line drawings of objects and animals. There are no normative data available for this test for Japanese children. The purpose of this study was to collect normative information in Japan and to examine the correlation between the score of the BNT and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children third edition (WISC-III). Methods: The BNT was translated into Japanese and administered in children registered to the birth cohort of the Tohoku Study of Child Development at the age of 84 months. The participants for analysis in this study were 449 children (237 boys, 212 girls). Results: There were four items with percentage scores below 1%; Igloo, Knocker, Muzzle, and Yoke. Many Japanese children could answer ‘abacus’ and ‘compass’, which are difficult for US children. Although the score of the BNT correlated with IQ of the WISC-III (p<0.001), as compared with the previous studies, the correlation coefficient was low. Conclusions: The BNT is quick and easy to use and valuable for researchers in evaluating language ability in children. Since the BNT was developed in the United States, the cultural values of that country are reflected in the BNT score. This implies that the BNT should be modified to fit Japanese population.

著者

李 卿 川田 智之

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.117-121, 2014 (Released:2014-05-24)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 12

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Since 2004, we have conducted a series of studies of the effect of forest therapy on human health and established forest therapy as a new preventive strategy. We have found that forest therapy has many beneficial effects on human health. However, there is almost no study dealing with the possibility of clinical applications of forest therapy. In this review, we discuss the possibility of clinical applications of forest therapy from the following viewpoints: 1. Forest therapy can decrease blood pressure, heart rate, sympathetic nerve activity, and levels of stress hormones, such as urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline, and can increase parasympathetic nerve activity, suggesting its preventive effect on hypertension. 2. Forest therapy can also decreace the scores for anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion and increase the score for vigor in the Profile of Mood States (POMS) test, suggesting its preventive effect on mental depression. 3. Forest therapy can increase the activity and number of human natural killer (NK) cells and the intracellular levels of anticancer proteins, suggesting its preventive effect on cancers. 4. These findings suggest that forest therapy may have preventive effects on lifestyle-related diseases. However, the above preventive effects of forest therapy should be confirmed in clinical research.

著者

児玉 浩子

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.1, pp.75-82, 2018 (Released:2018-01-31)

参考文献数

44

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The deficiency or excess intake of trace elements, including zinc, copper, selenium and iodine, has often been reported. Zinc deficiency is often observed in infants fed breast milk with low zinc concentration, individuals administered chelating medicines, athletes and patients with diabetes mellitus, hepatic cirrhosis or nephrosis syndrome. Menkes disease is associated with severe copper deficiency, and there is no effective treatment. Deficiencies of selenium and iodine are observed in patients who receive special formulas of milk and enteral formula with low selenium and iodine concentrations, respectively. In contrast, neonatal transient hypothyroidism due to excess intake of iodine in pregnant women has also reported in Japan. It is expected that collaborative studies by researchers and clinicians will contribute to clarify the detail mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of these abnormalities.

著者

太田 庸起子 中野 篤浩 松本 理

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.811-817, 1992-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

4 6

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The hair from 9 children living in a Keshan disease prevalent district and from 10 children living in a Keshan disease non-prevalent district in China was analyzed. At the same time, the hair from 35 children of the same age residing in Tsukuba district in Japan was analyzed for comparison of the concentration of essential trace elements with that of children living in the Keshan disease prevalent district. Se concentration was determined by a fluorophotometric method and 16 other elements were analyzed by ICP emission spectrometry. Hg was analyzed by the heating evaporation method and by neutron activation analysis. The Se concentration in the hair of children living in the prevalent district was very low, being one-tenth that of the Japanese. The Ni concentration was particularly low in the prevalent district, and it determined to study more about the effects of Ni deficiency on health. In the prevalent district, Mg and Ca levels were low and those of Pb, Fe, Al, Ti were relatively high. Mn concentrations of both districts in China were very high when compared to the Japanese. The results of this study showed that the low Se concentration in Keshan disease is in agreement with previously reported data. Ecological factors, including nutrition were considered to be important in the etiology of this disease.

著者

山本 和子 緒方 昭 中森 靖郎 浅野 長一郎 畠中 駿逸

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.416-424, 1973-10-30 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

12

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The purpose of this paper is to make clear a comprehensive relationship between two groups of measurements of blood pressure and physical constitution. The first group of measurements include pulse rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, and the second group of measurements include height, weight, chest circumference, circumference of the upper arm and sitting height.These figures are taken from the Nutrition Survey of Japanese, including 6617 males and 8909 females, investigated in May, 1961.Appling the canonical correlation analysis, we found the following results.1) Only two canonical correlations were statistically significant.2) The value of the first canonical correlation was 0.262 for males and 0.381 for females. The corresponding canonical variables were considered as a blood pressure factor and a physical type factor, respectively.3) It seemed that, as the physical type factor changed with age, the blood pressure factor also changed proportionately.4) The value of the second canonical correlation was rather small but significant, 0.094 for males and 0.108 for females. The corresponding canonical variables seemed to be a pulse-pressure factor and a second physical type factor related to weight (positive) and chest circumference (negative).5) In addition, it was also found that the pulse rate has little to do with the physical type.

著者

中村 裕之

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.872-886, 1988-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

1

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In order to clarify the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in the responses of organisms to exposure to whole body vibration, dopamine (DA) metabolism and levels of DA-related neuropeptides: substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI), somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SRIF-LI) and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NT-LI) in various discrete regions of the rat brain were examined in the following three groups; a group exposed to whole body vibration (4G, 20Hz, 1.5 hours), a group exposed to noise (68-72 dB (A), 1.5 hours) associated with the driving of a vibration generator, and a control group. Simultaneously, changes of both rectal temperatures and plasma corticosterone levels and the development of gastric ulcers were examined as indices of the autonomic-endocrine function.1. Rectal temperatures and plasma corticosterone levels were increased by the exposure to whole body vibration, as compared with those of the group exposed to noise. Furthermore, gastric ulcers developed in all of the rats exposed to whole body vibration.2. The whole body vibration increased the DA turnover rate in the frontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens, compared with those in the noise group. SP-LI in the nucleus accumbens was also increased significantly.3. The striatal SRIF-LI was increased in the rats subjected to whole body vibration.4. SP-LI and SRIF-LI in the amygdala were increased in the whole body vibration group as compared with in the noise group. A significant increase of NT-LI was also observed in the hypothalamus.5. SP-LI was reduced and NT-LI was increased in the frontal cortex of the rats exposed to whole body vibration.6. The noise exposure caused no changes in rectal temperature, plasma corticosterone levels or gastric mucosa. However, the DA turnover in the amygdala increased significantly compared with that of the control group, suggesting that the DA neurons projecting to the amygdala were involved in emotional changes induced by the exposure to noise stress.7. The combined effects of noise and whole body vibration could not be observed in this study.In conclusion, the findings obtained in the present study indicate that DA systems in the CNS, especially the mesocortical DA system, may be involved in various responses of the organism, including emotional changes in a functional relationship with SP, SRIF and NT neuron systems in various brain regions when subjected to whole body vibration.

著者

佐藤 伸 向井 友花 嵯峨井 勝

雑誌

日本衞生學雜誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, 2008-03-01

著者

岡本 和士 柳生 聖子 大野 和子 岡本 伸夫 高橋 玲 大塚 亨 前田 清 斎藤 征夫 加藤 孝之

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.5, pp.1028-1035, 1988-12-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

39

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We examined the relationship of body fat distribution to lipid metabolism in 50 obese women who participated in a weight reduction program.Body fat distribution was assessed by measurement of the waist-to-hip size ratio (WHR), minimal waist size and maximal hip size measured in a standing position.Obese women were separated into two subgroups by WHR; predominantly upper- or lower-body-segment obesity (UBSO or LBSO).After adjusting for ideal body weight, we found significantly high correlations with WHR (r=0.82, p<0.01), serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, VLDL and ApoB, which were significantly higher in UBSO; while HDL-ch and ApoA-1 were significantly lower in UBSO than LBSO.However, in UBSO, serum triglyceride and A. I. were significantly decreased; and HDL-ch was significantly increased after weight reduction.In conclusion, we suggested that the site of fat predominance offers a better diagnostic or prognostic marker for lipid metabolism abnormality than the degree of obesity alone.

著者

砂川 武 三尾 隆弥 住野 公昭

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.500-513, 2001-07-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

1

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The oxidative decomposition of skin lipids by UV exposure and its cell toxicity were studied in vivo and in vitro, using guinea pigs, to investigate the role of oxidative damage in cell membranes and mitochondria in nuclear genome DNA damage resulting in skin cell death by ultraviolet (UV) exposure.Two new methods were developed for this research: selective methylation by trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSCHN2) of free fatty acids in crude skin lipids for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and the improvement of the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction for lipid peroxide analysis, which was obtained by adding 0.01% BHT and 1mM EDTA, an antioxidant additive, into the reaction system described by Ohkawa.The following findings were noted:1. Using an optical microscope, the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes was noted after skin tissue was exposed to UV.2. The increase of lipid peroxide in exposed areas was small. In the epidermis the increase was about 2 times higher than the non-exposed areas.3. The fragments of lipid were generated in accordance with the increase of free fatty acids (C16:0, C18:1, :2, C18:0) in the surface of the exposed skin by GC-MS precise assay, and the level of 7-dehydrocholesterol was decreased.4. The skin homogenate received peroxidation by ultraviolet more easily than living skin, and its peroxidation was inhibited with fat-soluble antioxidative agents such as flavonoids, BHT, BHA, and vitamin E and the metal chelating agent such as Fenton reaction inhibitor as expected; however, it was promoted by water soluble antioxidative agents such as glutathione and vitamin C, which are useful to the human body.5. Steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as indomethacin and aspirin, had no inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation by ultraviolet as properties of chemicals.

著者

三根 晴雄

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.8, pp.964-971, 1959-12-01 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

7

著者

福岡 秀興

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.82-85, 2014 (Released:2014-05-24)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

3 2

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Presently, the incidences of noncommunicable diseases (NCD) have been increasing in both low- and middle-income countries worldwidely. Effective long-term and multigeneration interventions to decrease the risk of NCD should be developed and introduced. The environment in utero alters phenotypes mainly through epigenetic mechanisms. The epigenetic changes induced in an unfavorable developmental environment have lifelong effects on cardiovascular and metabolic functions, susceptibility to cardiovascular disease, obesity, and other NCD. Although compared with animals, epigenetic analysis of human specimens is restricted except for peripheral blood, placental, or umbilical specimens, recently, important human studies have been reported concerning the epigenetic analysis of Line 1 gene from the umbilical blood, umbilical RXRα, or the peripheral nuclear cell IGF-2. The birth weight is an indirect marker of in-the-womb nutritional status. The incidence of low-birth-weight infants, weighing less than 2,500 g, has been increasing in Japan. Presently, it is higher than that in the latter half of the 20 s of the Showa era, and is the highest among the OECD countries. This trend suggests that in Japan the intrauterine nutritional status has been deteriorating. We have to change this trend and put much attention on the prepregnancy and pregnancy nutrition for the present and future generations.

著者

吉村 博之

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.6, pp.848-865, 1983-02-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

83

被引用文献数

1 1

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The increase in the standard population death rate from pulmonary cancer warrants attention. Three factors can be attributed to this increase: air pollution, cigarette smoking, and occupational exposure to carcinogens. The present paper reports on the results of a study of the relationship between air pollution and pulmonary cancer. Rats, mice, and hamsters were subjected to up to 12 months exposure to diluted gasoline engine exhaust containing 300±50ppm CO, 0.21ppm NO, 0.08ppm NO2, 28ppmC hydrocarbon in the form of methane and 32ppb O3. Further experimentation consisted of combined treatments with carcinogens-rats with diisopropanolnitrosamine, mice with ethylcalbamate, and hamsters with diethylnitrosamine to determine whether the incidence of tumors would increase. No animals exposed exclusively to exhaust gas diveloped pulmonary tumors, indicating that exhaust caused no lung tumorigenesis. However, the frequency of pulmomary tumors increased in animals subjected to combinations of exhaust and carcinogens. The incidence of malignant pulmonary tumors in the rats group exposed for 12 months to carcinogens only was 8.7%, while that in the group exposed to the combination was 30.3%, with the rates for mice 72.7% as against 91.7%, and for hamsters, 3.8% as against 10%. The results indicate that gasoline engine exhaust increases the development of lung tumors, and that exhaust plus other carcinogens significantly increases the risks.

著者

小山 洋 佐藤 雅彦 遠山 千春

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.4, pp.624-635, 2003-01-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

90

被引用文献数

2 1

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As the last manuscript in our series of review articles on cadmium (Cd) and health effects, we reviewed research articles on epidemiologic and experimental studies on exposure levels of Cd in occupational and environmental settings in various countries, disposition and body burden of Cd, critical concentrations of Cd in the kidney of humans and animals with a focus on biomarkers for renal dysfunction, and life expectancy in Cd-polluted areas and reference areas. After this manuscript was compiled, cadmium levels in rice crops received significant attention, since the risk assessment of cadmium is now under review and discussion by the Joint Expert Committee of Food Additives and Contaminants organized by the Food Agricultural Organization and World Health Organization in 2003. We hope that the information compiled in this review may provide directions for future studies on the health risk assessment of Cd.

著者

平澤 恭子

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.1, pp.46-50, 2018 (Released:2018-01-31)

参考文献数

11

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Over the past few decades, advances in neonatal medicine have increased survival rates among very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) babies. Despite improvements in short-term outcomes, there is increasing concern about the probability of mild cognitive dysfunction in this population. Our analysis of VLBW babies born in our hospital revealed that the incidence of mild developmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) at the age of 3 years is 7.2%, which is markedly higher than the 2.8% incidence of ASD in the general population. Because problems related to ASD or ADHD tend to become more prominent as children grow up, the ages at diagnosis of developmental disorders are generally 6 years or above. Thus, in our follow up study of VLBW babies at age 6, the incidence of these developmental disorders had risen to 30%. These patients are apparently obstinate and difficult to train, causing parental problems with child care. It is important to support these children and help them establish good relationships with their parents. Given these problems, it is necessary to follow up VLBW children in the longterm, at least until they are elementary school students.

著者

森岡 郁晴 田渕 優奈 高橋 侑子 織田 侑里子 中井 正美 柳瀬 安芸 渡津 千代子

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.115-121, 2011 (Released:2011-02-25)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

8 9

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify the contamination of mobile phones shared in hospital wards and its relationship with the consciousness and behavior of nurses about biological cleanliness. Methods: Samples from mobile phones were cultured to detect viable bacteria (n=110) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=54). A questionnaire survey was conducted on 110 nurses carrying mobile phones on the day of sampling. Results: Viable bacteria were detected on 79.1% of the mobile phones, whereas S. aureus was detected on 68.6%. All the nurses were aware of hand washing with water or alcohol after regular work, but 33.6% of the nurses were not conscious of hand washing with water or alcohol after using a mobile phone. There was a significant positive relationship between the frequency of using mobile phones and the number of hand washings with water or alcohol. A significant negative relationship was found between the detection of viable bacteria and the number of hand washings with alcohol. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the detection of viable bacteria was related significantly with the number of hand washings with alcohol (Odds ratio, 0.350; 95%CI, 0.143–0.857) and that the detection of S. aureus was related significantly with the frequency of using mobile phones (Odds ratio, 0.183; 95%CI, 0.036–0.933). Conclusions: It is important to be conscious of the fact that mobile phones shared in hospital wards are easily contaminated. Because hand washing with water or alcohol prevents the contamination of the mobile phones, nurses should take standard precautions after using mobile phones.

著者

砂田 毅 加藤 智雄 谷戸 恵子

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.5, pp.325-338, 1966-12-10 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

23

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Japanese goldfish is adequate for toxicity testing in the field because of low cost and easiness in lethal effect testing compared with commonly used laboratory species such as mice or rats. 24-hr TLm for many food additives, poisons and inorganic compounds in goldfish were measured, and we demonstrated its usefulness for the field test in case like the powdered milk poisoning case which had occurred in Japan in 1955 with more than ten thousands injureds babies and one hundred and thirty deaths owing to contamination of preservatives added to milk with arsenic compounds. Further, by this method, lethal effects of mixed chemicals could be easily observed. For such an example, increased toxicity of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in the presence of pentasodium tripolyphate was demonstrated.

著者

津金 昌一郎

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.775-784, 1992-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 3

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Over a million people of Japanese origin reside in South America. However, only a limited number of studies on their health status and lifestyle factors affecting it have been carried out. The author and his co-workers have been conducting a series of field surveys on the health situation and lifestyle factors in Japanese immigrants and their descendants in various areas of South America.The subjects of the first-phase study were residents in four agricultural settlements (colonies) in the suburbs of Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia. The levels of minerals and heavy metals in the hair were measured, and significant variations were found in several elements. These different levels were found to be regulated by the environmental level of their living place and by the dietary pattern.In the second-phase study, several health-related indicators such as blood pressure, anthropometric features, viral infection markers in sera, and dietary pattern were investigated in two group of immigrants, one from Okinawa and the other from the mainland of Japan, both living in Bolivia. Differences in health situation and lifestyle were identified between them. Traditional habits seen in their original places of residence in Japan still existed in their life in Bolivia, while the introduction of Bolivian lifestyle was prevalent among them.Although the number of Japanese residents in Brazil is largest in the world outside of Japan, little has been known about their health situation. The subjects of the third-phase study were Japanese Brazilians. A descriptive epidemiologic study was carried out, and the mortality and incidence of cancer were determined. Some changes in disease pattern were noted when compared with Japanese in Japan, but these changes were not as marked as in the case of Japanese in the U. S.. A cross-sectional study on the lifestyle factors of Japanese residents in São Paulo showed some differences in health-related indicators and dietary habits in comparison with Japanese living in five areas of Japan. Such differences were also found among Japanese in São Paulo according to the place of origin in Japan.These series of studies in Japanese immigrants in South America showed the importance of lifestyle factors, especially dietary habits, for the health situation.

著者

長澤 徹 野村 恭子 竹之下 真一 平池 春子 土谷 明子 大久保 孝義 冲永 寛子

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, pp.18033, 2019 (Released:2019-06-13)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

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Objectives: In academia, harassment may often occur and remain unrevealed in Japan, which discourages young researchers from pursuing their career. It is necessary to estimate and improve the perception of “academic harassment” among university faculties. Therefore, in this study, we aim to develop a scale of perception of academic harassment.Methods: Prior to a quantitative survey, a task team consisting of medical doctors, researchers, nurses, hospital workers, and managers in general affairs division identified 36 items related to academic harassment. In February 2016, we sent a self-administered questionnaire to 1,126 academic faculty members who worked in a medical university located in Tokyo, Japan. We instructed them to score the extent to which they consider each item as related to academic harassment based on a Likert scale. We carried out maximum likelihood factor analyses with promax rotation and computed Cronbach’s alpha to develop a scale and investigate the reliability of the scale.Results: In total, 377 returned the questionnaires (response rate, 33.5%; male, 73.8%). In factor analyses, we removed 17 items owing to low factor loadings, and four factors were eventually extracted. The first factor was termed “Harassment in organization (7 items)” because it included conditions of forcing a particular person to work on chores or lectures for students that may prevent one’s academic research outputs. The second factor was termed “Violence and denying personal character (4 items)”. The third factor was termed “Research misconduct (5 items)” including conditions of excluding a particular person from the coauthor list of research outputs or pressuring a person to fabricate, falsify, or plagiarize research outputs. The fourth factor was termed “Research interference (3 items)” including a condition of interference with conference attendance. Cronbach’s alpha values of these four factors ranged from 0.83 to 0.91, suggesting that the scale had high reliability. The means of these factors did not differ according to gender but were higher in participants aged 50 or older than in younger participants.Conclusions: The results suggest that the scale of perception on academic harassment consisting of four factors with 19 items is valid and reliable to some extent.

著者

関 明彦 瀧川 智子 岸 玲子 坂部 貢 鳥居 新平 田中 正敏 吉村 健清 森本 兼曩 加藤 貴彦 吉良 尚平 相澤 好治

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.4, pp.939-948, 2007-09-15 (Released:2008-05-16)

参考文献数

130

被引用文献数

14 19

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‘Sick house syndrome’ (SHS) is a health issue that closely resembles sick building syndrome (SBS) that had occurred in European countries. The aim of this review is to clarify the characteristics of SHS by reviewing previous reports rigorously. We propose the definition of SHS as “health impairments caused by indoor air pollution, regardless of the place, causative substance, or pathogenesis”. Cases of SBS are reported to occur predominantly in offices and sometimes schools, whereas those of SHS are usually found in general dwellings. In many cases, SHS is caused by biologically and/or chemically polluted indoor air. Physical factors might affect the impairments of SHS in some cases. It is considered that symptoms of SHS develop through toxic, allergic and/or some unknown mechanisms. Psychological mechanisms might also affect the development of SHS. It is still unclear whether SBS and SHS are very close or identical clinical entities, mostly because a general agreement on a diagnostic standard for SHS has not been established. Previous research gradually clarified the etiology of SHS. Further advances in research, diagnosis, and treatment of SHS are warranted with the following measures. Firstly, a clinical diagnostic standard including both subjective and objective findings must be established. Secondly, a standard procedure for assessing indoor air contamination should be established. Lastly, as previous research indicated multiple causative factors for SHS, an interdisciplinary approach is needed to obtain the grand picture of the syndrome.