著者

吉田 勝美 松田 弘史 武藤 孝司 桜井 治彦 近藤 東郎

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.935-940, 1990-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

19

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長期の体重変動が,肥満の健康影響を評価する上で,関心を呼んでいる。体重の増加量が及ぼす健康影響は知られるものの,体重増加の時間的経緯による健康影響については,ほとんど知られていない。本研究の目的は,体重増加の時間的経緯として,増加速度がもたらす健康影響を評価することである。某企業の1,627名男子従業員の中から,次の基準により,解析対象を選択した。選択基準は,以下のごとくである。1)対象者は,少なくとも20回以上の健康診断を受診している。2)対象者は,青年期より7kg以上の体重増加を認める。上記の基準により,437名が選択された。対象者の年齢は,46.2±5.1歳(M±S.D.)であった。体重の増加速度により,対象者を以下の3群に分けた。急速体重増加群は,5年間に5kg以上の増加を認めた者であり,167名が分類された。緩徐体重増加群は,5年間に5kg未満の体重増加を認めた者であり,212名が分類された。観察期間中に,一時的な体重減少を認めた残りの58名は,その他の群として,以下の解析から除外した。現時点の比体重を補正したMantel-Haenszel odds比は,空腹時血糖の有所見(110mg/dl以上)に関して,急速体重増加群で有意に高かった。また,体重増加速度以外の要因を含めたロジスティック解析の結果では,空腹時血糖の有所見に関するロジスティック式に,年齢とともに体重増加速度が取り込まれ,体重増加速度のodds比は,2.86(95%C.I.:1.35-6.06)であった。血圧,総コレステロール,中性脂肪,尿酸の有所見の発現に関して,体重増加の有意な関係は認めなかった。以上より,青年期から7kg以上の体重増加を認めた者において,体重増加速度が糖代謝異常の発現に関連していることが示され,体重増加速度が有する健康危険指標の意義が確認された。

著者

緒方 洪平 六鹿 鶴雄

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.3-4, 1948-02-01 (Released:2009-04-03)

著者

松浦 康之 高田 宗樹

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.2-11, 2016

被引用文献数

1

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The use of stereoscopic images has been spreading rapidly. Nowadays, stereoscopic movies are nothing new to people. Stereoscopic systems date back to 280 A.D. when Euclid first recognized the concept of depth perception by humans. Despite the increase in the production of three-dimensional (3D) display products and many studies on stereoscopic vision, the effect of stereoscopic vision on the human body has been insufficiently understood. However, symptoms such as eye fatigue and 3D sickness have been the concerns when viewing 3D films for a prolonged period of time; therefore, it is important to consider the safety of viewing virtual 3D contents as a contribution to society. It is generally explained to the public that accommodation and convergence are mismatched during stereoscopic vision and that this is the main reason for the visual fatigue and visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) during 3D viewing. We have devised a method to simultaneously measure lens accommodation and convergence. We used this simultaneous measurement device to characterize 3D vision. Fixation distance was compared between accommodation and convergence during the viewing of 3D films with repeated measurements. Time courses of these fixation distances and their distributions were compared in subjects who viewed 2D and 3D video clips. The results indicated that after 90 s of continuously viewing 3D images, the accommodative power does not correspond to the distance of convergence. In this paper, remarks on methods to measure the severity of motion sickness induced by viewing 3D films are also given. From the epidemiological viewpoint, it is useful to obtain novel knowledge for reduction and/or prevention of VIMS. We should accumulate empirical data on motion sickness, which may contribute to the development of relevant fields in science and technology.

著者

早川 清子

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.6, pp.526-535, 1972

被引用文献数

15

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第1編で報告した分析法を用いて, 3ML, 3EL, 4ML, 4ELを投与したラッテ, マウスにおける臓器中の4AL, 3ALの生体内動態を検討した。<br>4ML投与ではラッテの3ML臓器分布はマウスに比べて著しく低く, 4ELではラッテ, マウスではその差はあまり大きくなかった。ラッテでは臓器からの3ALの減少がマウスに比べておそい。これは4ALが一たん3ALになって臓器にたくわえられるとそれはなかなか減少しがたいことを示した。<br>またマウスに4ML, 4ELを投与した場合, 体内においてこれらが3ML, 3ELへ分解する速度の割合を検討した。4MLは2日後に体内の3ML量が最高に達して投与量のほぼ50%が3MLに変化した。一方4ELは3日後に約30%が3ELに変化した。この場合, 投与溶媒により体内への吸収速度が異なるので体内量が最高に達する時間も異なる。4MLはマウスに毒性が強いのに対して, ラッテは弱く, 4ELはマウスとラッテであまり差がみとめられなかったが, わずかにラッテに強い傾向を示した。<br>加鉛ガソリン使用作業者はその接触度に応じて尿中のアルキル鉛が検出される。このことから尿中のアルキル鉛の測定を行なうことにより4ALによる暴露度を知り, 健康管理の一指標とすることができる。

著者

千葉 百子 大道 正義 稲葉 裕

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衞生學雜誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.4, pp.572-579, 1999-01-15

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

10

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This report reviews the biological effects and case reports of suicidal or accidental ingestion of, and occupational exposure to sodium azide. Ingested doses of sodium azide were estimated for the 6 survival and 4 fatal cases studied. The lowest dose among survival cases was 5-10mg. The patient reported headache, sweating, and faintness within approximately 5 minutes of ingestion. Four victims ingested 20 to 40mg and recovered within 2 hours. However, a man who took 80mg reported chest pain for 6 months after ingestion. The smallest doses among fatal cases were 0.7-0.8g for women and 1.2-2g for men. All victims suffered from hypotension, tachycardia, hyperventilation, diaphoresis, vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea. There is no antidote for sodium azide. Detoxicants for cyanide such as sodium nitrite or thiosulfate were tried, but were unfortunately, ineffective. Sodium nitrite may worsen the hypotension caused by sodium azide, and is not recommended. Occupational exposure to sodium azide is thought to be common, however, fatal exposure is rare. NIOSH &ldquo;Recommended Exposure Limits&rdquo; for sodium azide is 0.3mg/m³.

著者

李 卿 川田 智之

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.117-121, 2014

被引用文献数

13

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Since 2004, we have conducted a series of studies of the effect of forest therapy on human health and established forest therapy as a new preventive strategy. We have found that forest therapy has many beneficial effects on human health. However, there is almost no study dealing with the possibility of clinical applications of forest therapy. In this review, we discuss the possibility of clinical applications of forest therapy from the following viewpoints: 1. Forest therapy can decrease blood pressure, heart rate, sympathetic nerve activity, and levels of stress hormones, such as urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline, and can increase parasympathetic nerve activity, suggesting its preventive effect on hypertension. 2. Forest therapy can also decreace the scores for anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion and increase the score for vigor in the Profile of Mood States (POMS) test, suggesting its preventive effect on mental depression. 3. Forest therapy can increase the activity and number of human natural killer (NK) cells and the intracellular levels of anticancer proteins, suggesting its preventive effect on cancers. 4. These findings suggest that forest therapy may have preventive effects on lifestyle-related diseases. However, the above preventive effects of forest therapy should be confirmed in clinical research.

著者

平良 昌彦

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.461-489, 1975-10-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

4 4

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水俣病の原因物質は熊大の研究でメチル水銀と断定された。その後の日本全土にわたる水銀汚染調査の過程でこのメチル水銀は, 水銀の人為的汚染のない一般魚類や一般人毛髪中にも見出された。とくに外洋のマグロに含まれる水銀の60∼70%がメチル水銀であり, またスエーデンでは, 魚類の水銀含量が異常に高いことも報告され, このような自然界に見出されるメチル水銀の由来と人類への影響を公衆衛生学的な見地より解明する目的で微生物による無機水銀の有機化の機序と生物濃縮の過程を微生物学的, 生態学的両面から検討した。すなわち, 水銀耐性の Psedomonas 属の菌を下水より分離し, この細菌による有機水銀の生合成, 分解について検討し, ついで水銀鉱床地帯, 土壌, 河川, 海水中の微生物, ある種の真菌類も有機水銀の生合成能を有することをみつけ自然界における無機水銀の有機化の可能性を肯定した。さらに有機水銀の生成度の検討と生合成メチル水銀がどの程度生物濃縮の過程を介して魚類に蓄積するのか生態学的手段を導入して検討し, 生合成メチル水銀が, 食物連鎖により濃縮が行われ, 魚類に高い水銀値を示すことはあるが, 水俣病の場合のように異常量のメチル水銀の持続的流出のないかぎり中毒 (水俣病) を起こすほどのメチル水銀が魚類に蓄積することはない。だから異常に高い水銀を魚介類から検出したときはなんらかの人工的汚染を疑い対策を講じる必要がある。

著者

豊嶋 英明 林 千治 宮西 邦夫 若井 静子 榎 佐和子 熊谷 秀子 上村 桂

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.659-666, 1989

被引用文献数

1 5

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Serum retinol and tocopherol concentrations in 419 males and 478 females, aged 10 to 49 years, were determined by an HPLC method. Then their relationships to serum lipid concentrations and smoking and drinking habits were examined. Retinol levels were higher in males than in females but tocopherol showed little difference by sex. The sex differences in age-related serum levels of retinol and triglyceride (TG) were similar to those of tocopherol and total cholesterol (TC), respectively.<BR>Retinol had a significant correlation with TC and TG, with coefficients of 0.20-0.29 (p<0.001). These were smaller than those of tocopherol (R=0.32-0.52, p<0.001) both in males and females, suggesting that it had a higher susceptibility to factors other than serum lipids than tocopherol did.<BR>Both the retinol and tocopherol levels were significantly higher in the groups with smoking and drinking habits than in the groups without them among the males aged 30 years and over. Furthermore, the retinol level was positively dependent on the daily consumption of both cigarettes and alcohol, whereas tocopherol was dependent on the consumption of alcohol. Multiple regression analysis showed that smoking and drinking habits had statistically significant effects on the serum retinol level independent of other factors and that their effects were greater than those of TC and TG. Tocopherol was affected most by TC and TG and then by drinking habit. Less significant but similar results were obtained for the females of the same age group.<BR>Since smoking and drinking habits, known to be carcinogenic, was related to increases in the serum levels of retinol and tocopherol, it would appear to be necessary to study the relationship of these serum levels with tissue levels of vitamins A and E to examine their protective effects against carcino- and atherogenesis.

著者

武藤 剛 横山 和仁 遠藤 源樹

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.200-209, 2018 (Released:2018-05-31)

参考文献数

82

被引用文献数

5 8

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Japan is currently facing serious social problems related to low birth rates and aging. We propose two possible solutions from the perspective of occupational health. First, companies should establish support systems to help working women with pregnancy and childbirth. Such systems would require the cooperation and understanding of coworkers, including men, and the introduction of flexible work schedules that are also designed to allow workers to care for family members with disabilities. Additionally, with regard to the protection and promotion of the fertility of working women, occupational health staff members should provide education to working women regarding appropriate lifestyle choices in areas such as diet, prevention of work-related health problems, and mental health before and after childbirth. Moreover, workers undergoing assisted reproductive technology procedures should be supported as they experience physical, mental, and economic burdens associated with this process. Second, companies should guarantee the right of workers to take a sick leave and then return to work so they can balance work and the need to treat chronic conditions. Occupational staff members should follow up employees who return to work, by offering, for example, mental health care to cancer survivors. They should also play important roles in preventing the exacerbation of disease and empowering workers to continue their visits to medical institutions. Collaborative study bridges between companies and medical institutions are necessary for the promotion of these harmonization schemes.

著者

中川 武夫 小野 雄一郎 久永 直見 岩田 全充 柴田 英治 金田 誠一 小林 章雄 鷲見 勝博 森谷 光夫 森 正樹

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.3, pp.724-735, 1988-08-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 1

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We examined the relationship between muscle injection of drugs into the quadriceps and its contracture.Subjects were children who had received medication at a clinic during the period from January 1967 to December 1970. Among the patients of the clinic, a high incidence of quadriceps contracture had been observed during the period.As basic data, we took the results of interviews with the subjects, the results of clinical examinations for quadriceps contracture, and medical records of the subjects which had been kept in the clinic.The following results were obtained.1) There were no abnormalities among the subjects who had never been injected in the quadriceps muscle. The incidence and the severity of quadriceps contracture were closely related to the total amount of the drugs injected into the muscles.2) The total numbers of injections of the following drugs were significantly larger in subjects with symptoms of contracture than in subjects without any symptoms.The drugs were Terramycin (Ox-tetracycline), Obelon (Sulpyrin, Aminopropyrin, Theoclate diphenyl pyralin), Chloromycetinsol (Chloramphenicol), Atarax-P (Hydroxyzin hydrochloride), Gammavenin (immuno-Globlin), Panvitan (Vitamin A-D), 10%-Pantocin (Pantethine) and Phenobarbital (Phenobarbital natrium).3) It was revealed by means of quantification theory type II analysis that the main attributable factors of muscle contracture might be the age when the subjects had been injected for the first time, the total number of Terramycin+Obelon injections, and the experience of injection of 10% Pantocin or Phenobarbital, but sex and the year of the beginning of injection might be ignored.Discrimination based on these results between the two groups, a normal group and a moderate or more severe symptomatic group showed reasonable sensitivity and specificity.

著者

中村 健一 高田 勗 鈴木 永子 杉浦 由美子 小林 てるみ

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.6, pp.851-857, 1981-02-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

19

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An experiment using rats was carried out to evaluate the effects of calcium deficiency on the interaction of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) in vivo.Eighty-four female rats were divided into two groups. One group was fed a calcium-sufficient diet (normal Ca group), and a second group was fed a calcium-deficient diet (low Ca group). These two groups were divided into 4 subgroups. The diet of subgroup I was supplemented with 50μg/g of Cd, that of subgroup II with 50μg/g of Zn, and that of subgroup III with 50μg/g of Cd and Zn, Subgroup IV served as the control group.After 5 months on this regimen, the rats were killed and metal levels in the liver, the right kidney, the blood and the femur were analyzed. The left kidneys were examined histopathologically.The results were as follows:1) Growth retardation was observed in the low Ca group especially in subgroups I and III.2) Whereas renal Cd concentrations in subgroup I were higher than those in subgroup III for the normal Ca group, the reverse was found in the low Ca group. Similar findings were also observed in the cases of renal Zn and Cu.3) Zn in the liver increased with the administration of Cd in the low Ca group. Zn levels in the blood of the low Ca group were higher than those in the normal Ca group.4) Ca in the femur decreased with the administration of Cd in the normal Ca group. For the low Ca group, Ca concentrations in each subgroup were lower than those of each corresponding subgroup of the normal Ca group. Ca/P ratios of the low Ca group and of the metal administered subgroups in the normal Ca group were lower than those of subgroup IV in the normal Ca group.5) No significant histopathologic changes in the kidney were found in the normal Ca group but slight changes were observed in some animals of the low Ca group regardless of which metal was administered.From these results, the interaction of Cd and Zn on renal accumulations of Cd has been shown to be disturbed by a Ca deficient condition.

著者

佐守 信男 東 義夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.5, pp.321-326, 1957

著者

岩崎 秀哉 井奈波 良一 岩田 弘敏

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.654-659, 1994-08-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

10 4

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The maxium biting force in 82 male athletes and 12 male subjects without any particular athletic activity (nonathletes) were measured in order to evaluate the relationship between biting force and physical fitness in athletes.The results obtained were as follows.1. The maximum biting force in athletes (50.8±17.4kg) was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that in the nonathletes (28.1±9.1kg). The maximum biting forces in the men who belonged to the rugby or judo clubs were predominantly higher than in other subjects.2. In men who masticated on the left side of the mouth, the habitual (i. e., left) biting force was significantly higher than the nonhabitual (i. e., right) biting force.In men who masticated on the right side of the mouth, the habitual (i. e., right) biting force was also higher than the nonhabitual (i. e., left) biting force, but was not significantly so.3. There was a significant positive correlation between the biting force and grip strength and back strength in athletes. In athletes, there was a significant correlation between biting force and the numbers of chin-ups, the numbers for the side-step tests and the time for 50m running.

著者

中路 重之 坂本 十一 菅原 和夫 岩根 覚 太田 昌徳 森 文平

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.628-637, 1993

被引用文献数

2 4

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Based on the result of the Aomori Nutrition Survey, we have calculated daily dietary fiber (DF) intake using modified Southgate and Prosky methods. Result obtained were as follows: DF intake in Aomori was 23.7&plusmn;8.4g by the modified Southgate method, and 22.2&plusmn;8.5g by the modified Prosky method. As for supply sources of DF, 32.3% was from grains; 22.7%, vegetables; 15.6%, beans; and 7.8%, fruits calculated by the modified Southgate method, and 31.3%, vegetables; 19.0%, grains; 18.0%, beans; and 11.6%, fruits by the modified Prosky method. As to types of DF, intake of hemicellulose was 11.5&plusmn;4.2g, cellulose 7.8&plusmn;3.0g and lignin 4.4&plusmn;2.3g. In the group with DF intake below 10.0g, DF came mainly from grains and fruits, while the group with DF intake above 30.0g took DF from various foods.

著者

松井 清夫 坂本 弘 堀尾 清晴 佐藤 広文

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.5, pp.693-698, 1978-12-30 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

3 2

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騒音暴露時の副腎皮質機能変動に関しては機能上昇と低下の所見が交錯して報告されている。それは暴露音の強さと暴露時間の差異にもとづくのではないかと推察される。本報では広帯域騒音を60, 80, 100dB (c) で8時間暴露し, その経過中の数時点で副腎重量, 副腎中11-OHCS濃度および cholesterol 濃度を測定した。また, 8時間暴露後15分間無騒音の状態においた後に15分間100dB (c) の騒音に再暴露して, 同様の観察項目の測定をおこなった。さらに, 8時間暴露終了直前にACTHまたは histamine を投与し, それらに対する副腎反応性も観察した。次のような結果を得た。1) 騒音暴露により副腎11-OHCS濃度は急速に上昇し, 15分で最高値に達した後ただちに低下し対照群と同一水準に復帰する。暴露がなお継続されているが, 復帰後は対照群と同様に正常日内変動リズムを示す。2) 8時間暴露終了時点における副腎11-OHCS濃度は, 対照群および各音強暴露群間で有意の差は認められなかった。3) 8時間暴露後15分間無騒音の状態においた後に100dB騒音を15分間再暴露すると, 80dB群では副腎11-OHCS濃度は再び上昇する。しかし, 8時間100dB暴露群では有意な上昇はみられなかった。4) 8時間暴露終了直前にACTH投与をおこなうと, 対照群および各暴露群ともに副腎11-OHCS濃度は有意に上昇した。5) 8時間暴露終了直前に histamine を投与すると, 対照群, 60dB暴露群および80dB暴露群では副腎11-OHCS濃度は有意に上昇するが, 100dB暴露群では上昇がみられなかった。6) 副腎中 cholesterol 濃度は, 8時間暴露終了時頃80dBおよび100dB暴露群で有意な減少がみられた。7) 副腎重量はすべての実験および群で有意な変化はみられなかった。以上の結果から, 副腎皮質機能日内変動とストレス反応とでは支配中枢が異なること, 強音暴露時にはストレス反応がみられるにとどまらず中枢支配状況の異常が出現することについて考察した。

著者

久保田 恵

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.317-327, 2003-09-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

7 5

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One of the main focuses of lifestyle modification for the prevention of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in Japan is improvement in dietary calcium intake. However, virtually no randomized controlled trial to assess the preventive effects of administration of calcium on the risk of fractures has been conducted in Japan. In this study, we reviewed all the scientific papers currently available from medical literature databases to propose evidence-based recommendations on the preventive procedures for osteoporosis. The result of the present systematic review gives the evidence showing that calcium supplementation or optimal dietary calcium intake increases bone density in childhood and adolescence and reduces the risk of fracture due to osteoporosis in the elderly people regardless of the gender. The evidence also supports the current health policy guiding the elderly to increase their dietary calcium intake in daily life.

著者

関 奈緒

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.535-540, 2001-07-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

24 29

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The purpose of this study was to determine lifestyle factors in the elderly that affected longevity, using a population-based prospective study. The participants were 440 men and 625 women aged 60 to 74 living in a rural Japanese community. The baseline data such as age, sex, present illness, walking hours per day, sleeping hours per day, alcohol consumption, a history of smoking, and “ikigai” (meaningfulness of life) were collected in July 1990. During 90 months of follow-up from July 1990 to December 31 1997, there were 123 deaths. By Cox's multivariate hazard model adjusted age, sex, and medical histories, walking≥1 hour/day (HR=0.63, 95% CI 0.44-0.91) and an “ikigai” (HR=0.66, 95% CI 0.44-0.99) lowered the risk for all-cause mortality independently. In regard to hours of sleep, the cumulative survival curve showed that 7 hours/day was the border and sleeping≥7 hours/day lowered the risk (HR=0.49 95% CI 0.33-0.74). Based on the findings in this study, walking≥1 hour/day, sleeping≥7 hours/day, and “ikigai” are important factors for longevity in the elderly.

著者

長井 紀乃 島 正吾 森田 邦彦 栗田 秀樹 吉田 勉 鵜飼 弥英子 森 紀樹 荒川 友代 谷脇 弘茂

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.5, pp.1014-1020, 1989-12-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3 3

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The effects of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) on the humoral immune response were studied by two indexes of specific IgM antibody production against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and polyclonal IgG antibody production in the spleens of mice intraperitoneally injected with cobalt chloride or nickel chloride.An experiment for the effect of both metals on specific IgM production was carried out by measuring IgM plaque-forming cells in the spleens of mice intraperitoneally injected with both metal salts using 1/10, 1/100 or 1/200 of LD50 for i. p. injection three times every other day and were immunized with SRBC on the day of the last injection of each metal salt. The other experiment for the effect of both metals on polyclonal IgG production was done by measuring, on days +3 or +6 in relation to the last injection of metal salts, polyclonal IgG-forming cells in the spleens of mice injected with both metal salts using 1/10 or 1/100 of LD50 for i. p. injection three times every other day by the reverse plaque-forming method.The following results may be drawn from this study:1. Co may cause changes in the homeostasis of humoral immune response even more than affecting the immune system with immunotoxicity as antigenicity.2. On the other hand, Ni may have antigenicity even more than an acting as immunomodulator influencing the immune system.

著者

西岡 笑子

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.178-184, 2018

被引用文献数

7

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<p>In this paper, we describe the historical transition of sexuality education in Japan and the direction of sexuality education taken by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Reproductive health/rights, a key concept in sex education, is also discussed. In Japanese society, discussion on sexuality has long been considered taboo. After the Second World War, sexuality education in Japan began as "purity education." From 1960 until the early 1970s, physical aspects such as genital organs, function, secondary sexual characteristics, and gender differences were emphasized. Comprehensive education as a human being, including physiological, psychological, and social aspects, began to be adopted in the late 1970s. In 2002, it was criticized that teaching genital terms at primary schools and teaching about sexual intercourse and contraceptive methods at junior high schools were "overdue guidance" and "extreme contents." Sexuality education in schools has become a problem and has stagnated for about 10 years. Currently, schools teach sexuality education that does not deviate from the MEXT course guidelines. The direction of MEXT regarding sexuality education should be examined from the basic position that sexual activity by children is inappropriate. Reproductive health/rights apply the concept of human rights to sexuality and reproduction. Reproductive health/rights are key concepts that support sex education and women's health.</p>

著者

嵯峨井 勝

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, pp.19004, 2019 (Released:2019-08-20)

参考文献数

83

被引用文献数

3 8

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Recently, the main air pollutant has been fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which is taken up by the whole body with severe adverse health effects. The main chemical components of PM2.5 are salts of sulfate (and nitrate) and carbons. However, it remains unknown which components are toxic. Here, the author reviewed the literatures to determine which components are toxic and the main mechanisms underlying their toxicity. Many epidemiological studies have shown that sulfate concentration is strongly related to mortality. However, there is no experimental evidence showing that sulfate at environmental concentrations of PM2.5 causes cardiovascular disease or other disease. On the other hand, carbon components such as elementary carbon (EC) produces high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via its phagocytosis by macrophages, and organic carbon (OC) also produces high concentrations of ROS during its metabolic processes, and the ROS cause acute and chronic inflammation. They cause many diseases including cardiovascular disease, asthma and cancer. Furthermore, there are many lines of evidence showing that epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation or microRNA expression induced by particulate matters also induce the development of many diseases such as those mentioned above. It has been reported that carbon components are incorporated into the brain and produce ROS, and that the ROS cause damage to brain cells and Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive disorders in the elderly.From these lines of evidence, the author would like to emphasize that the main toxicity of PM2.5 is due to carbon components, and it is important to take countermeasures to decrease the concentration of carbon components in ambient air.