著者

垂水 公男 萩原 明人

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.67-71, 2013 (Released:2013-05-29)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 1

---

In order to examine the cost-benefit of mental health care activities in the workplace, the total costs of the fiscal year 2005, during which the old-type mental health care was conducted, and those of the fiscal years from 2006 to 2008, during which the new-type mental health care was conducted according to the governmental guidelines of each year, were compared using about 3,000 workers in a particular workplace in 2005. The total cost comprised the sum of the medical fees, the payment compensation for sick absences, and expenditures for health care activities of mentally ill health workers. The total costs from 2006 to 2008 were not markedly different from those in 2005, and the benefit due to new-type activity was not shown. However, the following was found: payment compensation for sick absences accounted for 60% of the total cost; personnel expenses which were a large part of the expenditure of health care activities largely changed over the years because of the age structure of the staff in charge. The results show that a cost-benefit analysis may be a useful tool for examining health care activities in the workplace for various members in the workplace although health care issues usually tend to be solved by specialists.

著者

金子 信也

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.199-204, 2014 (Released:2014-09-24)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2

---

Objectives: The health management of truck drivers has long been considered extremely important from the perspective of prevention of diseases and traffic accidents. Today, truck drivers may have various underlying health problems, including psychological burden caused by deregulation with the enforcement of the Trucking Business Act, rising fuel costs, and even economic stagnation. In this study, we investigated the mental health of individuals working in transportation and logistics sectors, which ensures the secure supply and sound development of safe and high-quality transportation services. Methods: To ascertain the mental health status in this population, we used the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ30), an assessment of mental health and currently the general health questionnaire most widely used by the department of psychosomatic medicine and other clinical departments. Results: Although the mean GHQ30 score of all the subjects in this study was below the cutoff point of 6–7, which separates individuals with mental health problems from those who without 30% of the subjects were classified as having mental health problems, revealing the need for routine screening of the mental health status and severity of symptoms of truck drivers. Conclusions: There is growing recognition of the importance of establishing mental healthcare services in the workplace because of the sharply increasing number of applications for workers’ compensation due to suicides from overwork. In this study, 16.7% of truck drivers expressed suicidal thoughts, indicating that it is necessary to conduct follow-up surveys of the mental conditions of truck drivers in order to put in place appropriate mental health measures.

著者

眞野 喜洋

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.6, pp.938-944, 1987-02-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

19

---

Decompression sickness (bends) is generally considered to be due to the effects of bubbles which originate from supersaturated gas dissolved in the blood and other tissues.The bubbles in the tissues are formed from pre-exisiting gas nuclei. The gas initially diffused into the gas nuclei in the tissue and is then forced out by decompression, depending on the difference between the inside tension of the gas nuclei and the surrounding tension of the tissue.Mammalian gelatin samples were first used according to this theory by LeMessurier in 1972 as a model in the etiology of bends, and further careful research has been carried out by Beckman, Yount, Mano and their co-workers. Mano et al. have evaluated the relative effectiveness of standard decompression tables in reducing bubble formation using the agarose gel bubble technique under rigorously controlled conditions.Bubble formation is mainly due to the decompression ratio, accompanied by hyperbaric exposure; however, the variation of exposure temperatures also influences the formed bubbles even though there are no decompression steps.Therefore, to understand the relation between the temperature and bubble formation, research was undertaken. This bubble work is composed of two groups of experiments. One involved saturation experiments, and the relation between the number of bubbles and different saturation pressures was obtained as a regression line. The temperature was controlled at 20.0±1.0°C.In the other experiments, the environmental temperature was changed between 5 and 30°C. Agarose gel samples, with 15 cells in a set, were exposed to the same bottom pressure but the environmental temperature was varied in each set of conditions.The number of bubbles was counted in each sample and the cells were heated to 30°C for 30min and bubble counting was then done. The exposure time at the bottom pressure was 30, 60, or 120min in the non-saturation experiments and 6 hours in the saturation experiments. The phenomena of bubble formation according to the variations of the temperature were investigated in detail, and, eventually, significant regression equations could be obtained with good relations in all defferent conditions of hyperbaric exposure.This result gives us much information on bubble formation phenomena, which can aid us in carrying out our basic research on decompression sickness, especially as concerns the influence of environmenal temperature, although there are differences between in vitro and in vivo phenomena. Moreover, the standard decompression table by the Ministry of Labour could be evaluated by this bubble counting technique. The safety of the table was questionable, and it was recognized that the table was not necessarily correct. This research will be applied to various fields of diving or compressed air work in the future.

著者

柳田 亮 小川 洋二郎 水落 文夫 鈴木 典 高橋 正則 岩崎 賢一

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.417-422, 2012 (Released:2012-06-26)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

---

Objective: Altitude training is frequently used for athletes requiring competitive endurance in an attempt to improve their sea-level performance. However, there has been no study in which the mechanisms by which spontaneous arterial-cardiac baroreflex function changes was examined in responders or nonresponders of altitude training. The purpose of this study was to clarify the different effects of altitude training on baroreflex function between responders and nonresponders. Methods: Twelve university student cross-country skiers (6 men, 6 women; age, 19±1 years) participated in the altitude training in a camp for 3 weeks, which was carried out in accordance with the method of Living High-Training Low. Baroreflex function was estimated by transfer function analysis before and after the training. Results: The responders of the training were 3 men and 2 women, and the nonresponders were 3 men and 4 women. In the responders, the transfer function gain in the high-frequency range significantly increased after the training (28.9→46.5 ms/mmHg p=0.021). On the other hand, no significant change in this index was observed in the nonresponders (25.9→21.2 ms/mmHg p=0.405). Conclusion: As indicated by the results of transfer function gain in the high-frequency range, the baroreflex function in the responders increased significantly after the altitude training, whereas no significant change was observed in the nonresponders.

著者

安藤 満

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.5, pp.947-953, 1990-12-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

---

Chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC11) lasts for an average of 74 years in the atmosphere, CFC12 for an average of 111 years, and CFC113 for an average of 90 years. Every CFC molecule destroys thousands of molecules of stratospheric ozone.Recently, the extent of the Antarctic ozone hole has been recognized. The depletion of stratospheric ozone may lead to increase ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation.UV-B radiation has many damaging effects on human health, such as snow blindness, cataract and skin cancer. UV-B radiation also suppresses the immune defenses against certain infections.While it is difficult to estimate the numerical effect on the basis of epidemiologic data in the U. S. A., UNEP and WHO estimate that for every 1% decrease in stratospheric ozone, there will be between a 0.3 to 0.6% increase in cataract. They also estimate that for every 1% depletion of ozone, the incidences of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma will increase 2.7, 4.6 and 0.6%, respectively. There is also concern that increased UV-B radiation might lead to an increase of the incidence and severity of infectious diseases due to suppression of the immune system.Since the data on UV-B exposure are extremely limited, it is necessary to confirm the incidence rate of skin cancer in various countries in relation to UV-B exposure.

著者

工藤 陽子 庄本 正男 武田 真太郎 横尾 能範 佐守 信男

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.378-385, 1976-06-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

11 5

---

In Japan a nationwide survey of school children's physical growth has been carried out by the Ministry of Education every year since 1900 except the years of World War II. An attempt was made to elucidate the growth acceleration in height by making use of the statistical date of the above-mentioned survey. The maximum growth age (MGA) in height was taken as an indicator of the growth acceleration. The results were as follows:1. MGA in height was found to be gradually going down since before the war. The growth acceleration in the prewar years was found to fit a straight line. In the postwar years, the growth acceleration of boys born in the 1950's proceeded along the regression line based on the prewar acceleration rate.2. Lowering of MGA in height of boys and girls born after the war was found to fit Gompertz and logistic curves. The postwar growth acceleration with its point of reference at the end of the war was remarkable: MGA in height went down by 2.0 years for boys and 1.5 years for girls in 25 years. This period, however, should be regarded as a convalescent stage after the repression of growth due to the war.3. If the postwar growth acceleration was to be taken as a part of the whole phenomenon in gradual progress since before the war, as it actually was, the rate of acceleration for boys was 0.2 year per 10 years.4. In the case of girls, the growth acceleration in the prewar years was slower than that of boys, and the progress in the postwar years surpassed the regression line based on the prewar rate. The prewar slower rate for girls as compared to boys can be attributed to a situation peculiar to Japanese social background. In the prewar days, girls' place was lower than boys' in both social and home life and this fact may have affected repressively on the physical growth of girls.5. The growth acceleration is likely to proceed for some time to come but a prediction on the phenomenon must wait for further investigation.

著者

坂本 峰至 板井 啓明 村田 勝敬

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.3, pp.140-148, 2017 (Released:2017-09-21)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

10 19

---

Methylmercury, the causative agent of Minamata disease, can easily penetrate the brain, and adult-type Minamata disease patients showed neurological symptoms according to the brain regions where the neurons, mainly in the cerebrum and cerebellum, were damaged. In addition, fetuses are exposed to methylmercury via the placenta from maternal fish consumption, and high-level exposure to methylmercury causes damage to the brains of infants. Typical patients with fetal-type Minamata disease (i.e., serious poisoning caused by in utero exposure to methylmercury) were born during the period of severe methylmercury pollution in 1955–1959, although they showed no abnormality during gestation nor at delivery. However, they showed difficulties in head control, sitting, and walking, and showed disturbances in mental development, these symptoms that are similar to those of cerebral palsy, during the growth periods after birth. The impaired development of fetal-type Minamata disease patients was one of the most tragic and characteristic feature of Minamata disease. In this review, we first summarize 1) the effects of prenatal methylmercury exposure in Minamata disease. Then, we introduce the studies that were conducted mainly by Sakamoto et al. as follows: 2) a retrospective study on temporal and regional variations of methylmercury pollution in Minamata area using preserved umbilical cord methylmercury, 3) decline in male sex ratio observed in Minamata area, 4) characteristics of hand tremor and postural sway in fetal-type Minamata disease patients, 5) methylmercury transfer from mothers to infants during gestation and lactation (the role of placenta), 6) extrapolation studies using rat models on the effects of prenatal methylmercury exposure on the human brain, and 7) risks and benefits of fish consumption.

著者

古瀬 民生 若菜 茂晴

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.97-100, 2018 (Released:2018-05-31)

参考文献数

15

---

Objectives: The developmental origins of health and disease paradigm (DOHaD) is a concept that fetal environmental factors affect adult phenotypes. We performed experiments to evaluate the DOHaD theory in developmental disorders using mouse models.Methods: In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer techniques were used for mouse production. The AIN93G-control diet, which contains 20% protein (CD), 5% protein-restricted diet (PR), and PR with supplemental folic acid (FA) were provided as experimental diets to mothers. The body weights (BWs) of mothers and offspring, and the blood-clinical biochemistry results of mothers were examined. In addition, gene expression and genomic methylation in the brain of adult offspring and behavioral phenotypes of adult offspring were examined.Results: Pregnant mothers that consumed the protein-restricted diets, namely, PR and FA, exhibited reduction in BW. The values of protein-related parameters determined by blood-clinical biochemistry decreased in the PR fed groups. The BWs of neonates and adult offspring did not change. The offspring exposed to maternal hyponutrition exhibited increased activity in the home cage and enhanced fear and anxiety-like behavior. The adult offspring of the PR-fed group and FA-fed groups exhibited different patterns of mRNA expression and genomic methylation in the brain.Conclusions: The maternal PR diet affected the progenies’ behavioral phenotypes and epigenetic outcomes in the brain. However, the behavioral changes induced by maternal protein restriction were very slight. Hence, interactions between several genetic factors and environmental exposures such as maternal malnutrition may cause developmental and psychiatric disorders.

著者

永田 久紀 三宅 正雄 米田 幸雄 佐々木 武史 門脇 一郎 稲垣 宇女乃

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.5, pp.629-632, 1959-08-01 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

17

著者

吉田 宗弘

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.485-491, 2012 (Released:2012-10-25)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

10 11

---

It has been recognized that chromium is an essential trace element associated with carbohydrate metabolism, and chromium deficiency causes an impaired glucose tolerance. Recently, however, Vincent et al. have reported that chromium is not an essential trace element. In the present report, the author evaluated the nutritional essentiality of chromium by reviewing several previous reports. In almost all previous reports, the chromium concentration in the animal feed used was higher than 0.1 μg/g, and it is difficult to consider that the experimental animals were in a low-chromium state. In addition, the amount of chromium administered to the animals for the improvement of glucose tolerance was at a pharmacological level, and corresponded to a level that far exceeded the human daily chromium intake (20 to 80 μg/day). On the other hand, recent research has clearly shown that feeding with a severely low-chromium diet (0.016 μg/g) does not impair glucose tolerance. The amount of chromium absorbed in humans estimated from chromium intake (20 to 80 μg/day), chromium absorption rate (1%), and urinary chromium excretion (<1 μg/day) is less than 1 μg/day, which is much lower than those of other essential trace elements. In addition, because there is an inconsistency between the chromium concentration in food and chromium intake, chromium intake seems to be dependent on chromium contamination during food processing and cooking. It is concluded that there is a high possibility that chromium is not an essential trace element.

著者

溝田 友里 山本 精一郎

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.84-89, 2012 (Released:2012-03-07)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Objectives: This study sought to determine the implications of smoking cessation/prevention policy in college students. Methods: We conducted an internet survey to investigate the attitude of recruitment officers in a company concerning acceptance evaluation and smoking of applicants. Results: Among 838 respondents, more than one-half had unfavorable impressions when they saw new employees or college students smoking. Among the respondents, 3.7% answered that their companies had already introduced the policy of considering smoking status during acceptance evaluation to be acceptance policies, and 14.3% answered that this introduction is under consideration. Among the remaining 687 respondents, 7.6% answered that it can be included in the acceptance policies in the future and 45.7% answered it will not be included in the policies but can be considered during acceptance evaluation itself. Regarding their personal impression, 30% have experienced the case in which smoking status might have affected acceptance and 48.7% answered that it might affect acceptance in the future. Conclusions: Our study clarified that smoking status affected acceptance evaluation by recruitment officers in not a little cases although smoking status is not included in formal acceptance policies. Considering that there are only a few countermeasures for smoking among college students, job hunting activities can be a good opportunity for smoking cessation/prevention among them in collaboration with companies, colleges, and policy makers.

著者

森河 裕子 中川 秀昭 田畑 正司 西条 旨子 千間 正美 北川 由美子 河野 俊一 寺西 秀豊 城戸 照彦

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.6, pp.1057-1062, 1992-02-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3 2

---

We studied an outbreak of itai-itai disease in the Jinzu River basin, in Toyama, Japan. One hundred and fifty females recognized as itai-itai disease patients till by 1990 were studied for the ages and years of onset and residence in the cadmium-polluted area.1. Cases were recognized from as early as 1929, increased gradually to the peak of 1955-1959 and rapidly decreased up to the 1970s.2. It was found that the later the patients was born, the younger the age of onset, though there was no difference of ages of onset between the cases born in the 1910s and the cases born from 1920.3. The onset of itai-itai disease was most frequently seen at 50-59 years of residence in the cadmium-polluted area. It was found that the later a person started to inhabit the cadmium-polluted area, the shorter the period of residence in the cadmium-polluted area up to onset of itai-itai disease.4. Comparing the patients who inhabited the cadmium-polluted area from birth and those who had moved there from non-polluted areas, the age of onset was higher in the latter, but there were no significant differences in the period of residence up to onset.From these findings, it appeared that itai-itai disease was not caused by aging, but by cadmium exposure starting from the 1910s.

著者

川村 晃右 中井 あい 山田 和子 森岡 郁晴

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.21007, 2021 (Released:2021-11-05)

参考文献数

33

---

Objective: In this study, we aimed to clarify the transition to the implementation of smoking prohibition at eating and drinking establishments one year before and after April 2020, the time when they became “nonsmoking” in principle following the implementation of the amendment bill for the Health Promotion Act of Japan.Methods: The total number of nonsmoking/smoking eating and drinking establishments by industry were obtained using the data from “Tabelog®.” The number of people who tested positive for COVID-19 by the polymerase chain reaction test on the day of the survey nationwide and the bankruptcy status of the companies (eating and drinking establishments, etc.) for each month were ascertained.Results: In 2020, a state of emergency was declared owing to the increase in the number of people positive for COVID-19, and many eating and drinking establishments went bankrupt. Despite these circumstances, the number of nonsmoking eating and drinking establishments exceeded that of smoking establishments in March 2020 and continued to increase thereafter. Additionally, the number of nonsmoking “restaurants” increased and exceeded that of smoking restaurants in June 2020. The number of nonsmoking “cafes” already exceeded that of smoking “cafes” at the beginning of this survey and continued to increase. The number of nonsmoking “bars” increased, but that of smoking “bars” remained high.Conclusion: It is necessary to promote measures against passive smoking while paying attention to the trends for different types of eating and drinking establishments, rather than considering all establishments together.

著者

高井 英司 青柳 隆大 市川 敬太 松浦 康之 木下 史也 高田 宗樹

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, pp.20012, 2022 (Released:2022-03-18)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2

---

Objectives: Olfactory stimulation elicits various physiological responses. However, few reports exist on the changes in gastric motility during olfactory stimulation in humans. In this regard, we carried out electrogastrography (EGG) to non-invasively measure the gastric myoelectrical activity, which regulates gastric motility. Moreover, subjective sensory evaluation was performed to determine which characteristics of vanilla odor at two different concentrations affect the myoelectrical activity.Methods: The participants consisted of eight healthy young males. EGG and electrocardiography (ECG) recordings were obtained approximately 20 min prior to and during olfactory stimulation. Autonomic nervous system activity was evaluated in terms of heart rate variability (HRV) and mean heart rate (HR) from ECG signals. EGG signals were analyzed by spectral analysis. In addition, the translation error was estimated by the Wayland algorithm. Sensory evaluation was performed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).Results: There were no significant differences in HRV and HR values and results of spectral analyses of EGG signals in all sample presentations. The translation error of EGG signals and the rating of perceived odor intensity significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner. There was a strong positive correlation between translation error and odor intensity.Conclusions: The correlation found between translation error and odor intensity suggests that the higher the vanilla odor intensity was perceived, the greater the randomness of EGG signals was. Our results suggest that the application of the Wayland algorithm to EGG signals can be used as an objective indicator in odor evaluation.

著者

熊谷 幸恵 森岡 郁晴 吉益 光一 冨田 容枝 宮井 信行 宮下 和久

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.636-641, 2008 (Released:2008-06-13)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

4 3

---

Objective: To investigate the relationships of self-reported physical health, social and spiritual satisfactions with subjective mental health according to gender and life stage. Methods: Self-reported questionnaires with questions regarding subjective health status and lifestyles were sent to 1905 community residents aged 20 years or older selected by random sampling in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Subjective mental health, physical health, social and spiritual satisfactions as measures of subjective health status were assessed using a visual analogue scale. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the subjective mental health and the other three components of the subjective health status with adjustment for life style factors related to the subjective mental health in the subjects without missing values of relevant factors (n=1,752). The subjects were divided into three life stages depending on their ages: young (20–39), middle (40–59), and old (60 or more). Results: Overall, the poor statuses of the three components, namely, physical health, social and spiritual satisfactions, were significantly associated with poor mental health in both genders at any life stage. However, detailed analysis revealed some interesting characteristics. In young men, social dissatisfaction was strongly associated with poor mental health whereas spiritual dissatisfaction in addition to social dissatisfaction was strongly associated with poor mental health in young women. In the middle aged group, both social and spiritual dissatisfactions were strongly associated with poor mental health in both genders. On the other hand, poor physical health status was strongly associated with poor mental health in the old aged group. Conclusions: These results suggest the importance of the mental health interventions under consideration for each life stage and gender.

著者

川村 晃右 山田 和子 森岡 郁晴

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.3, pp.379-387, 2018 (Released:2018-09-29)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

2 5

---

Objectives: The purposes of this research were to investigate the hazardous effects of heat-not-burn tobacco and to clarify the health effects accompanying the transition from cigarettes to heat-not-burn tobacco.Methods: The concentrations of carbon monoxide, ammonia, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and dust (hazardous substances) were measured in the smoke of heat-not-burn tobacco. Twenty-nine smokers were used as the subjects. The concentrations of hazardous substances were measured in exhalation of heat-not-burn tobacco. The concentration of cotinine in saliva was also measured after the transition. A questionnaire survey was performed before and after the transition to evaluate nicotine dependence, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and smoking behaviors.Results: In the mainstream smoke, all hazardous substances investigated were detected. Carbon monoxide and dust were detected in the exhalation of heat-not-burn tobacco. The concentration of cotinine in the saliva of heat-not-burn tobacco users corresponded to that of cigarette smokers. Cigarette smoking was significantly positively related to the score of Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Heat-not-burn tobacco was significantly positively related to FTND and Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) scores. The group in which the number of heat-not-burn tobacco sticks consumed increased after transition showed a smaller number of cigarettes consumed and a higher MNWS score before transition than the group in which it decreased after transition. These two factors were significantly related to the difference between the numbers of cigarettes and heat-not-burn tobacco sticks in multiple linear regression analysis.Conclusions: The mainstream smoke of heat-not-burn tobacco contains harmful substances. There were the possibilities that nicotine dependence and nicotine withdrawal symptoms appear after transition and that the number of heat-not-burn tobacco sticks consumed increases.

著者

吉葉 繁雄

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.565-572, 1984

被引用文献数

20

---

<i>Conus</i>-sting, 55 cases, including 21 fatalities caused by about 20 species of <i>Conus</i> as of Aug. 1982. Among the 21 fatalities, 18 cases were caused by <i>C. geographus</i>. The fatality rate associated with this species has reached 55.3% in Japan and 66.7% in the world. <i>C. geographus</i> is therefore considered to be the most dangerous snail belonging to the genus <i>Conus</i>. This fact is also proven experimentally by comparison of the lethal dose within 1 hour (LD_1h) of the venom of this species (CGV) in various animals. Results show the values of LD_1h of crude CGV are 1.3mg/kg in mice, 4mg/kg in chickens and 0.09mg/kg in goldfishes. These values represent the lowest value of venoms in various species of <i>Conus</i> examined by the author.<br>However, it is impossible to estimate the lethal dose (even not LD_1h) in humans directly by means of experiment. Therefore the lethal dose for humans was estimated by means of 1) examination of the records of <i>Conus</i>-stings in the world and 2) measurement of the quantity of CGV thought to be injected into a victim by the snail.<br>1) From an analysis of the record of <i>Conus</i>-stings collected by Shirai (June 1982) and 3 cases investigated by the author (Sep. 1982) it can be concluded that <i>C. geographus</i> injects in one attack crude CGV in ammount corresponding to LD₇₀ in humans. Consequently, it was fatal in the cases of small men or children stung by large snails and death came within 40 minutes to 5 hours after the sting but larger men stung by smaller snails were saved.<br>2) It has already been proven by the author that <i>C. geographus</i> injects its venom only in the amount charged within a single radular tooth into the victim according to its predatory behavior. As a result of the measurement of the volume of capacity of a single radular tooth from <i>C. geographus</i> in several sizes, the amount of raw crude CGV which would be injected into a human was converted into 0.06 to 0.2mg in dry weight.<br>Thus the lethal dose of CGV in humans was estimated to be 1 to 3&mu;g/kg. However in 2 cases of <i>geographus</i> cone-stings which occured in Okinawa on Jul. 22 and Aug. 17 in 1982, both doses of CGV are presumed to be only 0.2 and 0.5&mu;g/kg respectively according to the estimation in this report. Yet the patients fell into severe paralysis of voluntary movement accompanied by disturbance of speech and dyspnea. They subsequently recovered in a hospital aided by medical treatment.

著者

佐藤 英介 井上 正康

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.4, pp.606-614, 2002-01-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

15

---

Mammalian tissues have large amounts of available ATP which are generated by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. To maintain the body, large amounts of oxygen are required to regenerate the ATP molecules. A small fraction of the inspired oxygen is converted to superoxide radicals and related metabolites even under physiological conditions. Most reactive oxygen species react rapidly with a variety of molecules, thereby interfering with cellular functions and various diseases.

著者

平工 雄介

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.105-109, 2018 (Released:2018-05-31)

参考文献数

23

---

In Japan, the prevalence of low birth weight (< 2,500 g) has been increasing, probably owing to leanness, exposure to toxic chemicals and smoking. Epidemiological studies revealed that low birth weight poses risks of hypertension, coronary heart diseases and diabetes. Although the precise mechanism has not been understood, there is an urgent need for appropriate public health interventions. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small RNA consisting of approximately 22 nucleotides and distributed in a wide variety of organs and body fluids. miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases and expected to be their potential biomarkers. The interest on the study on miRNA in the research field of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) has been growing, and the number of related papers has been increasing. There are several molecular epidemiological studies on the relationship between maternal miRNA and fetal development. The effects of smoking and dietary factors on miRNA expression and fetal development have been investigated in epidemiological and experimental studies. However, the role of maternal miRNA in fetal development has not been well understood so far. In this review, the current status of studies on miRNA expression in DOHaD research is described and future perspectives are discussed.

著者

青山 英康 大平 昌彦 太田 武夫 吉岡 信一 吉田 健男 大原 啓志 和気 健三 柳楽 翼 五島 正規 小野 昭雄 藤田 征男 合田 節子 深見 郁子 板野 猛虎

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.5, pp.468-471, 1970-12-30 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

---

The authors have already reported the results of epidemiological studies of SMON in the town of Yubara, Japan.Recently, the Ministry of Health and Welfare ordered pharmaceutical companies to stop production and sale of all drugs containing chinoform, since it was revealed by the Committee on SMON that attack rates of SMON could be related to ingestion of chinoform.The authors compared the attack rate of persons who had taken chinoform with that of persons who had not.It was noted that the morbidity of gastrointestinal diseases and allergic diseases among SMON patients was higher than that of the control group.Results are as follows:1. SMON patients had not taken chinoform at home.2. SMON patients usually had taken less medication for their gastrointestinal diseases than the control group, in spite of a higher morbidity of gastrointestinal diseases among them than that of the control group.3. Accordingly, the increased attack rate of SMON might be related to administration of chinoform while in the hospital and not related to ingestion at home.4. Chinoform is a very popular drug. For this reason careful attention must be given to dosage and method of administration as well as indications to determine relationship in the etiology of SMON.5. Careful attention should also be given to the physical conditions of patients being treated with chinoform.6. If persons in the control group were subjected to a detailed investigation there is some possibility many may be found to be using chinoform contained medications.