著者
小椋 康光
出版者
一般社団法人日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.69, no.2, pp.136-145, 2014 (Released:2014-05-24)
参考文献数
98
被引用文献数
5 7

Copper (Cu) is an essential metal for living organisms that utilize oxygen for respiration and is required as a cofactor of redox-regulating enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin, lysyl oxidase, tyrosinase, and dopamine β-hydroxylase. However, the redox-active property of this metal may have toxic effects on cells due to the generation of harmful reactive oxygen species. Given these circumstances, it is said that cells have a dependable system for Cu homeostasis that efficiently distributes this essential metal to cuproenzymes, thereby preventing damage to proteins, nucleic acids, sugars, and lipids. In particular, influx, efflux, and intracellular distribution with maintenance of the oxidation state of Cu are strictly regulated. Several groups of Cu-regulating factors have been identified in mammalian cells, i.e., Cu transporters, Cu chaperones, Cu-binding proteins/peptides, and others. In this review, the features of the Cu-regulating factors are concisely examined in terms of molecular mechanisms underlying Cu homeostasis in cells.
著者
加藤 貴彦 佐藤 実
出版者
一般社団法人日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.75, pp.20005, 2020 (Released:2020-11-05)
参考文献数
69
被引用文献数
1

Immunity, which denotes the protection of multicellular organisms against various bacterial and viral infections, is an essential protective mechanism for living organisms. Allergy is a reaction to a foreign substance existing in the environment that is basically not a component of the self. Additionally, autoimmune diseases are associated with the dysfunction in the recognition of self and non-self, and are pathological conditions caused by immune cells attacking their own tissues and cells. In this paper, we outline the current status of immunity with respect to the environment from the epidemiological perspective with regard to the following: (1) evolution and immunity, (2) allergy, (3) autoantibodies, (4) autoimmune diseases, (5) relationships of immunity with the environment, allergy, autoantibodies, and autoimmune diseases, and (6) celiac disease.
著者
森岡 郁晴 宇田 賀津 山本 美緒
出版者
一般社団法人日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.3, pp.242-248, 2015 (Released:2015-09-26)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
3 3

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify the contamination and cleaning of touch panels used in everyday life and the awareness of persons in charge and users of devices about contamination. Methods: Samples from touch panels were cultured to detect viable bacteria (n=132), Staphylococcus aureus (n=66) and Escherichia coli (n=64). A questionnaire survey was conducted on persons in charge and users of the devices on the day of sampling. Results: Viable bacterial cells were detected in more than 90% of the automatic teller machines (ATMs) at banks, the ticket machines at stations, and the copy machines at convenience stores. S. aureus and E. coli were detected in more than one-half of such devices examined. The detection rate of viable bacterial cells in smartphones was 57.5% and was lower than those in other devices. More than 65% of the ATMs, ticket machines, and copy machines were cleaned once or twice a day. More than one-half of the users of smartphones or button-type mobile phones did not clean their devices. Those who did not aware about the contamination of touch panels were 46.6% of the persons in charge and 38.2% of the users. Conclusion: It is necessary to examine the suitable number of times and methods of cleaning of touch panels and to raise the awareness of persons in charge or users of such devices about contamination.
著者
渡辺 真言
出版者
The Japanese Society for Hygiene
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.6, pp.512-525, 1971-02-28 (Released:2009-03-31)
参考文献数
50

There was a relatively high incidence of group O persons among those affected by influenza A2 infection as previously reported by McDonald and Zuckermann. However, experimental proof of their statistical survey has not been obtained. The object of this study was to show the participation of ABO blood group substance and its antibody in influenza A2 infection.(1) Blood group substances of egg grown influenza viruses were studied by means of the agglutinin-inhibition test and the elution test. Concentrated, washed and methanol treated suspension of influenza viruses did not inhibit the activities of anti-A, anti-B and anti-H agglutinins. The elution test was then carried out by means of using the virus particles adhered on paper strips. The strips were sensitized with sufficient amounts of anti-A (human), anti-B (human) or anti-H (Ulex europaeus) at a low temperature, and washed with chilled normal saline. Excessively bound agglutinins were then liberated from the strips by heating up to 50°C for 20min. The presence of only anti-H agglutinin was proved in thus obtained eluates. This result indicates the content of blood group H substance in influenza A2 virus. The H substance in influenza B virus was also certified by this test method, but its quantity was assumed to be less than that of A2. For the purpose of assuring the H substance, chickens were immunized with concentrated influenza A2 (Hongkong) virus with incomplete Freund's adjuvant. In the sera of 3 out of 5 chickens, a relatively weak complete anti-H and Eisler's agglutinin were determined to have been produced.(2) After the cessation of influenza A2 (Hongkong) epidemic in 1969, 455 individuals' adult human blood samples were collected to determine blood groups, the presence or absence of complete anti-H agglutinin and the titer of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer for A2 (Hongkong) virus.Results obtained were:1) No correlation was found between the range of HI titer and the classification of blood groups, ABO, MN, P, Rh and Lewis.2) Incidence of complete anti-H agglutinin in influenza vaccine recipients' and non-recipients' sera were very similar.3) Incidence of complete anti-H agglutinin and HI titer in the sera of influenza A2 (Hongkong) vaccine non-recipients was compared. Frequency of the sera showing HI titer of 1:4 or higher were less in the group of anti-H positive group relative to the anti-H negative group. X2 test of the result, however, showed no significant difference. (Probability≈0.1)(3) Based on the results of the present study, it was assumed that the anti-H agglutinin in nasal or tracheal secretions of group A, B and AB persons could adhere to H substance of influenza A2 virus to inhibit its growth.
著者
塚本 和正 町田 和彦 稲 恭宏 栗山 孝雄 鈴木 克彦 村山 留美子 西城 千夏
出版者
日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.4, pp.827-836, 1994-10-15 (Released:2009-02-17)
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
6 9

動物の過密飼育(crowding)は,心理社会的なストレッサーとされているが,従来の方法は飼育面積を一定にし,個体数のみを変化させているため,個体数の増加と1匹あたりの占有スペースの狭少化という2つの要因が複合されたものであるといえる。そこで本研究ではケージ内の個体数とケージのサイズの両方を変化させるという方法をとり,免疫能に及ぼす影響を追求した。またケージ内の動物の構成メンバーの変化が及ぼす影響についても検討を加えた。実験1ではマウスをまずケージあたり4匹ずつに分けて14日間馴化飼育し,その後ケージあたり4匹(Control群),小スペースあたり4匹(Crowding-I群),ケージあたり16匹(Crowding-II群)の計3群に無作為に分け7日間飼育を行った。結果は以下の通りであった。(1) 体重に群間で有意差は認められなかった。(2) 総白血球数に有意差は認められなかったが,Crowding-II群にリンパ球百分率の有意な低値,そして好中球百分率および絶対数の有意な高値が認められ,ストレッサーの継続負荷による白血球構成比の変動が示唆された。(3) 好中球NBT還元能ではCrowding-II群に低値を示す傾向が観察され,細菌貪食能ではCrowding-II群に有意な低値が認められた。一方Crowding-I群では,NBT還元能,貪食能ともにCrowding-II群ほどの低下は認められなかったが,いずれもControl群とCrowding-II群の中間の値を示す傾向がみられた。これらの結果から,個体数の増加によるマウス相互間の心理社会的要因の複雑化がストレッサーとして重要な意味をもつことが示唆された。実験2ではマウスをまずケージあたり5匹ずつに分けて14日間馴化飼育し,その後ケージあたり5匹(Control群),小スペースあたり5匹(Crowding-(1)群),ケージあたり20匹(Crowding-(2)群)の3群に分けたが,Control群とCrowding-(1)群はケージ内のマウスの数と構成メンバーは馴化飼育と同一にし,ケージへの移動のみを行った。群分け後2日目に抗原としてSRBCを腹腔投与し,7日間飼育を行った。結果は以下の通りであった。(1) 体重にはいずれの時期も有意差は認められなかった。(2) 特異免疫反応として測定したPFCおよび抗SRBC抗体価は,群間に有意差は認められなかった。なおマウスの産生した抗体はIgMであると考えられた。(3) 血漿中のIgM濃度に有意差は認められなかったが,Crowding-(1)群が高値を示した。またIgG濃度では,Crowding-(1)群に有意な高値が認められた。(4) 好中球NBT還元能は,エンドトキシン刺激時では有意差は認められなかったがCrowding-(2)群が低値を示し,細菌刺激時ではCrowding-(2)群に有意な低値が認められた。また好中球の細菌貪食能においてもCrowding-(2)群に有意な低値が認められた。一方Crowding-(1)群はControl群に比べて,有意差は認められなかったがいずれも高値を示した。このように,マウスの構成メンバーを変えず飼育面積の狭少化のみを施して過密にした場合は,同様にマウスの構成メンバーを変えなかった対照群に比べ,免疫能が亢進する傾向が観察された。一方ケージ内の個体数を増やして過密にした場合は,条件設定は実験1とは異なるが,好中球機能の顕著な低下が認められた。本研究は7日間という短期間のストレス負荷の結果であり,今後より綿密な実験デザインを設定し長期間の検討を行いたいと考えている。
著者
松嶋 紀子 森田 徳子 尾方 希 佐伯 圭吾 松田 亮三 車谷 典男
出版者
The Japanese Society for Hygiene
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.4, pp.674-681, 2003-01-15 (Released:2009-02-17)
参考文献数
39
被引用文献数
1 1

Objectives: To investigate the diurnal rhythm of live births labored spontaneously, and the effects of obstetric intervention on birth time distributions.Methods: The data of live births tabulated by time (one-hour intervals), date and birthplace throughout Japan between 1981 and 1998 were obtained with permission from the former Ministry of Health and Welfare. Together with an investigation of hourly birth numbers by place in each year, an annual transition of hourly birth rates in medical institutions and the diurnal rhythm of birth numbers in maternity homes and at home were analyzed using regression analysis.Results: In every calendar year studied the hourly live birth numbers at hospitals showed a singlepeak distribution pattern with maximum values at 13:00-15:00. The annual transition of hourly birth rates showed a 10% (birth numbers base) decrease in the 11:00-13:00 period in 1998 as compared with that in 1981, while there was a corresponding increase of 8% in the 13:00-15:00 period. Hourly birth numbers at clinics showed a double-peak distribution pattern with maximum values during the 11:00-12:00 and 14:00-15:00 periods in early 1980, while a single-peak distribution with a maximum value during the 13:00-15:00 period appeared in 1989 and has remained thereafter. Hourly birth rates (birth numbers base) increased by over 6% in the 13:00-15:00 and 17:00-20:00 periods over the past 18 years, while they decreased by 10% in the 9:00-13:00 period. The results at maternity homes were clearly different from those at hospitals and clinics. The live birth numbers totaled for the 18 years showed a double-phase distribution with a maximum value in the 6:00-7:00 period and a minimum value in the 19:00-20:00 period. The best-fit regression model for the obtained data was a sine curve with a maximum value at 6:00 (coefficient of determination 0.97). Hourly distributions of live births at home also fitted best to a sine curve with the maximum value again at 6:00 (coefficient of determination 0.95).Conclusions: The results suggested that the timing of spontaneous live births follows a circadian rhythm and that obstetric intervention affects time distributions of live births by shifting over 10% of births during the night and early morning to a working day service time (9:00-17:00).
著者
宮崎 航 盧 渓 小田 政子 黒田 嘉紀 青木 一雄 三渕 浩 大場 隆 加藤 貴彦
出版者
一般社団法人日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.2, pp.138-148, 2016 (Released:2016-05-27)
参考文献数
24

Objectives: The incidence of infant allergic diseases have increased recently, and it may be caused by multiple influences of both genetic and environmental factors from the fetal stage through infancy. In this study, we analyzed a data subset from the South Kyushu and Okinawa (SKO) Study Area of Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) to determine the relationship of allergic diseases in infants with mothers’ characteristics and/or infants’ life habits, especially sleeping. Methods: A total of 3873 mother-infant pairs from the SKO Regional Center of JECS were included. The mothers responded to questionnaires in the first trimester of their pregnancy and the self-reported questionnaire when their infants were 1 year old. Student’s t-test, chi-square test, trend test, and logistic regression analysis were carried out to analyze the associations between the infants’ allergic diseases and the mothers’ genetic characteristics and/or sleeping habits of infants. Results: Maternal allergic diseases were significantly associated with increased infant allergy risk (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.63–2.27). The number of allergic diseases of mothers was also significantly associated with infant allergy, and the trend test showed an increasing risk of infant allergy (p<0.001). Regarding infants’ life habits, the infants who sleep in the prone position had a higher allergic disease risk than those who sleep in other positions (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.17–1.83). These significant associations were observed regardless of the presence of allergy in mothers. Conclusions: This study suggests that the development of allergic diseases in infants may be caused by the multiple participation of both genetic and environmental factors.
著者
北村 栄美子 萩原 隆子
出版者
The Japanese Society for Hygiene
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.5-6, pp.472-476, 1970-02-28 (Released:2009-08-24)
参考文献数
10
被引用文献数
1 1

Different theories have been proposed as to the original causes of Myopia. These include heavy literary work, heredity, eye strain as well as some kinds of illumination and the habits of sleeping. Other theories have proven negative. Since the end of World War II the percentage of myopic students has increased with a present percentage of 15%. This includes the upper class student of primary schools, 28% and over for all junior high school students, 39% and over for all senior high school students, 50% and over for all college and university students.Recently physical examination data has been obtained which had been continued all through the war. This data contrasted with nation wide statistical data of physical examinations collected by the Dept. of Education enabled examination of each raw regression coefficient and the standard regression coefficient of the transition of Myopia. This was divided into the three periods of Prewar-Wartime and Postwar. The result was a mutual relationship between an annual change and occurrence in Prewar days as well as Wartime. It showed from -0.37 to -1.00 standard regression coefficient except for primary school students in agricultural districts. This tendency was especially remarkable regarding junior high school students upwards.On the contrary, in Postwar days the mutual relation reveals from 0.74 to 0.99 in remore locations the occurrence rate is decreasing in recent years.In view of these findings it has been concluded that Myopia conditions can be attributed to reading and studying habits rather than a nourishment or illumination situation.
著者
宮崎 良文 李 宙営 朴 範鎭 恒次 祐子 松永 慶子
出版者
一般社団法人日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.4, pp.651-656, 2011 (Released:2011-10-12)
参考文献数
38
被引用文献数
6 13

Five million years has passed since a subset of primates recognizably became human. Because we have already spent more than 99.99% of our evolutionary history in natural environments, it is thought that we are essentially adaptive to nature. However, we live in a society characterized by urbanization and artificiality, despite our physiological functions still being adapted to nature. We conducted experiments involving 420 subjects at 35 different forests throughout Japan. As a result, these subjects sitting in natural surroundings showed decreases in the following physiological indices compared with the urban control group: 12.4% decrease in cortisol level, 7.0% decrease in sympathetic nervous activity, 1.4% decrease in systolic blood pressure, and 5.8% decrease in heart rate. This shows that stressful states can be relieved by forest therapy. It should also be noted that parasympathetic nerve activity increased by 55.0%, indicating a relaxed state. The results of walking experiments were also similar. Li et al. demonstrated that immune functions are enhanced by forest therapy. Middle-aged employees volunteered to participate in these experiments. NK (natural killer cells) activity, as an indicator of immune function, increased by 56% on the second day and returned to normal levels. A significant increase of 23% was maintained for 1 month even after these subjects returned to urban life, clearly illustrating the preventive medical effects of nature therapy. We expect nature therapy to play an increasingly important role in preventive medicine in the future.
著者
中山 祥嗣 磯部 友彦 岩井 美幸 小林 弥生 小栗 朋子 竹内 文乃
出版者
一般社団法人日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.2, pp.156-163, 2018 (Released:2018-05-31)
参考文献数
37
被引用文献数
1 1

In this review, we present an initial plan for exposure assessment in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) by focusing on a biomonitoring technique and discuss the challenges encountered when using the biomonitoring technique for exposure measurements. JECS registered 103,099 pregnant mothers and has been following children born to them. Various biological samples were collected from mothers during pregnancy (blood and urine), at birth (blood and hair) and at check-up one month after birth (breast milk). Samples were also collected from children at birth (cord blood) and at check-up one month after birth (hair and blood spot). Those samples will be used to assess maternal and foetal exposures to chemical substances. Measurement reliability, i.e., intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and attenuation bias related to low ICCs should be taken into consideration when using the biomonitoring results. Along with the biomonitoring technique, simulation models, pharmacokinetic (PK) models and exposomics techniques are under development in JECS. New analytical techniques include deciduous teeth measurements and -omics analyses. In particular, PK models and sensor technologies are one of the most important methodologies for future JECS exposure analyses. Statistical methods for examining the effects of intercorrelated multiple exposures as well as nondetection data should also be explored.
著者
張 瑞軍 鹿島 勇治 松井 三明 岡部 とし子 土井 陸雄
出版者
日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.2, pp.492-499, 2001-07-15 (Released:2009-02-17)
参考文献数
26

Total mercury in the muscles of three fish species was analyzed in fish caught in Tokyo Bay and the surrounding sea areas, Sagami Bay and Choshi. Tokyo Bay is a semi-closed sea area surrounded by Tokyo, Kanagawa and Chiba prefectures. Sagami Bay and Choshi are open to the Pacific Ocean. A total of 412 fish consisting of northern whiting (Sillago japonica), flatfish (Limanda yokohamae) and sardine (Sardinops melanosticta) were caught in these areas over a 6 months period from November 1998 to April 1999.Total mercury concentration ranged from 0.008-0.092μg/g (wet wt.) in northern whiting, 0.006-0.065μg/g in flatfish and 0.001-0.045μg/g in sardine. All concentrations were below the restriction limit of fish mercury in Japan, 0.4μg/g of total mercury concentration. A significant correlation was found between mercury concentrations and body length or body weight in northern whiting and flatfish, irrespective of the sea area. A correlation was also found between mercury concentration in fish and their feeding habits: among the 3 species caught in the same area, crustacean feeding northern whiting had the highest, polychaete feeding flatfish moderate, and plankton feeding sardine had the lowest mercury concentration.In a comparison of mercury concentration in the same species caught in different sea areas, a higher concentration was noted in fish caught in the semi-closed sea area of Tokyo Bay, than in fish caught in the open sea areas of Sagami Bay and Choshi. This difference was most marked in fish caught at the bottom of Tokyo Bay and we considered that the mercury concentration of seawater and sediment in these areas was the cause of mercury accumulation in fish. These findings suggest that improved water quality control and environmental monitoring is necessary in semi-closed sea areas such as Tokyo Bay.
著者
津田 敏秀 馬場園 明 三野 善央 山本 英二 宮井 正彌 茂見 潤
出版者
The Japanese Society for Hygiene
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.2, pp.462-473, 2000-07-15 (Released:2009-02-17)
参考文献数
49

As a condition to achieving an agreement of recognition on the causal relationship in medicine, we firstly explained Hume's problem and counterfactual model. We, however, emphasized that we believe in the existence of causality on medical issues in our daily lives. Therefore, we illustrated conditions when we usually believe in causality. On the other hand, we criticized two well-known key phrases, “lack of mechanism in epidemiology” and “black box in epidemiology”, which have often been used in Japan for skeptic viewpoints against epidemiologic methods even if epidemiology is often used to elucidate a causal effect in medicine in the world. We emphasized that a priori determinations of levels for inference of mechanism is necessary. And, the level and feature of mechanism should be defined in concrete expressions. After explanation of these basic concepts, we mentioned a classic view on specific diseases and non-specific diseases which have not been sufficiently discussed enough yet in Japan. As an example, we used the statements in the Japanese Compensation Law for the Health Effect by Environmental Pollution. In Japan, the classification of these diseases has been confused with that between manifestational criteria of diseases and causal criteria of them. We described the basic concepts to illustrate the causal relationship between non-specific disease and its exposure by using attached figures. Actually, we cannot recognize disease occurrence as a specific disease for several reasons. We indicated that we can recognize the magnitude of effect by causal relationships in medicine as a quantitative continuous variable.
著者
牧上 久仁子 大滝 倫子 佐藤 康仁 山口 直人
出版者
The Japanese Society for Hygiene
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.4, pp.450-460, 2005-11-15 (Released:2009-02-17)
参考文献数
41
被引用文献数
10 10

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of mass treatment with ivermectin of scabies outbreak in institutional settings. To determine the factors, such as host susceptibility and scabetic exposure level associated with the onset of scabies.Methods: The authors investigated a nosocomial scabies outbreak in a close psychiatric ward. The index case was a man with steroid-induced localized crusted scabies. Twenty-six patients were diagnosed with scabies, 4 of them had relapse of scabies, while no staff was infested. Despite frequent surveillance and treatment of symptomatic patients with 1% gamma-benzenehexachloride (γ-BHC: Lindane), new cases were observed. Thus, all 69 patients in the ward were treated with ivermectin (200μg/kg) simultaneously on day 105 of the outbreak (the mass treatment). Patients who had scabies were compared with patients who had no scabies in terms of age, body weight, diabetes, physical functions, topical administration of corticosteroid, proximity to the index patient, and problematic behavior.Results: The mass treatment was implemented without a significant adverse event. Although two patients developed symptoms of scabies after the mass treatment, no patient in the ward had been diagnosed with scabies since the 98th day of the treatment. Regarding factors associated with the scabies onset, the only statistically significant factor was proximity to the index patient with crusted scabies.Conclusions: Oral ivermectin was safe and effective for controlling scabies in institutional settings. The exposure level to scabetic mites was more important than host susceptibility in determining the risk of scabies onset.
著者
安藤 皓章 清水 英佑 高橋 善一 福本 正勝 小此木 英男 門倉 真人
出版者
The Japanese Society for Hygiene
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.3, pp.692-697, 1993-08-15 (Released:2009-02-17)
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
1 1

Criminal cases involving stimulant abuse have increased since 1970 but have now leveled off. Some of the offenders claimed to have used the Vicks Inhaler containing a stimulant (1-methamphetamine) which is used for the treatment of nasal obstruction.The aim of this experiment was to measure the amount of 1-methamphetamine contained in the Vicks Inhaler by stimulating the human respiratory system. The results are as follows:1) The data from the stimulation experiment showed that the inhalation level of 1-methamphetamine was estimated to be 320.4ng. From this value, the level of 1-methamphetamine absorbed per one respiration was calculated to be 21ng.2) The data from quantitative and qualitative analysis by gaschromatography showed that menthol interfered with the methamphetamine.3) A qualitative test for the stimulant in urine was negative when the subject inhaled the Vicks Inhaler only once. However, this test turned positive when the subject inhaled it more than 17 times.
著者
岩本 美江子 百々 栄徳 米田 純子 石居 房子 後藤 博 上田 洋一 森江 堯子
出版者
日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.6, pp.1116-1123, 1989-02-15 (Released:2009-04-21)
参考文献数
25
被引用文献数
7 17 2

これまで著者らは生体に対する騒音ストレス作因の生理的影響に関する研究を行うなかで,生理的のみならず心理的な影響をも把握することの必要性を感じた。物理的ストレスが心理的,情動的ストレスとなって不安を生ずる事は,Aiken1)の不安とストレスは[異体同形]であるとの提言からも考えられることである。従来不安の問題は,Kierkegaard2)に代表されるように,主として哲学ことに宗教と倫理学の課題であった。それを心理学の領域で,はじめて病態心理との関連において概念づけたのは精神分析学を樹立したFreud3)であり,彼は神経症的状態の治療においても不安を中心的な問題として重視した。一般に用いられるようになった最初の不安検査は,Taylor4)によって開発され公表された顕在性不安尺度(Manifest Anxiety Scale: MAS)である。その後一連の不安研究の後,Cattell and Scheier5)やLazarusら6)は不安をその特質から一過性にみられる気分としての不安状態と不安への陥りやすさとして捕えられる性格傾向としての不安特性の二つに分けることを提案した。この二つの不安についてSpielberger7)が明確に定義づけをした。すなわち不安には,ある状況下で大きく変動するような状態としての不安(state-anxiety以下A-Stateと略記)と,ある個人において比較的一定していると言われる性格特性としての不安(trait-anxiety以下A-Traitと略記)の二つがある。さらにSpielberger, Gorsuch and Lushene8)は諸種の不安尺度を検討して,既存のどの尺度も状態としての不安と性格としての不安を区別せずに測定しており,不安に関するこれまでの全ての質問票テストはA-Traitを測定していると指摘し,最終的にこのA-StateとA-Traitを測定する尺度として1970年に状態-特性不安尺度State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(略してSTAIと呼ばれる)を発表した。本研究の目的は,若年者および高齢者,また各種状態におけるSTAIの検査結果から,この尺度の妥当性,信頼性を検討することである。さらに衛生学分野において,環境の変化特に騒音が人に対して精神的ストレス因子となって負荷したときのSTAIの応用の良否を検討することをも目的とするものである。
著者
三好 保 藤井 正信 今木 雅英 吉村 武 山田 勇樹 中村 武夫 山崎 亮二 松本 和興
出版者
The Japanese Society for Hygiene
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.5, pp.1013-1018, 1988-12-15 (Released:2009-02-17)
参考文献数
15

Four young male adults were fed a semisynthetic diet including rice and chicken as protein for seven days (Basal diet period), and in the following seven days 30g of corn oil and then for seven days 30g of lard were added at the expense of part of the corn starch and sugar in the basal diet (Test diets period). Urine and feces were collected completely throughout the periods and the contents of fat and energy in these excreta were determined. The results obtained were follows:1) Digestibility of fat was 98.8% (corn oil) and 100.0% (lard).2) The ratio of the total available energy to intake energy (Net Energy Avaiability) was 98.8% (corn oil) and 98.0% (lard).
著者
劉 暁潔
出版者
一般社団法人日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衞生學雜誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.3, pp.544-551, 1999-10-15
参考文献数
28
被引用文献数
1 1

カドミウム(Cd)土壌汚染地域である長崎県対馬厳原町樫根地区において,1981年に行われた土壌改良工事によって,住民の一日平均Cd摂取量は,工事完了前の215&mu;gから106&mu;gに低下した。本研究では,Cd曝露量減少後の住民の尿&beta;<sub>2</sub>-マイクログロブリン(&beta;<sub>2</sub>-mg)濃度および尿・頭髪・血液Cd濃度の変化とその意義について検討した。<br>1979年に尿&beta;<sub>2</sub>-mg濃度が1,000&mu;g/g creatinine (&mu;g/g cr)以上であった住民9人の幾何平均値は,1996年には約2.5倍の高値となった。一方,1979年に尿&beta;<sub>2</sub>-mg濃度が1,000&mu;g/g cr未満であった26人の幾何平均値は,18年後も変化がなかった。この事実から腎臓障害があった人は土壌改良工事完了によるCd摂取量減少後も,腎臓障害がさらに進行すると結論された。<br>尿Cd濃度の幾何平均値は,1979年では11.0&mu;g/g cr,1996年では6.3&mu;g/g crであり,有意に減少した。1979年の尿&beta;<sub>2</sub>-mg濃度が1,000&mu;g/g cr以上であった群は1,000&mu;g/g cr未満群に比して,減少率は有意に大きかった(p=0.03)。これは腎臓障害が腎皮質中Cd濃度を低下させ,その結果として尿Cd濃度を減少させることを示唆すると考えられた。<br>頭髪Cd濃度の幾何平均値は,1979年の109.1&mu;g/kgから1996年の55.1&mu;g/kgへと49%減少した。体内Cd蓄積量の指標とされる尿Cd濃度も43%減少したので,頭髪Cd濃度の減少がCd摂取量の減少に直接関係するのか,蓄積量の減少によるものか,あるいは,その双方に関係するかは,今回の研究では不明であった。体内Cd蓄積量の指標とされる尿Cd濃度と頭髪Cd濃度との間には,相関係数が0.38&sim;0.44と弱い正の相関が認められた。したがって,頭髪Cd濃度は,体内Cd蓄積量の影響を受けることが示唆された。<br>1996年の血液Cd濃度の幾何平均値は5.7&mu;g/lであった。1979年の尿&beta;<sub>2</sub>-mg濃度が1,000&mu;g/g cr以上であった人の血液Cd濃度の幾何平均値は,1,000&mu;g/g cr未満の人より有意の高値を示した。血液と尿のCd濃度の間に強い正の相関(r=0.70,p<0.01)が認められた。したがって,Cd曝露が軽減して長期間経過した後では,血液Cd濃度は尿Cd濃度と同様に,体内Cd蓄積量に影響を受ける可能性が示唆された。
著者
大平 雅子 戸田 雅裕 田 麗 森本 兼曩
出版者
一般社団法人日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.4, pp.500-505, 2010 (Released:2010-09-25)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
1 2

Recently, Tai Chi, which is one of the Chinese traditional martial arts, has been receiving attention. The main feature of Tai Chi is its flowing movements including loosening up, relaxing, and practicing meditation with slow abdominal respiration. Tai Chi is widely taken as part of health-promotion activities or rehabilitation training, and significant mental and physical effects have been reported so far. In this review report, Tai Chi was confirmed to be beneficial not only as a rehabilitation training for old people or patients with various diseases but also as an exercise for healthy people. These findings suggest the potential of Tai Chi as a complementary and alternative therapy.
著者
大西 一成
出版者
一般社団法人日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.1, pp.43-48, 2017 (Released:2017-02-02)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
3 6

The health effects of Asian dust (mineral dust) originating from dry lands such as the Gobi Desert and Taklamakan Desert have recently been a concern. In addition to Asian dust, transboundary airborne microparticles that reach Japan include various types of aerosol, such as artificial air pollutants and smoke from combustion. They originate from densely populated areas and are transported along the same route as Asian dust. We analyzed environmental factors and subjective symptoms involving the respiratory organ, nose, eyes, and skin using a conventional equation for estimation, and found that symptoms with a significant risk of worsening varied according to the type of pollutants reaching Japan. We also analyzed the synergistic effects of Asian dust and pollens on nasal symptoms using a two-pollutant model. The odds ratio for symptoms at the time of arrival of a high concentration of Asian dust was 1.37 (95% confidence interval: 1.19–1.58), but the odds ratio adjusted for pollens was 1.18 (95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.34). Although the influence on nasal symptoms overlapped somewhat between Asian dust and pollens, that of Asian dust remained significant. Regarding preventive measures against symptoms, we examined the rate of particle leakage into masks. We found that it is important to wear a mask that fits an individual’s facial features and has no gap between the face and the mask. In addition, we report our attempt to construct models for predicting aerosol arrival and forecasting health to establish preventive measures against aerosols.
著者
北野 尚美 李 錦純 中村 安秀
出版者
一般社団法人日本衛生学会
雑誌
日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, pp.18032, 2019 (Released:2019-04-19)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
1

In this study, we examined the changes in the demographic characteristics of foreign residents in Japan (FRJ) and the current status of FRJ from a global health perspective. We also considered child maltreatment that occurred in FRJ families and language problems in child welfare. Japan’s official statistics in the end of 2017 indicated that there were more than 2.56 million FRJ from over 190 countries. This population was diverse with heterogeneous characteristics, such as age structure, dwelling place, marital status, and childbirth. At the end of 2017, there were 219,982 FRJ children aged 0–14 of various nationalities, including Chinese, Brazilian, South Korean, North Korean, Filipino, Vietnamese, Peruvian, Nepalese, and Indian. In 2010, we conducted our first survey of child maltreatment in FRJ families, targeting 219 child protection centers across Japan. Between April 2007 and August 2010, 1,639 child maltreatment cases were reported from 56% of these centers. Details of 1,111 cases were collected and descriptive analyses were conducted. The male-to-female ratio was 0.88 and the median age was 8 years: however, the age distribution showed that females were significantly older than males (P < 0.01). The proportions of physical abuse, child neglect, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse were 38%, 33%, 21%, and 7%, respectively. Native language problems created numerous challenges and required a large amount of effort from child welfare practitioners. However, most solutions to identified problems were still at the beginning stage and some were found to be ineffective. More interdisciplinary and integrated researches are needed targeting child welfare of FRJ. An ethical framework for good counseling practices should be developed.