著者

戸次 加奈江 稲葉 洋平 欅田 尚樹

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.24-32, 2015

被引用文献数

2

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The World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) requires member countries to implement measures aimed at reducing the demand for tobacco products. FCTC article 11 describes the important forms of health communication and packaging regulations. And this article recommends on large pictorial health warnings and encourages more effective forms of disclosure on constituents and emissions. Furthermore, article 11 recognizes the importance of the package as a promotional vehicle for tobacco companies and requires the removal of potentially misleading packaging information, including the terms "light" and "mild." The Conference of the Parties (COP) adopted guidelines for implementation of article 11 on "Packaging and labelling of Tobacco Products". Some countries, such as Canada, the U.S.A., Australia, EU countries etc. positively promoted tobacco control by implementing countermeasures such as the graphic health warning labels and plain packages. These countermeasures showed the significant effects of decreasing smoking rate and preventing smoking initiation in young people. Furthermore, these warning labels were effective for the literally challenged. However, the Japanese government has not implemented these countermeasures, and only limited texts are shown on Japanese tobacco packaging. Therefore, Japan should emulate approaches taken by other countries, and promote the tobacco control policy in accordance with FCTC.

著者

石原 栄美子

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.6, pp.440-444, 1961

著者

宮本 教雄 武藤 紀久 吉川 博

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.6, pp.1045-1055, 1988-02-29 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

11

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冬期における日常生活の中で,手足が冷えて苦痛に感じている人が,意外に数多く存在して,中には手足の指先の触感の欠如など,かなり深刻な問題として悩んでいる人もいるようである。そこでこの手足の冷えを合理的に防止あるいは回復するため,厳寒期において,実際の手足の皮膚温がどの程度で推移して,その低下している皮膚温が暖房によってどのように回復していくか,またソックスの着用が皮膚温の回復にどのように寄与しているかを,女子学生20名について調べ,次のような結果を得た。1.25°Cの温暖環境に入室後,素足の状態で90分間に渡って測定したところ,手母指掌側先端部皮膚温の経時的変化によって,被験者は次の3群に分類される。1) 低温群:測定開始時にかなり低い22°C程度の温度を示し,90分経過後も室温程度にしか上昇しない。2) 中温群:測定開始時に比較的低い20∼26°C程度の温度であるが,30分以内には30°C以上に急上昇して,暖環境に反応する。3) 高温群:測定開始時にすでに30°C以上の高温状態にあって,90分間その状態を維持する。2.低温群は手指先のみならず,足指先においても皮膚温が低く,90分経過しても室温にも達しない。ソックスを着用すると,手指先は回復する傾向をみせるが,足指先は依然と上昇しない傾向が強い。被験者本人も,非常に冷えやすいことを,日頃から感じており,かなり堅固な冷えの状態である。3.中温群の手指先皮膚温は,急上昇して環境の変化に反応し,ソックスを着用すると,その反応は一層強いものとなる。4.中温群の足指先皮膚温は,暖環境にあまり反応を示さない。ソックス着用時には,約半数が反応して皮膚温が上昇するが,あとの半数は反応を起こさず,素足時と同じ反応である。5.高温群は他の群とは異なり,最初から手指先は30°C以上であり,足指先も比較的初期に上昇する。平常時にすでにかなり高い皮膚温を保っていると推測され,ソックス着用時でも,素足時とほとんど傾向は変わらない。6.同じ暖環境温度に対して,群によって反応が異なり,同一被験者においても部位によって反応形態が異なる。7.ソックス着用が皮膚温の経時的変化に与える影響は,直接被覆されている足部よりも,直接被覆されていない手部に強くあらわれる。

著者

寺岡 久之 小林 純

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.4, pp.574-587, 1977

被引用文献数

7

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著者らは人の頭髪や内臓,農産物,土壌,河川中の浮遊物などを分析の対象として,エミッション・スペクトログラフ法による20余種類の金属元素の同時定量法の研究を続けて来た。<br>日本各地の理髪店と美容院から0.5&sim;5.0kgの頭髪(数百&sim;数千人分)を採集し,電気洗濯機に入れシャンプーと水で洗滌し,完全に均一な混合試料をつくった。その一部を450&deg;Cの電気炉で灰化し,その灰の僅か3mg(個人の一回の散髪量の半分程度に過ぎない)と内標準元素を含む炭素粉末17mgを混合して炭素電極に充填し,アルゴン・酸素雰囲気中の直流アーク(300V, 12A)で試料が完全に蒸発するまで燃焼させ,中間結像法によってアーク(4mm)の中央部分(1mm)のみを分光器スリットに入射させ,各金属のスペクトル線をフィルム上に撮影した。現像後,ミクロホトメーターを使用して25種の金属と内標準元素のスペクトル線の光強度を測定し,合成した標準試料から得られた検量線から各金属元素の濃度を定量した。<br>この方法によって日本各地の頭髪中に含まれる25種の金属元素量を把握しただけでなく,女性には男性に比べて灰量,Ca,Zn,Mg,Cu,Pb,Sr,Ba,Sn,Ni,Cd,V,Coが多く含まれ,逆にSiとAlは男性に多いことがわかった。また環境汚染との関係をも検討した結果,製鉄所付近の住民にはSi,Fe,Alが,亜鉛製錬所付近住民にはCdとPbが多く逆にPが少ないことがわかったが,Crによる汚染地区住民には高濃度のCrは検出されなかった。

著者

小泉 直子 井上 芳樹 塚本 利之

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.3, pp.667-676, 1983-08-30 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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Diurnal variations were recorded of 10 substances from the urine of 22 healthy women, ranging from 32 to 65 years of age. Twenty-four-hour urine collections were done at each micturition and blood samples were taken on the same day.From the data, it was examined whether the use of creatinine ratio as a measure of the completeness of a 24-hour urine samples was reliable.The results were as follows:1. Maximum/minimum concentration ratios of various urinary substances were 1.2-4.6, 1.9-9.0, 1.3-11, 1.3-8.0, 1.6-12, 1.5-12, 1.7-11, 1.8-9.8, and 2.0-12, for (specific gravity-1) ×1, 000, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, cadmium, zinc, and copper, respectively. There were very large individual variations-2.6-78-for the ratios of urinary β2-microglobulin.2. Blood urea nitrogen slightly increased with age, but other substances showed no such changes.3. The mean values of each substances matched between those taken at individual micturitions and those taken over 24 hours.4. Concentrations of substances in early morning urine did not always show the high levels compared with those of a 24-hour urine.5. Creatinine concentrations decreased with age. For elderly women, this fact resulted the high values from correction by creatinine for the concentrations of urinary substances.6. Wide diurnal variations for values corrected by specific gravity or creatinine were observed of urinary 10 substances, and such substances were inaffective in correcting urinary concentrations.7. The mean specific gravity of a 24-hour urine of all subjects was 1.018. For elderly women, the value calculated by specific gravity, that is, the one multiplied by 18/(G-1)×1, 000, was more accurate than the creatinine ratio.8. Urinary protein or glucose had almost no influence on specific gravity, except in the case of glucose concentrations over 500mg/dl.

著者

阪本 州弘 若林 一郎 吉本 佐雅子 増井 秀久 勝野 眞吾

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.635-638, 1991

被引用文献数

4

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柔道や空手など古武道では冬期に川原で寒稽古を行い筋力の増強に努めている。運動と寒冷刺激がテストステロンおよび他のホルモンレベルにいかに影響するかを19才の男子,32名について検討した。<br>自転車エルゴメータによる運動負荷(90watt)によりテストステロン(TS)濃度は20.8%上昇したが,黄体形成ホルモン(LH)はほとんど上昇しなかった。ノルアドレナリン(NA)のレベルは140.0%有意に上昇した。一方,冷水負荷ではTSは10.0%減少し,LHは22.1%上昇し,NAは23.8%減少した。個人で負荷によるホルモンレベルの変化量の関連性をみると運動負荷ではLHとTSとはr=0.40,またTSとNAとはr=0.48の有意の相関がある。冷水負荷ではTSとLHとではr=0.40,TSとNAとではr=0.43であった。<br>これらの結果は,運動はLHとNAの血清濃度の上昇によりTS濃度を上昇させる。しかし冷水負荷ではこの傾向が見出せなかった。

著者

佐々木 直亮

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.5, pp.954-963, 1990-12-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

30

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Prospective epidemiological studies of blood pressure in a high-salt population in northeastern Japan were investigated along with dietary habits such as miso soup, rice, apple, fish, milk and sake consumption as well as smoking habits.Blood pressures of the populations in 3 villages were determined once or twice a year by mass surveys from 1954, 1957 or 1958 through 1975. The means and transitions of the personal blood pressure were calculated by regression analysis of the data obtained during each entire period.The number of persons was 1127 males and 1369 females and the response rate was 98.7 percent. The average number of times of determination of blood pressure for a person was 12.9.Stepwise multiple regression analyses were run with the means and transitions of systolic and diastolic blood pressure as the dependent variables and the life styles of the population in 1958 as an independent variable based on data of persons whose blood pressures were determined 5 or more times during the entire period. According to the backward stepwise method this study confirmed the positive relationship of age and sake drinking and the negative relationship of apple eating habits to blood pressure.

著者

井奈波 良一

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.4, pp.748-757, 1983-10-30 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

25

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In an effort to clarify the mechanism underlying stress-induced hyperuricemia, rises in uric acid in the plasma of rats which had been subjected to immobilization stress were investigated. Two types of stress were investigated-fixation in a supine position for 3mins and immobilization in a Ballman cage for 6mins.Immobilization in a supine position caused immediate increases of up to 400% in uric acid levels. This hyperuricemic response could be enhanced slightly by pre-treatment with propranolol, or depressed to approximately 50% that of the control level with phentolamine, or to 60% by adrenal demedullation. In demedullated rats, although hexamethonium markedly inhibited the rise of uric acid, it did not eliminate it entirely. Neither phentolamine nor atropine had any significant effects. Such results indicate that two different mechanisms are involved in the hyperuricemic response-the adrenal epinephrine-dependent reaction mediated via α-receptors, and the epinephrine-independent reaction in which autonomic nerves other than the adrenal medulla might be involved.The uric acid levels in the liver markedly increased in response to stress, however those in other tissues did not change. As with changes in plasma, increases in liver uric acid went only as far as 60% of the levels of the control group after adrenal demedullation. These results support the view that the stress-induced increases of plasma uric acid levels are due to raised production of uric acid occurring only in the liver.Stress did not cause changes in liver adenine nucleotides-ATP, ADP and AMP. Although tissue lactate levels had increased following stress, they did not parallel changes in tissue uric acid, which may exclude the possibility that increased dproduction of liver uric acid is caused by decreases in adenine nucleotides or by non-specific effects, such as tissue hypoxia.Immobilization in a Ballman cage did not raise the levels of uric acid in plasma. However, after treating rats with phentolamine, the amount of plasma uric acid doubled after stress. Propranolol had no such effects. In demedullated rats, stress failed to cause increases in uric acid even after phentolamine-treatment. It can be concluded therefore that the hyperuricemic response is caused by adrenal epinephrine and that in sharp contrast to the stress caused by immobilization in a prone position, the action of epinephrine is mediated via β-receptors.

著者

小山 洋 鬼頭 英明 佐藤 雅彦 遠山 千春

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.547-555, 2002-09-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

69

被引用文献数

10 12

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We reviewed studies on genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of cadmium (Cd). Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli exposed to Cd did not show mutagenicity, whereas cultured mammalian cells exposed to Cd showed mutation, DNA strand breaks, and chromosomal aberrations. Carcinogenicity tests showed that exposure to Cd increased the occurrence of tumors in testis, lung, prostate, hematopoietic tissues, and injection sites. On the other hand, recent epidemiologic studies are not supportive of earlier observations on the association between Cd and prostate cancer. The US NIOSH data on a possible association between Cd and lung cancer may need reevaluation. No studies which show a positive relationship between oral Cd exposure and carcinogenesis have been reported. All available data suggest that Cd should be reassigned to IARC Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) from the current Group 1.

著者

大平 昌彦 青山 英康 吉岡 信一 加藤 尚司 太田 武夫 吉田 健男 長谷井 祥男 大原 啓志 上畑 鉄之丞 中村 仁志 和気 健三 柳楽 翼 五島 正規 合田 節子 深見 郁子 板野 猛虎

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.5-6, pp.502-509, 1970-02-28 (Released:2009-08-24)

参考文献数

18

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In a restricted area of the northern part of Okayama Prefecture, Yubara Town, an outbreak of SMON (subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy) was observed from the beginning of 1967. An epidemiological investigation has been made on this outbreak and the results are as follows:(1) Concentration of cases occurred in the summer of 1968, though cases have been reported sporadically in the area from the beginning of 1967. The incidence ratio against the population was 659/100, 000 during 22 months.(2) The incidence was the highest in summer and the ratio in females was 3 times higher than in males. Concerning age group, males showed a peak in the thirties, whereas in females many cases were evident between the twenties and sixties.(3) Relatively enclosed districts are apt to expand over a period of time. Cases which occurred in neighboring families as well as those within the same families tend to give the impression that the disease coule be infectious.(4) Among the cases, a close contact relation was observed.(5) Physical exhaustion before the onset of the disease was observed to be 43.2% among the total cases.(6) In occupational analysis, a higher rate was revealed among workers who had close human relations such as hospital workers and public service personnel.(7) The tendency to other diseases of the nervous system as well as those of the digestive organs was checked by inspecting receipts of the National Health Insurance from the beginning of 1965. Nothing related to SMON was recognized before the outbreak.(8) Diseases of the intestinal tract and tonsillitis were observed in higher rates in the history of the patients.(9) The investigation of environmental conditions has revealed the fact that there is a higher rate of incidence in families who do not use service water compared to those who do.

著者

伊藤 隆

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.6, pp.741-750, 1979

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生下時の染色体異常頻度は, 0.5&sim;1.0%とされている。この値は, 妊娠経過中における淘汰の結果を示すものでなければならない。したがって, 妊娠初期の異常頻度は, かなり大きいものと推測される。そこで人工妊娠中絶手術によってえた標本を用いて, 細胞遺伝学的分析を行った。<br>材料は, 妊娠5週から12週の間, 社会経済的理由で中絶を受けたものとし, 医学的適応によるものは除外した。胎芽と絨毛の染色体分析には, 直接法を用いた。さらに, 性判定のため, Qバンド法により Y-body の有無を調べた。<br>観察総数1,661例中, 分析に成功したものは1,250例 (75.3%) であった。平均母年令および平均胎令は, それぞれ28.0歳 (min. 17-max. 46), 8.4&plusmn;1.39週 (mean&plusmn;S.D.) であった。1,250例中, 認められた異常は80例 (6.4%) であった。すなわち異数性異常としては, トリソミーA5例, トリソミーC (含XXX, XXY異常) 15例, モザイクトリソミーC1例, C群のトリソミーとモノソミーの合併した異常2例, トリソミーD9例, モザイクトリソミーD1例, トリソミーE10例, トリソミーG8例, ダブルトリソミー2例, XYY異常1例, モノソミーC (含XO異常) 8, モザイクモノソミーC1例, 中部着糸型でF群より小型の余計な染色体をもつ異常1例などであった。倍数性異常は, 3倍体8例, 3倍体のモザイク異常1例, 4倍体1例, および4倍体のモザイク異常4例であった。また染色体構造異常は, D群のリング形成1例, およびD群G群間の転座型異常1例であった。<br>異常頻度は母年令の高くなるにつれ増加する傾向をみた。これを異常の種類別にみると, トリソミーでは母年令依存性が顕著であったが, モノソミーと倍数性異常ではその傾向がなかった。また, 胎令が進むにつれ異常頻度の減少する傾向をみた。

著者

牛島 佳代 北野 隆雄 二塚 信

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.395-400, 2003-09-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2 2

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Objectives: To clarify the needs and to consider establishing a social support system for patients with Minamata disease (MD), or methylmercury poisoning, by investigating their health and socioeconomic conditions.Methods: The total number of people certified as having MD in May 1999 by the Kumamoto and Kagoshima Prefecture Government Committees on MD was 2265. We sent two questionnaires to 917 individuals who were surviving at that time, which corresponded to 40.5% of the total number of MD patients. The first survey sought information on the individual's health-seeking behavior, and the second survey was about their socio-economic conditions and requirements for welfare and medical care in the future.Results: The average age among male patients was 68.0±13.2yrs (n=477) and that among female patients was 71.2±13.0yrs (n=440). The response rates were 45.7% (n=416) for the first questionnaire and 38.6% (n=354) for the second questionnaire. Among the MD patients, 71.7% judged their health condition to be ‘bad’ or ‘very bad’, and 97.4% received medical treatments that included acupuncture or moxacautery and massage. Regarding the activity of daily living (ADL), which includes ‘communicating’, ‘walking’, ‘eating’, ‘use of toilet’, ‘dressing’ and ‘taking a bath’, the rates of ‘independent’ were relatively low among those under 49yrs and those over 75yrs compared with the other age groups. Many individuals emphasized that they had anxiety about their health and health care in the future.Conclusion: We concluded that the quality of life (QOL) of MD patients was low. It is important to consider developing a social support system for MD patients.

著者

中田 利一

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.6, pp.538-543, 1972-02-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

9 9

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Tumor cells (Ehrlich ascites tumor, Yoshida sarcoma, Spontaneous mammary tumor of a female C3H mouse, 20-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma of a male DDD mouse, and 20-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma of a male C3H mouse) treated with more than 2.77×10-3M allicin contained in fresh garlic extract did not produce tumor and no animal died during observation period.

著者

星 秋夫 稲葉 裕

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衞生學雜誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.730-736, 1995-08-15

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 9

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1898年から1991年までに幕内に入幕した力士664名を対象に,力士の年齢標準化死亡比(SMR)について同時代の日本人男性と比較した。さらに,1898年以降の出生者を対象として死亡率に対する種々の要因の寄与の推定を行った。<br>その結果は以下の通りである。<br>1.力士のSMRはいずれの年次においても有意に高く,年齢階級別にみると,35&sim;74歳のSMRが有意に高かった。<br>2.Coxの比例ハザードモデルによる解析から力士の死亡率に寄与する要因として,入幕暦年,BMIが抽出された。<br>3.生存率曲線において,入幕暦年の高値群,BMIの低値群はそれぞれ低値群,高値群よりも生存率が高かった。<br>以上の結果から相撲力士の高い死亡率は35&sim;74歳の高い死亡率によるものと示唆され,力士において,BMIの高値群は死亡のリスクが高いことが明らかとなった。

著者

国武 栄三郎 石西 伸 児玉 泰

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.417-429, 1975-08-28 (Released:2009-04-21)

参考文献数

24

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Studies of mental fatigue caused by exposure to the aircraft noise was carried out experimentally on 9 female students engaged in some intellectual performance. The tape-recorded noise of the flying Jet engine was controlled from 85dB(A) to 95dB(A) in the peak level. The subjects were exposed continuously to the noise during 50 minutes and 100 minutes, respectively, in an insulated room protected from general outer noise.Through the noise exposure period, the subjects performed intellectual tasks, that is, the Kraepelin- Uchida's test and card-sorting test. At the same time, pulse rates and pulse waves of their fingertips were measured. Before and after each exposure, the mental fatigue was measured by the critical fusion frequency (C.F.F.), the color naming test (C.N.) and the discriminative reaction of the multiple performance test (M.P.). And the information of subjective sensations of human fatigue were collected by the questionnaire, Cornal Medical Index (C.M.I.) were used for psychophysiological complaints. The control data of each subject were obtained by the same experiment except noise.The following conculusions were derived from observations. The grade of mental fatigue increased in the case of the noise exposure rather than in the case of the noiseless situation. In C.F.F., fatigue increased 13% under noise exposure of 50 minutes, 37% under that of 100 minutes. In C.N. and M.P. as wel as C.F.F. the same gradiance between the noise exposure and fatigue were found. Furthermore, fatigue revealed itself more clearly in C.N. than in C.F.F., namely, the rate of prolongation of the time required for color identifying exceeded the critical level of mental fatigue, while the rate of mental fatigue in C.F.F. was within the normal or allowable range.The results of the questionnaire of subjective sensations of fatigue and of the C.M.I. in the case of the noise exposure showed no remarkable differences compared with those of the noiseless situation. But, it was found that some complaints of sensations of fatigue increased slightly during noise exposure compared with those in the noiseless situation. These complaints were the symptoms probably caused by the sympagotonic hypertension. Moreover, from the observation of the pulse rates and pulse waves, it was recognized that a biological lags of the relaxation of the sympathetic nerves system might occur when they were released from the intellectual tasks.From the observation mentioned above, it is considered that there is a posibility of the inhibition of the learning effectiveness in school children when they are exposed to the aircraft noise such as the subjects were exposed to in this experiment. The exposed aircraft noise level used in this study, calculated from the peak levels and flying numbers, corresponds to 80 W.E.C.P.N.L.. It can be said that mental fatigue is induced markedly by the noise of 80 W.E.C.P.N.L.. It is suggested that the noise level of 80 W.E.C.P.N.L. is not harmless to human being in the case of intellectual performance, especially during school hours.

著者

石原 房雄

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.4, pp.283-290, 1965-10-10 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

9

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In the first report I have compared the elements in soil and drink water of 14 so called long life and 7 short life villages.This time I have analysed those of 10 long life and 12 short life villages (Table 1, 2). By their milligram equivalent ratio, I could described most clearly the difference between both villages, that is the ratio of Mg/Ca, Ca/K, Ca/Ca+Mg+K+Na, Ca-Na (Fig. 1, 3). Over again by the distributions curve of those equivalent ratio, it shows more evidently the difference both villages, such as the ratio of Mg/Ca on the lengthwise the ratio of Ca-Na on the breadthwise (Fig. 4, 5, 6).Farther I have analysed the trace elements in soil, such as Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd, and that of short life villages content always 2-3 times more than that of long life villages (Table 3).

著者

佐藤 英樹 鈴木 克彦 中路 重之 菅原 和夫 戸塚 学 佐藤 光毅

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.431-440, 1998-07-15 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

12 14

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We investigated the effects of acute endurance exercise and habitual physical activity for health maintenance on human neutrophil function in 12 untrained men. The acute exercise condition was a continuous exercise for 90 minutes at the intensity of 50% and 55% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) on an ergometer. The training program was 3km jogging three times per week for 8 weeks. The capacity of neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected with lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (LgCL) and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LmCL) on stimulation with opsonized zymosan (OZ) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA).As for the acute exercise effects, both LgCL and LmCL responses of neutrophils stimulated using PMA consistently increased after exercise at 50% VO2max, whereas those stimulated with OZ remained unchanged. At 55% VO2max, LgCL responses to both stimulants increase maximally 1h after exercise, and then decreased 3h after exercise, whereas LmCL responses to both stimulants increased continuously after exercise at 55% VO2max. These phenomena observed at 55% VO2max compared to 50% VO2max suggests the improved capacity of producing ROS neutrophils after exercise. The number of neutrophils also increased maximally 1h after exercise, due to the mobilization of band neutrophils (shift to the left), suggesting that functional changes was associated with cell mobilization. The increase in the capacity of neutrophils to produce ROS and marked neutrophilia following the acute endurance exercise suggests that a large quantity of ROS may be produced in vivo.As for the training effects, the LgCL and LmCL responses were maintained in the exercise group as compared to the decreased ones in the control group. The difference between the exercise group and the control group was observed only in LgCL response to OZ. Humoral immune factors (IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4) and serum opsonic activity were also unaltered. These phenomena suggest that homeostasis might be kept constant in terms of immunity through regular physical activity.

著者

東 賢一

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.143-146, 2018 (Released:2018-05-31)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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After the 1990s, many effective measures were taken to improve indoor air pollution in Japan. However, as a result of major changes in building materials, consumer products, and lifestyle, and new scientific findings on health effects associated with indoor environmental pollution, new issues have been indicated, such as chemical pollutants in indoor dusts or indoor pollutants caused by new chemicals that were substituted from chemicals that Indoor Air Quality Guideline was set. On the other hand, scientific evidence for the links between housing environment and health has accumulated substantially in recent decades. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) is developing Housing and Health Guidelines to provide policymakers with recommendations on healthy housing conditions such as thermal comfort, indoor air pollution, crowding, and home injuries. In this paper, the basic principles of healthy housing, the current status of Japanese dwellings, and the recent approaches of WHO are summarized.

著者

野村 卓生

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.107-110, 2016 (Released:2016-05-27)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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The limitations of what physical therapists can differ from country to country. In Japan, physical therapists are national licensed health care professionals who can help patients improve or restore their mobility. Most Japanese physical therapists provide care for people in health care facilities, medical-welfare transitional facilities, and welfare facilities for the elderly. Currently, physical therapists are unable to sufficiently contribute to primary preventive health care in Japan. However, there are many health problems that physical therapists could help alleviate. For example, low back pain (LBP) more likely than any other condition prevents people from working; thus, making the establishment of effective measures to prevent and reduce LBP vital. An estimated 20,500,000 Japanese individuals have diabetes mellitus (DM) or are at a high risk of developing the disease. DM commonly accompanies stroke and/or heart disease, and is characterized by complications that result from chronic hyperglycemia. Evidence-based physical therapy is effective for the prevention and treatment of LBP and DM. The Japanese Physical Therapy Association established the Japanese Society of Physical Therapy (JSPT) in June 2013. The JSPT has 12 departmental societies and 10 sections. We believe that the JSPT will advance the study of the potential role of physical therapists in primary preventive health care. In the future, it is expected that Japanese physical therapists will contribute to primary preventive health care.

著者

竹内 昌平 黒田 嘉紀

出版者

一般社団法人日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.48-52, 2010 (Released:2010-02-05)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

6 8

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Objectives: On April 24th, 2009, a new swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) was first reported in Mexico. Japan confirmed cases of the flu on May 9th, and the pandemic in Japan has become full-scale. The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan announced that the first peak of this pandemic was predicted to occur in October, 2009. Therefore, it is most important to predict the progress of this pandemic to be able to use medical resources effectively in Japan. Methods: We used a modified susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) model to calculate the number of infected people and hospital bed shortage during this pandemic. In this model, available medical resources were investigated on the basis of four vaccination scenarios. Results: Our model showed that it would take a further six months for the pandemic to peak than was predicted by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan. Without vaccination, at the peak of the pandemic 23,689 out of 400,000 people would be infected and the hospital bed shortage would reach 7,349 in total. Conclusions: We suggest that mathematical models are strong tools to predict the spread of infectious diseases. According to our model, it is possible to prevent hospital bed shortage by vaccination.