著者

大黒 静治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.44-54, 1961 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

98

被引用文献数

1

著者

趙 善英 松本 芳之 木村 裕

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.4, pp.313-320, 2009 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

5 2

---

This study examined the moderating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between public self-consciousness and social anxiety, and on the relationship between public self-consciousness and exhibitionism in Japan and South Korea. The participants were 213 university students in Japan and 234 university students in Korea. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that self-esteem was a moderator of the relationship between public self-consciousness and social anxiety and of the relationship between public self-consciousness and exhibitionism in Korea, but not in Japan. In Korea, public self-consciousness was related to social anxiety for people with low self-esteem, while for people with high self-esteem, public self-consciousness was related to exhibitionism.

著者

竹ヶ原 靖子 安保 英勇

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.1, pp.72-78, 2017 (Released:2017-04-25)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The present study examined effects of predictions made by a help-seeker about the emotions and costs of a helper on help-seeking behavior. We surveyed undergraduate and graduate students who completed a questionnaire and scenario task. The scenario presented that a person would face the trouble. The questionnaire presented a case where a person was troubled. Respondents were required to answer the following questions: (a) whether they would seek help; (b) whether the helper would respond to help-seeking; (c) the helper’s costs; (d) the negative moods of the helper. Covariance structure analysis of 189 participant responses revealed that help-seeker predictions about the helper’s emotions and costs were used to predict the intentions of the helper, which affected the intentions to seek help. We discuss these results with respect to interpersonal cognition in intimate relationships.

著者

古賀 行義

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.5, pp.953-977, 1934

---

(I) The term attitude has been used in various different meanings, but here I take it provisionally as the sum-total that a man feels, thinks and want to do. And from the statistical point of view, I dealt with opinions as it seems to be the verbal expression of attitude. What we measure out from these opinions will have something to do with attitudes, though we know a man's opinion may in some special situations be distorted from his attitude. As attitude is so complex a thing as it can never be measured with a single index, we must remember that what we do is only an aspect of it and therefore an abstraction. This measurment of attitudes towards sport will consist a part of the study of social attitudes, in youth, which I project to complete in future. As for the method of measurement I owed much to the honourab e work of L. L. Thurstone.<BR>(II) Having prepared 75 opinions which may or may not be justitled in accordance with attitudes towards sport, I laid them out to about 40 college students and asked to classify into 11 piles by their own merit for sport, and thus I selected 20 opinions by equal-appearing intervals on the scale. On the other hand, I showed these 20 opinions to 353 midd'e-school students and demanded them to pick up those opinions which they agree according to their own attitude. In this sort of case it is quite rare that those who strongly approve sport may pick up the opposite opinions, and in case there are two opinions which are for sport, it is reasonable to assume that those who endose one will also pick up the other. Anyhow all opinions have their unique reiabi ity. So we put the opinions to the same students again after two months to decide reiabiity coefficients. By these means we come at last to the following 5 statistical facts:&hellip;&hellip;(1) n<SUB>1</SUB>&hellip;&hellip;total unmber of individuals who endosed opinion no.1, (2) n<SUB>2</SUB> &hellip;&hellip; total number of individuals who endosed opinion no.2, (3) n<SUB>12</SUB>&hellip;&hellip;total number of individuals who endesed both opinions, (4) &rho;<SUB>1</SUB>&hellip;reliability of opinion no.1, (5) &rho;<SUB>2</SUB> &hellip;&hellip;reliability of opinion no.2. The simi-arity of all pairs of opinions were calculated by Thurstone's formula:&phi;= n<SUB>12</SUB>/(&rho;<SUB>1</SUB> &rho;<SUB>2</SUB> n<SUB>1</SUB> n<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUP>1/2</SUP> If we assume similarity coefficient corresponds to ordivate of normal distribution curve, we can find the deviation from mean for all &phi; in terms of standard deviation. Then we get the average of scale-separations between all pairs of opinions.<BR>(III) According to the order of opinions which we got from the college students, here we arrange the scale value of each opinion, giving zero to the least favourab e one.<BR>75) Sport makes man multilated 0.000<BR>68) Sport makes reckless man 0.108<BR>30) Sport compels man unnatural exercise 0.555<BR>65) Sport serves as means of money-making or advertisement 0.705<BR>58) Sport cost much money 0.819<BR>42) Sport demands much skill and time 1.173<BR>50) Sport is necessary for city-dwellers 1.288<BR>54) Sport makes man exciting 1.333<BR>43) Sport is good as it is manly 1.358<BR>12) Spott makes a man's movement alertl 1.404<BR>15) Sport makes a man's uw ll adamant 1.453<BR>5) Sport cultivates upright character 1.686<BR>From this list 8 opinions were automatically excluded, as, even if they were dealt with, it is difficult to put them along others. For example, &lsquo;Sport restrains champions&rsquo; will not noly be enclosed by both sides, but has as small reliability as &lsquo;Sport prevents healthy development of mind and body&rsquo;<BR>Nevt, by the preceeding sca'e valne we marked the opinions endosed by 1614 middle and higher clioo students, and averaging them to survey the state of distribution we found they are fairly skewed towards the approval-side.

著者

青木 孝悦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.3, pp.125-136, 1972-08-10 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

4 3

---

In the previous study (Aoki, 1971a) 455 personality trait words were selected and classified into 17 categories on the basis of their meanings. In the present study, in addition to the 455 trait words, 125 new trait words were added, and therefore, a total of 580 trait words were reclassified into 11 categories for the purpose of factor analysis.Subjects (Ss) were 107 male adults, aged 35 to 45. Each S was given two categories, each containing 49 to 63 words. Instructions given to the Ss were like the following: “The purpose of this study is to find out what words people commonly use to describe a characteristic of person. You will be given a list of words. Your task is to judge mutual similarities of meanings among these words and to select from the same list similar words for each word as many as you can. For example, when you were given the word “kind”, you might respond with such words as generous, friendly, tender, sympathetic, warm-hearted, and so on. The words are to be written to the right of the given word. This procedure will be continued through all the words in each category.All legible responses made by each S were tallied separately for each of the 11 categories. This procedure permitted an assessment of relative frequency of responses to the various words within each category. For each category the responses in terms of relative frequency were factor analysed by the principal axis method with geometric rotation (Kashiwagi, 1965). Four to six factors were extracted for each category, bringing the total to 57.From these results a set of 236 trait words was assembled. The set consisted of 57 trait words which had the highest loading for each obtained factor, plus 179 which did not fall into either obtained factor, having lower loadings than .15. In order to construct personality aspects from this set, the words were paired as many as possible in such a way that each word would have an antonym. 63 paired personality aspects were tentatively constructed and compared with Cattell's 42 spheres (1957) and Miyagi's 35 scales (1969). On the basis of this comparison, 66 personality aspects were finally determined.

著者

梅本 堯夫

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.23-28, 1951

被引用文献数

3 7

---

In this study the writer has determined the association values of 1016 Japanese two syllable nonsense words. These syllables were divided into four groups, and each group was read to two classes of Ss in reversed order. Ss were 404 high school students. After giving sufficient information on the nature of the association performance, the E reads the syllables at the rate of one syllable per five seconds. Ss were instructed to write down any associated word, while attending to the experimenter's reading. When there was no time to write down any, Ss had to mark a circle on the syllable. When they found the word impressive, though not meaningful, Ss had to mark a triangle. The association values ranged from 82% (o-pe) to 3% (pu-nu), the average was 26.02%. The reliability was tested by caliculating the coefficients of correlation between the results of two classes of Ss, performed on the same list, and between boys and girls in the same class. These values were r=0.49 and r=0.76 respectively.

著者

西村 多久磨 村上 達也 櫻井 茂男

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.4, pp.345-355, 2018-10

著者

林 潤一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.6, pp.514-521, 2009 (Released:2011-11-03)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2 2

---

The present study developed and evaluated the Automatic Thoughts List following Dilatory Behavior (ATL-DB) to explore the mediation hypothesis and the content-specificity hypothesis about the automatic thoughts with trait procrastination and emotions. In Study 1, data from 113 Japanese college students were used to choose 22 items to construct the ATL-DB. Two factors were indentified, I. Criticism of Self and Behavior, II. Difficulty in Achievement. These factors had high degrees of internal consistency and had positive correlations to trait procrastination. In Study 2, the relationships among trait procrastination, the automatic thoughts, depression, and anxiety were examined in 261 college students by using Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that the influence of trait procrastination on depression was mainly mediated through Criticism of Self and Behavior only, while the influence of trait procrastination to anxiety was mediated through Criticism of Self and Behavior and Difficulty in Achievement. Therefore, the mediation hypothesis was supported and the content-specificity hypothesis was partially supported.

著者

織田 弥生 髙野 ルリ子 阿部 恒之 菊地 賢一

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.6, pp.579-589, 2015 (Released:2015-02-25)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1 3

---

We developed the 33-item Emotion and Arousal Checklist (EACL), which consisted of five subscales to assess emotions (Fear, Anger, Sadness, Disgust, and Happiness) and four subscales to assess arousal (Energetic arousal +, Energetic arousal −, Tense arousal +, and Tense arousal −). This checklist was developed to assess psychological state, both at a given moment and during the past week. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analyses identified nine subscales, whose internal consistency was indicated by their reliability. In Study 2, the EACL’s validity was demonstrated by its correlation with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Multiple Mood Scale, General Arousal Checklist, Japanese UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist, and Profile of Mood States. In Study 3, changes caused by tasks that involved either reading emotion-inducing articles or performing a calculation indicated the validity of the EACL for measuring psychological state at a given moment. Further, the test-retest reliability of the EACL for assessing psychological state during the past week was confirmed. These studies confirmed the reliability and the validity of the EACL.

著者

橋本 泰央 小塩 真司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15215, (Released:2016-07-09)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

2 3

---

This study was used to develop a Japanese version of the International Personality Item Pool-Interpersonal Circumplex and examined its reliability and validity. Participants included 625 Japanese university students. They completed the IPIP-IPC-J and one or two other scales: the Japanese version of Ten Item Personality Inventory (Oshio et al., 2012); a short form of the Japanese Big Five Scale (Namikawa et al., 2012); the Japanese Version of Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (Tamura et al., 2015); the Friendship scale (Okada, 1995); or the Assertion Inventory (Murayama et al., 1991). The IPIP-IPC-J was administered again to 65 participants five weeks later to determine test-retest reliability. The results generally supported the reliability and validity of the IPIP-IPC-J.

著者

澤田 忠幸

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.6, pp.611-617, 2019 (Released:2019-02-25)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 1

---

This study examined how the lifestyle of fathers of infants and their awareness of expectations from their wives are related to their life satisfaction and co-parenting behavior. Participants were 233 fathers whose youngest child was younger than five years. Based on their balance of energy investment among work, family, and personal activities, they were categorized into four lifestyle types. Based on their average scores of scales of awareness of expectations from their wives for working and co-parenting, they were also categorized into four groups. It was found that the fathers’ life satisfaction and co-parenting behavior were not different among the four lifestyles. Being aware of expectations from their wives for working and co-parenting, however, did influence their division of co-parenting behavior and their life satisfaction. These results were discussed on marital relation and traditional gender bias.

著者

佐藤 淳一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.3, pp.203-210, 2005-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

5 2

---

The purpose of this study was to construct Jung's Psychological Types Scale (JPTS), and to examine its reliability and validity. First, 87 pairs of items were written, and their content validity examined by two Jungian analysts, who judged 74 pairs of them to be appropriate. In Study 1 542 undergraduates, 245 men and 297 women, responded to the interim scale. Exploratory factor analysis found three factors: extraversion-introversion (E-I), thinking-feeling (T-F), and sensation-intuition (S-N). Results of additional factor analyses indicated that the three factors were almost orthogonal. Then, nine item pairs each for the subscales were selected for the JPTS. The scale had high alpha and test-retest reliability coefficients. In Study 2, concurrent validity of the scale was examined in terms of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) Form M. The correlations showed meaningful patterns for concurrent validity. In addition, the scale was evaluated in terms of NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), a five-factor model (FFM) scale. The result showed that the three factors of E-I, T-F, and S-N corresponded to Extraversion (positive), Agreeableness (negative), and Openness (negative) of NEO-FFI, respectively.

著者

篠塚 寛美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.3, pp.163-172, 1997-08-28 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

3

---

The experiment of this paper studied the role social orientation would play in double-dilemma situations. In a double-dilemma situation, social dilemmas exist both between and within groups; a cooperation choice at the within-groups level is considered a defection choice at the between-groups level, and vice versa. Using such a situation, whether “others” in other-orientedness are limited to those of the ingroup or include those of a competing group was examined. Each of 132 college students played both an ordinary social dilemma game and a doubledilemma game, with equivalent incentive structures. Subjects' social orientation was measured a few days after the experiment. Results indicated that other-oriented subjects thought only about ingroup members, and did not care much about the others. Furthermore, social orientation did not affect whether subjects acted similarly or differently for the two dilemma situations. Therefore, social orientation approach to intergroup conflicts apparently had its limitations.

著者

森 数馬 岩永 誠

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.85.13401, (Released:2014-10-01)

参考文献数

101

被引用文献数

2

---

While enjoying music and other works of art, people sometimes experience “chills,” a strong emotional response characterized by a sensation of goose bumps or shivers. Such experiences differ from having goose bumps as a defense response or from shivering in reaction to cold temperatures. The current paper presents the phenomenon of music-induced chills and reviews the chill-related emotional response, autonomic nervous system activity, and brain activity. It also reviews the musico-acoustic features, listening contexts, and individual differences that cause chills. Based on the review, we propose a hypothetical model regarding the evocation of music-induced chills. Furthermore, we investigate the strong emotional response associated with chills by exploring the relationship between music-related chills and non-music-related chills, and discuss future research directions.

著者

上倉 安代 大川 一郎 井手 正和 和田 真

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.19216, (Released:2020-07-30)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

---

In cognitive science, self-disturbance in schizophrenia is regarded as an unusual sense of body ownership. This study examined the possibility of discriminating self-disturbance between patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals using the rubber hand illusion (RHI). We evaluated RHI in inpatients with schizophrenia with mainly negative symptoms (n = 26) and normal control subjects (n = 10). The group with schizophrenia had a significantly higher score than the control group on only the following item: “It seemed as if I might have an extra left hand,” suggesting that patients with schizophrenia have strong self-disturbance. This indicates that it is difficult for them to have an appropriate sense of body ownership and normal reality testing. The RHI evaluation might be useful as an assessment tool for schizophrenia since it is easy to use for evaluating self-disturbance, even when not recognized by patients with schizophrenia themselves. This study supports the usefulness of the RHI evaluation as a tool for assessing self-disturbance in patients with schizophrenia.

著者

小川 時洋 松田 いづみ 常岡 充子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.19016, (Released:2020-09-15)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2

---

The present study focused on temporal changes of physiological activities within trials during the concealed information test (CIT). Participants were assigned to two groups with an inter-stimulus interval (ISI) of 50 or 25 seconds in the CIT. A relevant item was a piece of jewelry that a participant stole in the preceding mock theft task. Measures were skin conductance level (SCL), skin conductance response (SCR), heart rate (HR), normalized pulse volume (NPV), and self-reported arousal and surprise. The results showed that physiological changes in response to irrelevant items tended to return to pre-stimulus levels within 25 seconds. Physiological recoveries were slower for SCL and HR but faster for NPV for the relevant item than for irrelevant items. Pre-stimulus physiological levels were maintained until the relevant item was presented and then declined, which was similar to the peak of tension effect. Results in the self-reported measures were in line with the physiological measures. Practical and theoretical implications were discussed.

著者

大谷 和大 山村 麻予

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.5, pp.499-503, 2017 (Released:2017-12-25)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 4

---

This study investigated the effect of emphasis on classroom social goals (compliance goals vs. prosocial goals) on psychological reactance and intention to share the goals. Elementary school children (N = 139) participated in a questionnaire-based experiment. In the experiment, two hypothetical scenarios were presented in which hypothetical teachers emphasized classroom social goals (i.e., compliance goals, representing the minimum level of compliance with rules, versus prosocial goals, representing the ideal level of compliance with rules), and the participants were asked to rate their psychological reactance and intention to share the goal related to each condition. A within-participant t test revealed that compliance goals were higher in psychological reactance. Twocondition within-participant mediation analysis also revealed that compliance goals indirectly undermined the children’s intention to share the goals, mediated by psychological reactance.

著者

佐藤 德 杉浦 義典

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.6, pp.605-611, 2014-02-25 (Released:2014-04-15)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

7 7

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Previous studies showed that incidental feelings of disgust could make moral judgments more severe. In the present study, we investigated whether individual differences in mindfulness modulated automatic transference of disgust into moral judgment. Undergraduates were divided into high- and low-mindfulness groups based on the mean score on each subscale of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Participants were asked to write about a disgusting experience or an emotionally neutral experience, and then to evaluate moral (impersonal vs. high-conflict personal) and non-moral scenarios. The results showed that the disgust induction made moral judgments more severe for the low “acting with awareness” participants, whereas it did not influence the moral judgments of the high “acting with awareness” participants irrespective of type of moral dilemma. The other facets of the FFMQ did not modulate the effect of disgust on moral judgment. These findings suggest that being present prevents automatic transference of disgust into moral judgment even when prepotent emotions elicited by the thought of killing one person to save several others and utilitarian reasoning conflict.

著者

丸山 淳市 藤 桂

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.14059, (Released:2016-01-15)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

7 5

---

In this study we aimed to examine the contents of humor in the Japanese workplace and to understand the effects of humor on mental/physical health and self-evaluation of job performance. Japanese workers (N = 436) responded to questionnaires addressing workplace humor, feelings about workplace, workplace communication, mental/physical health, and perceived job performance. An exploratory factor analysis indicated that there are five types of workplace humor: norm-violating humor, experience-sharing humor, workplace-enjoying humor, people-recalling humor, and outside-mocking humor. A covariance structural analysis showed that norm-violating humor and workplace-enjoying humor decreased mental and physical health by promoting both negative feelings in the workplace and self-disclosure about the negative side of work. Results also revealed that experience-sharing humor, people-recalling humor, and outside-mocking humor had a positive effect on the self-evaluation of job performance as well as mental and physical health, by promoting both positive feelings and mutual communication in the workplace. Results suggest that humor in the workplace has various influences on workers depending on the type of workplace humor.

著者

向井 智哉 松木 祐馬 木村 真利子 近藤 文哉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.19211, (Released:2020-07-30)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

1

---

This study aims to explore how the relationship between punitiveness and attributional style differs between Japan and Korea. Data from 330 Japanese and 339 Koreans were analyzed. Multi-group structural equation modeling showed that in both Japan and Korea, punitiveness consisted of three factors (support for harsher punishment, greater criminalization, and use of the death penalty) while the attributional style consisted of two factors (dispositional attribution and situational attribution). In both countries, dispositional attribution was related to punitiveness. Regarding differences, the scores for punitiveness on all three subscale scores and for dispositional attribution were higher in Korea whereas the negative relationship between punitiveness subscale scores and situational attribution was stronger in Japan. This suggests that Japanese are less likely to support punitive measures for criminals and to attribute the causes of crime to the criminals themselves than Koreans. In addition, when deciding on the severity of punishment, Japanese are more likely to take situational causes into consideration.