著者

坂本 正裕 プリブル チャールズ キートン ジェームズ

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.6, pp.491-507, 1998-02-28 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

87

被引用文献数

1 4

---

The ability to communicate effectively has a profound impact on academic ability and social status in the United States. As such, communication avoidance may impart critical consequences on individuals who suffer from it. Within the communication discipline, communication avoidance is an extensive body of research with a relatively long history. Central to communication avoidance research is the concept of communication apprehension (CA). However, in comparison with research conducted in the United States, CA research in Japan remains in its genesis. This review thus focuses on communication apprehension and related constructs. Starting with an explanation of the magnitude of the problem of communication avoidance, a definition of CA is presented, and an overview of the related constructs of reticence, shyness, and other communication-related fears is introduced. Basic CA treatment programs and personality correlates of CA are also covered. The review closes by offering suggestions for future CA research in Japan.

著者

遠藤 香織 苧阪 満里子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.6, pp.554-559, 2012 (Released:2012-08-18)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

4 7

---

Working memory is a system for processing and storing information. The Reading Span Test (RST), developed by Daneman and Carpenter (1980), is well-known for assessing individual difference in working memory. In the present investigation, we used the Japanese version of the RST (Osaka, 2002) and analyzed individual differences in strategy use from the viewpoint of strategy type (rehearsal, chaining, word-image, scene-image, and initial letter) and frequency of use (used in almost all trials, in half the trials, or not used). Data from the participants (N = 132) were assigned to groups according to the scores, for the total number of words correctly recalled and the proportion correct. The results showed that the frequency of word-image strategy use differed significantly between high-scoring subjects (HSS) and low-scoring subjects (LSS). HSS mainly used word-image and chaining strategies, while LSS used rehearsal and chaining strategies. This indicates that HSS used both verbal and visual strategies, whereas LSS relied only on verbal strategies. The use of the word-image is important for effective retention of words in memory.

著者

石田 容士 阿部 純一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.6, pp.485-493, 2010

被引用文献数

1

---

Sperber and Wilson (1981) proposed that the speaker who uttered the expectation that is contradicted by irony is identified as the victim of the irony by the echoic mention of his/her utterance. We conducted two experiments to explore whether the victim of irony is identified by echoic mention. Experiment 1 examined the validity of this hypothesis using three conditions. In the Hearer (H) echo condition, the speaker who is echoed is the hearer of the potential irony. In the No-Hearer (NH) echo condition, the speaker who is echoed is not the hearer of the potential irony. The third condition is the no-echo condition. The result supported the hypothesis. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the H echo factor and the NH echo factor in 4 conditions. The results replicated Experiment 1, and showed that the NH is identified as the victim of irony more than the H. These results suggest that echoic mention and also status in the discourse are factors in the comprehension of irony.

著者

相良 守次

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.73-103, 1930 (Released:2010-07-16)

著者

長峯 聖人 湯 立 三和 秀平 海沼 亮 浅山 慧 外山 美樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.1, pp.65-75, 2022 (Released:2023-04-25)

参考文献数

27

---

Scheduling is essential for the pursuit of everyday goals. Individual differences in scheduling are known as scheduling styles. Two subtypes of scheduling styles, clock-time style (based on time) and event-time style (based on progress), have recently been focused on as being related to individual differences in self-control. This study developed the Japanese version of the Task Scheduling Questionnaire (TSQ) for assessing people’s trait-like scheduling styles. We conducted three studies to examine the relationship between scheduling styles and university students’ pursuit of academic goals. Studies 1 and 2 surveyed university and high school students. The results indicated that the Japanese version of the TSQ had good reliability and validity. Study 3, using the Japanese version of the TSQ, revealed that the event-time style was positively associated with academic engagement, learning behavior, and university students’ academic performance. In contrast, the clock-time style was not associated with academic indicators. We have discussed the limitations of this study and the relationship between clock-time style and everyday goal pursuit.

著者

三浦 麻子 松村 真宏 北山 聡

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.5, pp.446-452, 2008 (Released:2011-10-15)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

7

---

Weblogs are one of the most popular personal websites in Japan, where entries are made in journal style and displayed in reverse chronological order. This study examined the relationship between weblog authors' target audience (i.e., orientation) and the actual situations depicted in their weblogs by combining a questionnaire survey of the authors with an analysis of their weblog content data. Based on a questionnaire survey of 736 Japanese weblog authors, their target audience was divided into four clusters: (a)general public, (b)self, (c)self and offline friends, and (d)various others. To assess the actual situations depicted in their weblogs, the amount of happy and unhappy emotional expression in their writing and the frequency of interpersonal communication (comments, bookmarks, and trackbacks) were calculated from their log data. The results suggested that weblog authors wrote different types of content and used different types of communication depending on their audience, whereas the weblog content itself still showed the diary-like characteristic of personal daily-life records.

著者

安達 智子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.1, pp.27-34, 2008 (Released:2011-03-16)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

4 4

---

This questionnaire study investigated career consciousness among 348 Japanese female freshman and sophomore college students. Variables included career consciousness (belief in the idea of a best-fit vocation, passivity, and giving priority to personal interests), vocational motives (self-improvement, interpersonal, status), as well as career decision-making self-efficacy (self-appraisal, gathering occupational information) and career exploration (self and environmental exploration). The results of causal analyses showed that the belief in the idea of a best-fit vocation and passivity had effects on all three vocational motives, but giving priority to personal interests had an effect only on motivation for self-improvement. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models were constructed with career exploration as dependent variables, career consciousness as fixed factors, and career decision-making self-efficacy as covariates. The results of the analyses showed that students who had high career decision-making self-efficacy engaged in both self exploration and environmental exploration activities with a higher frequency. Students with a greater passive tendency toward their career engaged in both self and environmental exploration with a lower frequency. Belief in the idea of a best-fit vocation was associated only with differences in frequency of self exploration. Giving priority to personal interests did not produce differences in career exploration activities.

著者

織田 涼 服部 雅史 西田 勇樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.17201, (Released:2018-08-10)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

12

---

This paper proposes a new Japanese version of the Remote Associates Task (RAT). In a process of solving an insight problem, people often come to an impasse and end with an experience of surprise (“Aha!”) when they finally find their solution or are informed of the correct solution. We devised a set of 80 RAT problems that were intended to have the solver reach an impasse by evoking a certain fixed term. Two experiments showed that people have a stronger “Aha!” experience when they encounter the new RAT than the one proposed previously. The current paper provides a list of problems from the new RAT and basic data including the solution rate and the degree of the “Aha!” experience for each problem.

著者

菅沼 慎一郎 中野 美奈 下山 晴彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.3, pp.229-239, 2018 (Released:2018-08-28)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

3 1

---

Recently, the adaptive function of resignation in psychological health is widely noted, especially from the standpoint of its relationship with mindfulness and acceptance. In this study, we developed two scales: one for measuring the stress-monitoring intention and one for measuring adaptive resignation. Then, we examined the relationship between stress-monitoring intention and psychological health in the light of the adaptive function of resignation. A questionnaire study was carried out with 600 Japanese workers in their 20s to 40s (300 males and 300 females: mean age = 35.37 years, SD = 7.66 years). The questionnaire’s reliability and validity were demonstrated. Mediation analysis revealed mediated effects of adaptive resignation in the relationship between stress-monitoring intention and psychological health. This result suggested that stress-monitoring intention has a dual face to psychological health, and the adaptive resignation eases the negative relationship, and amplifies the positive relationship. Finally, the meaning of this study’s results in terms of cognitive behavioral therapy and stress education in Japan are discussed.

著者

宮崎 弦太

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.6, pp.566-572, 2023 (Released:2023-02-25)

参考文献数

23

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This study examined whether perceived partner responsiveness in romantic relationships would moderate the association between communal orientation and subjective well-being. An online survey was conducted among 516 Japanese adults involved in romantic relationships. Participants first completed the Communal Orientation Scale and answered questions about their perceived partner responsiveness. Participants were then asked to recollect their experiences when they provided benefits to their partner in the past month and to indicate their feelings about these experiences. Finally, participants completed scales measuring subjective well-being (Life Satisfaction Scale and the PANAS). The results revealed a positive association between communal orientation and subjective well-being, observed only among those who perceived high partner responsiveness. Contrary to the hypotheses, moderated mediation effects of participants’ felt authenticity and regret in providing benefits to their romantic partner were not found. These results suggest that communal orientation is more likely to be associated with one’s well-being when individuals feel secure about their partner’s responsiveness.

著者

大久保 街亜 田中 嘉彦 鳥山 理恵 石川 健太

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.3, pp.240-248, 2022 (Released:2022-08-25)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

1

---

The quantitative assessment of footedness is required in various fields, such as psychology, neuroscience, sports science, medicine, and medical practice. While the Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire-Revised (WFQ-R) is the most accepted measurement of footedness, a Japanese translation of the WFQ-R is still not available. In the present study, we developed a Japanese translation of the WFQ-R and tested its validity and reliability. Five hundred and forty-seven university students (153 women) were administered the questionnaire online. Seventy-six of the 547 participants were tested twice to assess the test-retest reliability. We found that the Japanese translation of WFQ-R had a two-factor structure (manipulation and balance), as its developer proposed, and high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. These results suggest that the Japanese translation of the WFQ-R is a valid and reliable measure of footedness.

著者

田島 勇二 栗山 七重 志水 佑后 佐々木 淳

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.3, pp.230-239, 2023 (Released:2023-08-25)

参考文献数

28

---

Scenario-based emotional stimuli can deal with environmental restrictions, psychological shocks, and difficulties in evoking complex emotions. This study aimed to translate the emotion vignettes by Wingenbach et al. (2019) into Japanese and validate them. In the translation process based on the ISPOR guidelines, two forward translators translated the vignettes into Japanese, and then one back-translator translated them into English. After receiving confirmation and correction from the original author, 40 vignettes to elicit emotions (anger, disgust, fear, sadness, happiness, gratitude, guilt, and neutral) were developed. Next, a survey was conducted on 70 Japanese college students. As a result of the analysis without the vignettes with the lowest hit rate in each emotional category, the vignettes in each emotional category were separated by hierarchical cluster analysis, and the vignettes had acceptable hit rates and intensity rates. These results confirmed the validity of the emotion vignettes, and 32 vignettes are included in the final stimulus set. These stimuli can be used for emotion research (e.g., emotion elicitation or emotion recognition).

著者

青木 孝悦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.1, pp.1-13, 1971-04-10 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

31 33

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1) About 6, 000 personality trait words were collected from a standard Japanese dictionary (Meikai Kokugo Jiten, 88th ed.), 217 students' free descriptions of other persons and 43 students' free descriptions of themselves. Of these words, 517 were classified by more than four of the six raters into the category corresponding to the first category (generalized and personalized determining tendencies-consistent and stable modes of an individual's adjustment to his environment) of Allport and Odbert's study in 1936.2) Out of these 517 words, 455 were rated concerning personal desirability by 100 male college students and by 100 male adults from 40 to 49 years old. The results were compared between two groups in the medians and quartile-ranges. The comparisons showed wider ranges of the student group in the rating of individual words than those of the adult group, and a stronger tendency of the student group to use the rating points around the neutral point of these scales. These differences seem to reflect generation gaps.3) Personality trait words were analyzed also from their frequencies of uses to describe other persons. A group of the most frequent 127 words were determined by a criterion that the words were selected by at least five members of each of two groups of 139 and 78 students.4) On the basis of their meanings, the 455 words, were classified into 10 categories.

著者

榊原 雅人 寺本 安隆 谷 伊織

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.3, pp.284-293, 2014 (Released:2014-08-25)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

10 9

---

The present study aimed to develop a short-form self-report measure to assess relaxation effects (S-MARE). Participants (N = 190) responded to a questionnaire comprised of 45 items assessing relaxation and non-relaxation based on the Relaxation Inventory (Crist et al., 1989). Exploratory factor analysis identified three factors: physiological tension, psychological relaxation, and anxiety. Each factor was related to 5 items and each had an acceptable Cronbach’s coefficient (α = .93, .94, and .85). S-MARE scores pre- and post- relaxation instruction were significantly correlated with the Emotional Relaxation Scale (Tokuda, 2011) (r = .446) and with State Anxiety (r = –.531) (N = 172). There was a significant correlation between the amplitude of the high frequency component of heart rate variability during relaxation instruction and physiological tension scores on the S-MARE (r = .456—.474, N = 24). These results confirmed the reliability and validity of the S-MARE in terms of physiological correlation with cardiac parasympathetic tone, suggesting that the S-MARE is a valid measure of relaxation effects.

著者

宮下 敏恵 門前 進

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.6, pp.457-464, 1998-02-28 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

16

---

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of negative-sentence suggestions on feelings and behaviors. Feelings and behaviors were classified under the axes of pleasant-unpleasant, and low-high activity. Sixteen subjects (six males and ten females) were induced into a light hypnotic state, and were given suggestions of feelings and behaviors in negative-sentence form. Aside of the above-mentioned suggestions, suggestions of neutral feeling and behavior in affirmative-sentence form was given as baseline. The subjects were then requested to rate the effect, which was stated in affirmative-sentence form. For example, if subject was given a negative-sentence suggestion that your feelings are not sad, then subject asked to rate his feelings of sadness. The results showed that negative-sentence suggestions had affirmative effects when the rated feeling was unpleasant, regardless of its activity level. They had negative effects when the rated feeling or behavior was pleasant and low in activity.

著者

内田 遼介 寺口 司 大工 泰裕

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.1, pp.1-11, 2020 (Released:2020-04-25)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

2

---

Corporal punishment in the setting of extracurricular school sport activities (bukatsu in Japan) has attracted public attention since 2013. Previous research studies attempted to characterize the actual conditions of corporal punishment in bukatsu. Several studies have demonstrated that direct experience with corporal punishment in bukatsu led to a favorable attitude toward corporal punishment among those that received it. However, these studies did not take into consideration extraneous variables (e.g., sex, age, aggression) that may contribute to the development of favorable attitudes. The purpose of this study was to re-examine the results of previous studies using a modified research design and statistical analysis plan. Participants were 287 individuals, aged 18 to 65 years. Hierarchical multiple regression showed that direct experience with corporal punishment in bukatsu positively influenced favorable attitudes toward corporal punishment even after controlling for several extraneous variables. Moreover, the direct effect of experiencing corporal punishment in bukatsu was fully mediated by the perceived effectiveness of corporal punishment. These results extend this field of research by complementing previous research.

著者

小岩 広平 若島 孔文 浅井 継悟 高木 源 吉井 初美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.92.20048, (Released:2021-08-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 4

---

The purpose of this study was to address the issue of the fear of COVID-19 among nurses and to determine the extent to which three factors affected their fear of COVID-19: (a) personal factors, (b) working conditions, and (c) coping behaviors. We conducted a web-based survey of 152 nurses working in the Tohoku region. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that living with elderly people, working in the small hospital, and working long hours at night affected their fear of COVID-19. The results also revealed that “escape from anxiety” as a coping behavior led to a fear of COVID-19. These results suggested that the fear of becoming a source of infection may increase a nurse’s fear of COVID-19 and that the accumulation of physical fatigue may also lead to a fear of COVID-19. In addition, the results suggested that avoidant coping behaviors were related with infection fears, and that organizational support may be able to reduce nurses’ fear of COVID-19.

著者

伊藤 拓 樋口 匡貴 荒井 弘和 中村 菜々子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.2, pp.129-138, 2023 (Released:2023-06-25)

参考文献数

22

---

Cross-sectional research has indicated that the psychological variables of the protective motive theory and normative focus theory are related to avoidance behaviors around going out or contacting others during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there has been no longitudinal research investigating whether these psychological variables predict similar behaviors. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine whether these psychological variables predicted such behaviors immediately after the termination of the COVID-19 pandemic state of emergency. A total of 781 participants completed a web-based survey immediately before and after the termination of the state of emergency in Tokyo. A cross-lagged effects model was used to analyze psychological predictors. The results indicated that the perceived self-efficacy of avoidance behaviors (β = .099), injunctive norms (β = .135), and descriptive norms (β = -.061) immediately before the state of emergency termination predicted avoidance behaviors around going out or contacting others immediately after the termination. These results suggested causal relationships between perceived self-efficacy, descriptive norms, and injunctive norms and avoidance behaviors around going out or contacting others.

著者

丹野 義彦 石垣 琢磨 杉浦 義典

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.5, pp.379-386, 2000-12-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

6 7

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In order to measure thematic tendencies of paranoid ideation in non-clinical samples, Delusional Ideation Checklist (DICL) was developed. A wide range of items indicating themes of delusion were collected. From the results of factor analysis on the data of 308 college students, eight scales were constructed. They were: alienation, belittlement, persecution, other-harming, guardedness, self-conceit, favoredness, and other-manipulation. These scales could be classified in terms of emotion: positive versus negative, and direction: self versus others, and could deal with themes of paranoid ideation in a comprehensive and systematic way. Alpha coefficients of the scales were between .66 and .87, and test-retest reliability between .49 and .71. To examine content validity, ten psychiatrists were asked to rate diagnostic importance for each scale item. Six scales were rated as significantly more important in the diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia than that of anxiety neurosis. Current data revealed that ordinary students experienced delusional ideation more frequently than psychiatrists would expect.

著者

山崎 末彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1-2, pp.119-125, 1943 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

1