著者

伊藤 正哉 川崎 直樹 小玉 正博

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.6, pp.560-568, 2011 (Released:2011-08-10)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

7 5

---

Previous research and theory (Crocker & Wolfe, 2001; Kernis, 2003) suggests that adaptive self-esteem stems from just being oneself, and is characterized by a sense of authenticity (SOA). Maladaptive self-esteem is derived from meeting external standards and social comparisons, and is characterized by a sense of superiority (SOS). Thus, the qualitative difference between SOA and SOS depends on the sources of self-esteem. We hypothesized that SOA is related to internal sources of self-esteem, while SOS is related to external sources. In order to control for covariance, global self-esteem was also examined in a questionnaire survey of self-esteem that was administered to 273 university students. The results of a partial correlation analysis showed that SOA was positively correlated with internal sources of self-esteem such as committed activities and efforts for self-development. In contrast, SOS was positively correlated with external sources of self-esteem such as approval from others and appearance. These results mainly support our hypotheses.

著者

佐藤 洋輔 宇野 カオリ 沢宮 容子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.94.21239, (Released:2023-02-01)

参考文献数

39

---

This study aimed to develop the Japanese version of the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS). The original scale was designed to assess the acceptance of one’s identity as an LGB person. We examined the reliability and validity of the translated Japanese version using data from 703 Japanese LGB people. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the Japanese version of the LGBIS has a four-factor structure, in contrast to the eight-factor structure of the original version: negative image and affect toward LGB identity, identity centrality, identity affirmation, and identity uncertainty. Furthermore, internal consistency and test-retest correlations indicated that the scale has good reliability. The four subscales correlated with various identity-related measures. The correlations between indicators of mental health and both negative affect and affirmation about LGB identity were mostly consistent with the current theory of minority stress, which provide evidence of good validity for the Japanese version of the LGBIS. Thus, the Japanese version of the LGBIS is suitable for the assessment of identity acceptance among the Japanese LGB population.

著者

市倉 加奈子 日野 亜弥子 田上 明日香 井村 里穂 石田 陽菜 深瀬 裕子 村山 憲男 村瀬 華子 島津 明人 平井 啓 田ヶ谷 浩邦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.94.21046, (Released:2023-02-01)

参考文献数

39

---

Workplace changes, such as remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic, have caused serious psychological distress for workers. The aim of this study was to examine job stressors and coping strategies among Japanese workers during the pandemic. The study was a qualitative methods approach using a web-based survey for Japanese workers in May 2020. We asked about job stressors and coping strategies with free text comments. We performed context analysis and categorized job stressors and coping strategies. Of the participants, 59.2 % suffered psychological stress from workplace changes during the pandemic. We identified 11 categories of job stressors including “work-life balance,” “lack of communication,” “overwork,” and “diminishing work role.” We also identified 16 categories of coping strategies including “distraction,” “dealing with work tasks,” “looking for ways to communicate,” “environmental coordination of work-at-home,” “online chatting,” and “psychological disengagement.” This study shows that Japanese workers tried many ways to manage their job stressors under the burden of the state of emergency. In the future, we should examine the association between coping strategies and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic.

著者

室山 晴美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.6, pp.454-462, 1995-02-20 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

3 2

---

The first purpose of this study was to examine and define rivalry as a form of interpersonal relationship. The second was to investigate what factors most affected the interpersonal attraction between rivals. University students were indiviaually interviewed and asked whether or not they had any current or past rivals. If they had any, they were then asked to describe some aspects of their rivalry, such as the situation in which it occurred, its outcomes, the feelings toward the rival, and its effects on their and rivals' behavior. Results showed that rivals were frequently described as competitive partners sharing the same goal, having similar abilities, and affecting each other in positive ways. According to the level of attraction between the rivals, rivalry was categorized into four types: task-oriented, opponent, fellow, and good-friend. In relation to the four rivalry types, three aspects of competition were examined: equal versus unequal, onesided versus mutual, and result-oriented versus person-oriented.

著者

上田 琢哉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.327-332, 1996-10-28 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

9 5

---

In past studies, the concept of self acceptance has often been confused with self evaluation or self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to distinguish these concepts, and operationally define self-acceptance as Carl Rogers proposed: feeling all right toward the self when self-evaluation was low. Self-acceptance as adaptive resignation, a moderating variable, therefore should raise self-esteem of only those people with low self-evaluation. Self-acceptance was measuerd in the study as affirmative evaluation of own self-evaluation. Two hundred and forty college students, 120 each for men and women, completed a questionnaire of self-evaluative consciousness and self-esteem scales. Results of statistical analyses showed that among subjects with low self-evaluation, the higher self-acceptance, the higher the person's self-esteem, The same relation was not observed among those with high self-evaluation. Thus, it may be concluded that self-acceptance was adaptive resignation, and therefore meaningful to only those with low self evaluation.

著者

林 文俊 堀内 孝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.6, pp.452-457, 1997-02-28 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

6 5

---

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate H statistic, proposed by Linville (1985, 1987), as an index for cognitive complexity of the self. Linville asserted that high self-complexity would act as a buffer against life stress or depression. One hundred and eighty-seven undergraduates sorted 40 personality-trait adjectives into as many categories as necessary in order to describe themselves. In addition, 126 participants filled out several scales including self-consciousness and esteem. Main findings were as follows: (a) H statistic was not significantly associated with any variable related to the self-ratings, and showed no stress-buffering effect. (b) On the other hand, participants who had high cognitive complexity for the negative aspects of the self, as operationalized by Woolfolk, Novalany, Gara, Allen, and Polino (1995), were low in self-esteem and high in public self-consciousness. The results suggest that cognitive complexity of the negative self may indicate a predisposition for depression or neurosis. (c) Also, women scored significantly higher than men on cognitive complexity of the negative self.

著者

佐藤 方哉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.6, pp.372-393, 1961 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

189

著者

福井 義一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.6, pp.522-529, 2009 (Released:2011-11-03)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

6 3

---

Perfectionism is usually reported to have adverse affects on psychological health, but recent multidimensional research indicated that a “tendency to set high personal standards” is weakly correlated with reduced depressiveness. The present study categorized subjects using a cluster analysis with factors closely related to psychological health such as adult attachment styles and perfectionism, and examined each factor's contributions to psychological health. Among subjects with high personal standards, the study found a group with a secure attachment style who are psychologically adaptive and another group with a non-secure attachment style who are maladaptive. The results suggest that setting high personal standards by itself does not promote psychological health, but rather that there is an interaction with other factors such as preoccupation with one's mistakes and doubting one's own actions which also influence psychological health.

著者

宮崎 由樹 鎌谷 美希 河原 純一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.5, pp.339-349, 2021 (Released:2021-12-25)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

1 7

---

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological factors related to the frequency of face mask wearing (mask wearing) among Japanese people. Specifically, the influence of social anxiety (scrutiny fears, social interaction anxiety), trait anxiety, and perceived vulnerability to disease (germ aversion, perceived infectability) on mask wearing frequency was examined. We also investigated whether the relationships were altered based on the COVID-19 pandemic and the seasons. Online surveys (N=6,742) were conducted in the summer and winter seasons from Aug. 2018 to Dec. 2020. Results showed that scrutiny fears, perceived infectability (but only in the winter season), and germ aversion affected the frequency of mask wearing before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the relationships were altered as the COVID-19 pandemic spread. Scrutiny fears and perceived infectability did not play a role in the frequency of mask wearing. These alternations of results could be derived from the increase in mask wearing rate, changes in the reasons to wear masks among Japanese people, and elevation of perceived risk to COVID-19 due to the increased transmission.

著者

原田 知佳 畑中 美穂 川野 健治 勝又 陽太郎 川島 大輔 荘島 幸子 白神 敬介 川本 静香

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.4, pp.351-359, 2019 (Released:2019-10-25)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1 3

---

Previous research has found that a combination of high levels of behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and low levels of behavioral activation system (BAS-Drive) predicts suicidal thinking (Rasmussen, Elliott, & O’Connor, 2012). In this study, we examined whether the effects of a suicide prevention education program for junior highschool students were moderated by the risk level of students, regarding a combination of high BIS and low BASDrive as a high risk for suicide. A total of 28 high-risk students and 167 low-risk students participated in the program. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires during the intervention. As a result of the analysis, it was suggested that through the program, not only low-risk students but also potential high-risk students could gain the ability to seek assistance.

著者

神谷 哲司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.6, pp.651-668, 2017 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

155

被引用文献数

5 5

---

This paper examines the definitions and measurement scales for financial literacy presented in previous studies in order to develop a new financial literacy scale. The early definition of financial literacy basically meant “financial knowledge,” but the latest definition has been extended to include or refer to consumers’ financial behaviours, consumers’ interactions with their social and economic environments, and the effect of cognitive biases on consumers’ financial behaviours. On the other hand, conventional measurement scales for financial literacy are generally composed of declarative knowledge questions and numerical ability tests concerning personal finance. This paper addresses the fact that previous financial literacy scales have been based on the traditional concept of “Homo economicus”. We suggest that it is necessary to develop a new financial literacy scale that is comprised of critical thinking disposition such as “awareness for logical thinking” or “evidence-based judgment.”

著者

文沢 義永 吉田 正昭

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.49-66, 1970 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

44

---

Almost every culture has its social norms of conduct, called courtesy. The concept of “Reigi” (courtesy) in Japan was originated from Confucianism and it has been recognized of great importance in all human relationships, especially until the World War II.The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the concept itself for the younger and older generations.According to our preliminary survey, the concept has been often referred to that in the relation of persons such as parent-child, teacher-pupil, and senior-junior, and it is accompanied by the moral sentiment of respect, gratitude, submission, and harmony. Usually the adult regards it more important than the younger, and the female regards it more significant than the male.(1) Semantic Differential method applied to this concept yielded two main factors for both older and younger generations. The one factor is “happiness”, and the other is “social constraint”. (2) From the classical books of ethics in Japan, tentative components of this concept were collected. In each relation of 11 principal human cases such as parent-child, the components were assessed by the constant sum method. The most important components rated are reliance, sincerity, and reverence, while etiquettes and wording in speech are least rated as a factor of courtesy. Factor analysis of the score matrix yielded two main factors. The one is generosity and mercy, and the other is modesty and non-pretension. Besides, one more factor of reverence-submission was extracted for the younger samples.

著者

浅井 智久 高野 慶輔 杉森 絵里子 丹野 義彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.5, pp.414-421, 2009 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

11 11

---

A “sense of agency” involves a contemporaneous experience that the “self” causes the actions performed by the “self” (i.e., “I am the one who causes my actions”). This may comprise the main component of self-consciousness. The present research focuses on the development of a questionnaire to investigate the subjective aspects of a sense of agency. We selected items from the extant relevant measures and from previous empirical studies, and conducted four longitudinal surveys with additional scales. Statistical computations confirmed the validity and reliability of the Sense of Agency Scale (SOAS), consisting of seventeen items involving three factors. Furthermore, the results indicated that these three factors might be organized hierarchically, with each factor showing a unique relationship with emotional or social traits. This novel finding, emerging from the Sense of Agency Scale, would have been difficult to obtain via traditional empirical studies.

著者

宮崎 弦太

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.93.21332, (Released:2022-11-01)

参考文献数

23

---

This study examined whether perceived partner responsiveness in romantic relationships would moderate the association between communal orientation and subjective well-being. An online survey was conducted among 516 Japanese adults involved in romantic relationships. Participants first completed the Communal Orientation Scale and answered questions about their perceived partner responsiveness. Participants were then asked to recollect their experiences when they provided benefits to their partner in the past month and to indicate their feelings about these experiences. Finally, participants completed scales measuring subjective well-being (Life Satisfaction Scale and the PANAS). The results revealed a positive association between communal orientation and subjective well-being, observed only among those who perceived high partner responsiveness. Contrary to the hypotheses, moderated mediation effects of participants’ felt authenticity and regret in providing benefits to their romantic partner were not found. These results suggest that communal orientation is more likely to be associated with one’s well-being when individuals feel secure about their partner’s responsiveness.

著者

田邊 元 黒田 亮 横山 松三郎 高木 貞二 増田 惟茂 城戸 幡太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.3, pp.439-485, 1927 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

9

著者

菅沼 慎一郎 中野 美奈 下山 晴彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.16075, (Released:2018-07-14)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

1

---

Recently, the adaptive function of resignation in psychological health is widely noted, especially from the standpoint of its relationship with mindfulness and acceptance. In this study, we developed two scales: one for measuring the stress-monitoring intention and one for measuring adaptive resignation. Then, we examined the relationship between stress-monitoring intention and psychological health in the light of the adaptive function of resignation. A questionnaire study was carried out with 600 Japanese workers in their 20s to 40s (300 males and 300 females: mean age = 35.37 years, SD = 7.66 years). The questionnaire’s reliability and validity were demonstrated. Mediation analysis revealed mediated effects of adaptive resignation in the relationship between stress-monitoring intention and psychological health. This result suggested that stress-monitoring intention has a dual face to psychological health, and the adaptive resignation eases the negative relationship, and amplifies the positive relationship. Finally, the meaning of this study’s results in terms of cognitive behavioral therapy and stress education in Japan are discussed.

著者

鈴木 晶夫 春木 豊

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.6, pp.378-382, 1992-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

8 4

---

Posture is a nonverbal behavior and a universal means of animal and human communication. It is observed not only in interpersonal communication but in clinical situation. Our recent research shows that posture affects the mood and emotional awareness of the subjects. This study compared the subjects' awareness between two groups, the operational group (actual posture) and the image group, which only imagined a postural change. Six kinds of posture were adopted. These postures included two dimensions; inclination of trunk (straight or bent), and head (up, front or down). In these conditions the subjects estimated their mood and emotional awareness with 17 pairs of adjectives on a 3 point scale. The results of ANOVA showed statistically significant differences in conditions of both inclination of trunk and head. Especially, when the subject bent his back while hanging his head, this made most feeble, lifeless, and shadowy mood than any other postures. The authors confirmed that posture exerted a strong influence on one's emotional awareness.

著者

浅井 暢子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.4, pp.317-324, 2006-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Two experiments investigated the hypothesis that the need to protect positive self-regards mediates the causal attribution of one's failure to discrimination. Female undergraduates read a scenario in which either the participant herself or another woman (in-group member) took a job interview. The outcome was depicted either as failing (Studies 1 and 2) or passing the interview (Study 2). Participants attributed the failure to gender discrimination only when the interviewers were unanimously sexists. The attribution to discrimination was negatively correlated with the state self-esteem in the social domain. When the protagonist was an in-group member, a moderate level of discrimination was sufficient to elicit the participant's discrimination attribution. For the positive outcome scenario, the participants were more likely to acknowledge the influence of favoritism on their own success than on other's success. These results suggest that the unwillingness for attributing a failure to discrimination functions for the protection of the self-esteem among the members of a disadvantaged group. Implications for the study of coping strategies used by victims of discrimination are discussed.

著者

大久保 街亜 田中 嘉彦 鳥山 理恵 石川 健太

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.93.21218, (Released:2022-03-31)

参考文献数

35

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The quantitative assessment of footedness is required in various fields, such as psychology, neuroscience, sports science, medicine, and medical practice. While the Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire-Revised (WFQ-R) is the most accepted measurement of footedness, a Japanese translation of the WFQ-R is still not available. In the present study, we developed a Japanese translation of the WFQ-R and tested its validity and reliability. Five hundred and forty-seven university students (153 women) were administered the questionnaire online. Seventy-six of the 547 participants were tested twice to assess the test-retest reliability. We found that the Japanese translation of WFQ-R had a two-factor structure (manipulation and balance), as its developer proposed, and high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. These results suggest that the Japanese translation of the WFQ-R is a valid and reliable measure of footedness.

著者

正田 悠 安田 晶子 中原 純 田部井 賢一 伊坂 忠夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.4, pp.398-407, 2019 (Released:2019-10-25)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1 1

---

University students in Japan tend to listen to music frequently, perhaps to regulate their current mood. In the present study, we aimed to develop the Japanese version of the “Brief Music in Mood Regulation” scale (B-MMR) and examined its reliability and validity. Based on 307 Japanese undergraduates’ responses, we constructed the Japanese version of the B-MMR, which is comparable with the original B-MMR. Moreover, we confirmed that several aspects of the Japanese version of the B-MMR are positively correlated with general emotional regulation and stress coping strategies. Our Japanese version of the B-MMR can be used in future studies to explore the effects of listening to music on people’s quality of life and well-being.