著者

大橋 啓太 小野 くみ子 川手 勇也 渡瀬 涼 石川 朗

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.303-309, 2018-08-01 (Released:2018-07-18)

参考文献数

16

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the difference in the ways to carry a baby using a baby carrier on the respiratory response during upslope walking. Fourteen healthy adults participated in this study. We set the individualized walking speed at 30% of the maximum oxygen uptake at 0% grade. The test began at 0% grade walking on the treadmill and increased by 2% every 5 min until 8%. The test was performed randomly in these two conditions: holding an infant model weighing approximately 15% of body weight in front of the subject with a baby carrier (F) and backpack with a baby carrier (B). Heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (TV), respiratory exchange ratio (R), and respiratory rate (RR) were measured and the values from the last 1 min of each grade were averaged. HR, VO2, VE, TV, R, and RR significantly increased with increasing grade in each condition. There were no significant differences in interaction effects in HR, VO2, VE, TV, R, and RR. This study suggests that the difference in the ways to carry a baby using a baby carrier has no effects on the respiratory response during upslope walking at a speed corresponding to 30% of the maximum oxygen uptake at 0% grade until 8% grade.

著者

野井 真吾 小沢 治夫 小磯 透 正木 健雄

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.4, pp.513-522, 2000-08-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

4 2

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The purpose of this study was to examine the bone stiffness of healthy girls during their growth period and factors affecting on such stiffness. The subjects were 302 secondary school girls in Tokyo. Parameters examined included the body characteristics (standing height, body weight, bone stiffness measured by ultrasound, muscle thickness measured with the ultrasound B-mode system), extension power of the lower limb (containing the knee and hip joints), and a questionnaire about the daily intake of milk, kinds of meals and number of years from menophania. These examinations were carried out in June 1997.Results were summarized as follows : 1) From the observation of bone stiffness in secondary school girls, it appears that bone stiffness increases during the junior high school period. In other words, the bone stiffness of the subjects had almost reached on adult level by high school. 2) A significant positive correlation was recognized between chronological age and bone stiffness (r=0.365, p<0.05) . A positive correlation also existed between the years from menophania and bone stiffness (r=0.477, p<0.05) . These coefficients showed that the years from menophania correlate with bone stiffness more closely in comparison with chronological age. 3) In the period when short comparatively years from menophania, body characteristics, which were the index of maturity, correlated to bone stiffness. However, muscle thickness/power, which was related to exercise habit, became the major parameter correlating with bone stiffness. These results suggest that factors affecting bone stiffness should differ according to the growth period. 4) Comparison of different athletic clubs showed that the bone stiffness of volleyball players was higher than that of control. These data suggest that physical education class, which was given 3 times a week, is not enough for total body development in both quality and quantity. In other words, physical education should be better matched with total physical development, including the growth of healthy bones.

著者

内野 欽司 佐藤 誠治 増田 充

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.91-99, 1978-09-01

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1)運動時の胃内圧変化を知る目的で,radio capsuleによるテレメーター法により,安静時,深呼吸時,努責時とともに,体回転,ステッピング,体前屈,背屈,側屈,上体おこし,V字バランス,15kgバーベル挙上時の胃内圧と呼吸変化を同時記録した。2)capsuleは,イギリス製E.I.L.Type D.70.圧測定用,電池はMauory R.M.312H.1.4volt.アンテナは多方向性のものを用い,Selig Electro-Magnetics Ltd.製受信器の430KHz前後で受信した。3)capsuleの特性は,ガラス円筒内の37℃温水中の測定により決定し,水圧と受信波長(電圧)関係が30〜300cmH_2Oでは10%以内の誤差で直線を示すと推定した。4)30歳代男子3名を被検者とし,早朝空腹時に1時間以内に終了するように実験を行なった。capsuleは3〜4時間アルコールで消毒し,O.5%ハイアミン液に20分浸漬した後水洗してのみこませた。5)立位安静時の圏内圧は,一過性に50〜60cmH_2Oに上昇することもあるが,30〜33cmH_2Oの律動性収縮で2〜3秒の周期と3cmH_2O以下の振幅をもつ波型を示した。この波型は,深呼吸,努責あるいは運動開始と同時に消失した。6)体回転,ステッピングでは73.3〜83.3cmH_2Oの胃内圧を示したが,ステッピング時にはドリフトが多く測定困難なときもあった。体前屈時の最高胃内圧は80.0cmH_2Oであったが,背屈時あるいは早い側属を行わせたときは,それぞれ最高160.0cmH_2O,153.3cmH_2Oの胃内圧を示した。7)吸気終了時に上体おこしを行なったとき,最高147.0cmH_2Oの胃内圧を示した。V字バランス時の最高は126.6cmH_2Oであった。8)Jerkで15kgのバーベル挙上時と努責時に170.0cmH_2O(125mmHg)の高い胃内圧が観察された。Snatchで挙上した場合は120.0〜123.0cmH_2Oであった。9)深呼吸時あるいは運動後安静回復時の呼吸曲線では,多くの場合呼息期の1/2の時点で1〜3秒下降(呼息を示す)曲線が平行になるか,極めて僅かの上昇を示した。腹式深吸息時の胃内圧は最高76.6cmH_2Oであった。10)staticな筋運動時における空腹胃内圧上昇の機序として,吸息による腹筋緊張が,皮膚受容器を刺激し,皮膚-内臓反射径路によって胃壁筋の緊張が亢進することが考えられ,そのとき,介在ニューロンに対する大脳皮質からの情報が大きく影響すると推察した。

著者

喜多尾 浩代 松田 光生 福島 秀夫 芳賀 脩光 河野 一郎 小橋 主典

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.48-49, 1987-02-01

著者

鈴木 政登

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.5, pp.407-422, 2002-10-01 (Released:2010-12-10)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

1 4

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Numerous studies on serum enzymes derived from skeletal muscle, such as CH, AST, LDH, are also being reported in the field of sports medicine. In this article, I would like to summarize the findings on “physical exercise and serum enzymes” studied up to the present. Secondly, I will evaluate the usefulness and limits as indicators of condition and muscle fatigue in athletes. The amount of change and time course of Ch, AST, LDH and myoglobin responses were markedly different in 5-km, marathon and triathalon races, and in trained and untrained subjects. Trained subjects showed peaks of these enzymes one day after endurance running, and untrained subjects had a typical biphasic variation after endurance running. The typical change in untrained subjects might reflect a series of different histopathological changes, including muscle damage, repair and regeneration of muscles. In participants of women's marathon races, higher ranking prize winners showed lower levels before and lower increases in Ch activity after the mice than the other participants. higher serum CIA activity above 300 mU/ml accompanied by increases in serum myosin light chain I (MLC I) concentration (above 2.5 ng/ml) without increases in troponin T and CN-MIA were observed during marathon, triathalon, 100-km and 250 km ultra marathon races. The athletes who showed a higher serum CK activity above 500 mU/ml at the pre-race stage felt subjective fatigue and sonic dropped out from the race. Normal persons who had a lower Ch activity below 40.50 mU/ml indi cated lower levels of serum HDL-C and physical fitness (VO2max) . On the contrary, persons who showed a higher CR level of 100-200 mU/ml or more had higher levels of IIDL-C and VO2max.Measurement of serum CK activity might provide useful information for checking health and physical fitness levels in normal persons, and also the physical and subjective conditions of athletes.

著者

新矢 博美 芳田 哲也 高橋 英一 常岡 秀行 中井 誠一

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.75-88, 2003-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3 5

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The effects of fencing uniforms (U) on thermoregulatory responses were analyzed in both practical field investigation (PFI) and laboratory experiment (LE) . In PFI, six fencers (college-aged) performed regular fencing practice wearing U and wearing a short-sleeved shirt and pants (T) in summer. Rectal temperature (Tr), chest skin temperature (Tch), mask temperature (Tmk), heart rate (HR) and sweat rate (SR) were measured during fencing practice. In LE, seven male college-aged subjects performed three sessions of 20-min cycling at light intensity (250 W/m2) in a room temperature maintained at 28 WBGT (wet bulb globe temperature) . Esophageal temperature (Tes), mean skin temperature (Tsk), mean body temperature (Tb), HR, and SR were measured during exercise wearing U and in a semi-nude condition (N) . In both PFI and LE, increases in Tch, Tsk, Tb, Tes, Tr and SR were significantly (p<0.001) greater when wearing U than when wearing T and N. In PFI, the maximal value of Tr correlated significantly with the maximal values of Tch (r=0.513, p<0.001) and SR (r=0.635, p<0.001) during practice wearing U and T. In LE, positive correlations between Tsk and Tes (r=0.797, p<0.001), and between Tb and SR (r=0.658, p<0.02) were found at the end of exercise wearing U and N. In PFI, although the Tsk decreased within a few minutes of a decrease in Tmk, a significant relationship between the decrease in Tmk and Tsk or Tr was not observed during fencing practice. These results demonstrate that when wearing U, a higher skin temperature induces core temperature elevation, and higher skin and core temperatures are associated with increases in SR and HR during exercise in a hot environment. Thus, wearing light clothing during exercise, and taking off the fencing jacket and mask during rest periods would be recommended to reduce the heat stress during fencing practice in hot environments.

著者

津山 薫 藤城 仁音 中嶋 耕平 中里 浩一 中嶋 寛之

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.251-263, 1999-04-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

19

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A study was conducted to evaluate and compare neck muscle strength between two levels of college American football players with the aim of preventing neck injuries. The subjects were American football players at N University (n=52) belonging to the first level league and American football players at G University (n=14) belonging to the third level league. The findings were as follows.1. The neck muscle strength of freshman players at N University tended to be lower than that of senior players.2. It was shown that the neck muscle strength/body weight of experienced American football players was 10-30% higher than that of inexperienced players.3. There was a significant difference in neck muscle strength/body weight between N University and G University in 1997. However, there was no significant difference between them in 1998, because neck muscle strength/body weight of G University players increased by 13-30% after neck muscle training for about nine months. It was suggested that coaching staff must evaluate the neck muscle strength of each player, especially in freshmen who have had no experience of American football, in order to prevent neck injuries because mismatch of performance level may cause catastrophic neck injury.

著者

渡邊 大輝

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.207-218, 2018-06-01 (Released:2018-05-16)

参考文献数

72

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Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are tetrameric Ca2+ release channels of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). This review attempts to detail the key mechanism of RyR channel gating and to discuss the hypothesis that skeletal muscle fatigue, defined as reduced force production, would result from functional changes in both individual RyR channel opening and coupling among RyR channels. Previous studies have shown that RyR channels in skeletal muscle open simultaneously, called coupled gating, because of physical interaction among channels. In this review, mechanisms underlying muscle fatigue are discussed with consideration of the coupling effect. Fatigue mechanisms are thought to be different between acute exercise and long-term exercise training. The impairments in individual channel opening and coupling between RyR channels can occur after acute exercise, leading to decreased SR Ca2+ release and force depression. On the contrary, during long-term exercise training, individual channel opening would be enhanced but coupling between channels would be impaired. If this were to continue for long periods, SR Ca2+ content would reduce, leading to less Ca2+ release and lower force production.

著者

猪口 清一郎 岩本 壮太郎 石川 博 東 慶紀

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.45-51, 1980-03-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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The muscle fibers of M. rectus abdominis from 3 sportsmen (Weight-lifting, Boxing and Body-building) were examined histologically and compared with the mean of 22 human control subjects. Following results were obtained.1. Compared with the M, rectus abdominis of control subjects, the sportsmen's rectus abdominis muscle area was about 4 times the cross-sectional area of muscle belly and the number of muscle fibers per sq, mm, were 1/3 that of the control specimens. The total number and mean size of sportsmen muscle fibers corresponded to the respective maxima of the controls, and the muscle fiber density in sportsmen corresponded to the minimum control value.2. Comparing the myofibrous organization of 3 specimens, the muscle of the boxer was largest in cross-sectional area, in frequency of muscle fibers with large diameter, and in volume of interstitial connective tissue. It was the smallest of the 3 specimens in the number of muscle fibers per sq. mm. We found that the muscle of the weight-lifter was intermediate in these four categories.

著者

真田 樹義 宮地 元彦 山元 健太 村上 晴香 谷本 道哉 大森 由実 河野 寛 丸藤 祐子 塙 智史 家光 素行 田畑 泉 樋口 満 奥村 重年

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3, pp.291-302, 2010-06-01

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2 8

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The purpose of this study was to develop prediction models of sarcopenia in 1,894 Japanese men and women aged 18-85 years. Reference values for sarcopenia (skeletal muscle index, SMI; appendicular muscle mass/height², kg/m²) in each sex were defined as values two standard deviations (2SD) below the gender-specific means of this study reference data for young adults aged 18-40 years. Reference values for predisposition to sarcopenia (PSa) in each gender were also defined as values one standard deviations (1SD) below. The subjects aged 41 years or older were randomly separated into 2 groups, a model development group and a validation group. Appendicular muscle mass was measured by DXA. The reference values of sarcopenia were 6.87 kg/m² and 5.46 kg/m², and those of PSa were 7.77 kg/m² and 6.12 kg/m². The subjects with sarcopenia and PSa aged 41 years or older were 1.7% and 28.8% in men and 2.7% and 20.7% in women. The whole body bone mineral density of PSa was significantly lower than in normal subjects. The handgrip strength of PSa was significantly lower than in normal subjects. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and age were independently associated with SMI in men; and BMI, handgrip strength and waist circumference were independently associated with SMI in women. The SMI prediction equations were applied to the validation group, and strong correlations were also observed between the DXA-measured and predicted SMI in men and women. This study proposed the reference values of sarcopenia in Japanese men and women. The prediction models of SMI using anthropometric measurement are valid for alternative DXA-measured SMI in Japanese adults.

著者

大須賀 洋祐 鄭 松伊 金 泰浩 大久保 善郎 金 ウンビ 田中 喜代次

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, pp.407-418, 2015-08-01 (Released:2015-07-27)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

4 1

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an exercise intervention for older married couples on exercise adherence and physical fitness. Thirty-six older married couples and 61 older adults participated in the study as couple and non-couple groups (CG, NCG, respectively). Participants attended an exercise class once a week and performed a home-based exercise program consisting of walking and strength exercise over eight weeks. Exercise adherence was assessed by the rate of non-absentee, walking habits (≥ 2 times/week), and strength exercise habits (≥ 6 items*2 sets/week). Physical fitness was assessed by the Senior Fitness Tests. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to obtain the CG’s odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for non-absentee, walking habits, and strength exercise habits (reference: NCG). Analyses of covariance were used to examine the statistical difference in the degree of change (⊿) for physical fitness between CG and NCG. CG had significantly higher ORs for non-absentee and walking habits compared with NCG but there was no significant difference in the rate of strength exercise habits between the two groups. In regards to ⊿ for physical fitness, significantly higher ⊿ for upper extremity strength was observed in CG than in NCG, while there were no significant differences in ⊿ for other physical fitness items between the two groups. These results suggest that an exercise intervention for older married couples would be more useful to maintain higher participation in exercise program and walking and improving upper extremity strength.

著者

井上 茂

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.22, 2016 (Released:2016-01-24)

著者

下方 浩史 安藤 富士子

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.133-142, 2017-04-01 (Released:2017-03-19)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3

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The state in which physical and mental functions are deteriorated with aging is called frailty, and decrease in muscle mass and muscle strength with aging accompanying deterioration of physical function is called sarcopenia. Frailty and sarcopenia are found in older adults, which is a major obstacle to achieve healthy longevity. Estimation of prevalence and number of patients, as well as elucidation of risk factors in frailty and sarcopenia are important for the prevention of frailty and sarcopenia. The prevalence of frailty determined by criteria based on the method of Fried et al. was 5.2% for men and 20.9% for women in a cohort of randomly selected community-living population, and the estimated number of people with frailty was about 0.77 million men and 2,22 million women among the population aged 65 years and over in Japan. The prevalence of sarcopenia by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria was 9.6% for men and 7.7% for women. The number of people aged 65 years and over with sarcopenia in Japan was estimated to be 1.64 million for men and 1.39 million for women. The onset of frailty was related to physique, physical function, cognitive function, depression, and various chronic diseases. Depression and lack of exercise were significant risk factors of sarcopenia. Physical activity, nutrition and control of chronic diseases are required for the prevention of frailty and sarcopenia, and the prevention will be an important issue for health and longevity in Japan.

著者

三浦 進司 妹尾 奈波 只石 幹 亀井 康富 江崎 治

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.16, 2018 (Released:2018-01-19)

著者

石井 好二郎 真田 樹義

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.5, 2018 (Released:2018-01-19)

著者

石井 直方

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, 2008-02-01

著者

山崎 史郎 石西 克有

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.6, 1993-12-01

著者

川畑 愛義 村上 長雄 川井 浩 武部 吉秀

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.43-48, 1963-06-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

16

著者

中山 悌一

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.4, pp.443-453, 2004-08-01

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

2

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本研究は, 1950年から2002年までの日本人プロ野球選手の身長と体重が, 戦後飛躍的に向上した一般人の体格と比較して如何に推移してきたか, さらに米大リーグ選手との体格の差は縮まりつつあるのかを明らかにする事を目的として遂行され以下の結果を得た.<BR>1.1950年の日本人プロ野球選手の平均身長は170.7cmであったが, 2002年には平均180.1cmまで高くなり53年間で9.4cm (5.5%) の成長を見せた.1950年の日本人プロ野球選手の平均体重は65.0kgであったが, 2002年には79.8kgとなり53年間で14.8kg (22.8%) の増加を認めた.さらに1950年の日本人プロ野球選手の平均BMIは22.3であったがその後徐々に大きくなり2002年には24.6となり, 日本のプロ野球選手ががっちりとした体格へと推移していることが明らかとなった.<BR>2.身長のポジション別推移では常に投手が一番高かった.この理由として投手は身長が高い方が投球に有利であるいうポジション的特異性に由来しているものと考えられる.体重のポジション別推移は, 1969年から現在まで捕手が一番重くなっている.この結果は捕手は移動距離が少なく, ポジション的役割としてホームベースを死守する役目を担っているために体重が重い方が有利である事に起因するためと推察される.<BR>3.一般人の体格は, 戦後急激に向上したことが数多く報告されているが, 日本人プロ野球選手の体格も同様に大きくなり, 身長は日本人一般男子 (24歳) より5.5%から8.6%の範囲で常に高く, 同様1に体重も日本人一般男子 (24歳) より15.9%から27.3%の範囲で常に重かった.このことより, 日本人プロ野球選手は, 同年齢の日本人一般男子より体格的に非常に優れた選手たちによって構成されていることが明らかとなった.日本人プロ野球選手と日本人一般男子 (24歳) の身長と体重の差は, 1950年代に急激に広がったが1960年以降はその差も小さくなる傾向にある.<BR>4.日本人プロ野球選手と米大リーグ選手の体格を比較してみると, 1950年代の身長差は11.4cmであったが, 2000年代の身長差は4.9cmとなった.同様に1950年代の体重差は17.7kgであったが, 2000年代の体重差は13.1kgまで縮まり, 日本人プロ野球選手と米大リーグ選手の体格の差は, 確実に縮まりつつあることが確認できた.

著者

原 光彦

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.55, 2016 (Released:2016-01-24)