著者
鈴木 政登 清水 桃子 河辺 典子 高尾 匡 町田 勝彦 川上 憲司
出版者
日本体力医学会
雑誌
体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.2, pp.329-344, 1996-04-01
参考文献数
48
被引用文献数
6 1

加齢およびlife styleに起因した有酸素性作業能 (VO<SUB>2</SUB>max) の低下, 高血圧, 血清脂質の上昇および筋量や骨密度 (BMD) の低下は「寝たきり, 痴呆性老人」発症の危険因子とされる.<BR>本研究は, 年齢やlife styleおよび運動の習慣化の動機などそれぞれが異なる20~76歳の健康女性165名を対象とした横断的研究であり, これらの危険因子が習慣的運動によって改善または除去されるか否かを調べる目的でなされた.1回30分間以上, 週2回以上の頻度で水泳, ジョギング, エアロビックダンス等の運動を2年間以上継続している者を運動群 (Ex群, n=82) , Ex群としての条件を満たさない者および運動習慣がない者を対照群 (Cont群, n=83) とし, 40~60歳までは5歳刻みで, それ以下およびそれ以上の年齢の者は一括して比較した.運動習慣の有無のみならず閉経年齢や嗜好品および就業状況などlife styleの調査も行い, 次のような研究結果を得た.<BR>1) 本被検者165名のうち閉経者は89名 (54%) おり, 閉経年齢の平均は49.7±3.1歳 (閉経期間1~23年間) であった.<BR>2) 常習的喫煙者は35名, 週1回以上の頻度の飲酒習慣を有する者は100名みられた.<BR>3) 加齢にともなって体重あたりVO<SUB>2</SUB>max (n=165, r=-0.590) およびHRmax (r=-0.722) は有意 (p<0.001) に減少した.Ex群のVO<SUB>2</SUB>maxはCont群に比し有意な高値を維持しつつ加齢にともない減少したが, HRmaxには2群間の差はなかった.<BR>4) 安静時血圧は40歳未満の群が有意な低値を示した他は隣合う年齢間に有意差こそなかったが, 明らかに加齢にともないSBP (r=0.391) , DBP (r=0.315) ともに有意 (P<0.001) な上昇を示した.しかし, 本被検者165名の中には160/95mmHg以上の者はいなかった.安静血圧にはEx, Cont群間に有意差はなかったが, 運動前後の差 (ΔSBP, ΔDBP) はEx群がやや高い傾向であった.<BR>5) 血液成分のうち, 明かな年齢変化が認められたのは血清TC (r=0.346, p<0.001) およびLDL-C濃度 (r=0.339, p<0.001) であった.HDL-Cには年齢変化はみられなかった.Ex, Cont群間の比較では, TC, HDL-CいずれもEx群が高値傾向を示し, HDL-C/TC比には差がなかった.しかし, 本被検者のうち10, 30kmおよびフルマラソンなど公式試合出場者 (n=11, 49.7±7.7歳) では同年代の者に比し血清TCは低く (189.2±23.3mg/dl) , HDL-Cは有意に高値 (72.2±10.9mg/dl) であった.さらに, 飲酒と運動習慣を併用している者 (n=26) のHDL-C (75.8±15.8mg/dl) およびHDL-C/TC比が高かった.<BR>6) 体重や肥満度には年齢変化も2群間の差もみられなかったが, 加齢にともない%FTMが増加し, %LTMが減少する傾向であった.2群間の比較ではEx群の%LTMが高く, %FTMは低値傾向を示した.<BR>7) 閉経前にはEx群のTBMDおよびLegBMDが有意に高値であったが閉経後では2群間に有意差はなかった.しかし, 閉経後の者でもフルマラソン等公式大会に出場している者 (n=5, 52.6±1.5歳) のTBMDおよびLegBMDはCont群 (51~55歳) のそれに比し有意に高値であった.<BR>8) VO<SUB>2</SUB>max, 体組成, 骨密度および血清脂質濃度相互の関連を調べた結果, VO<SUB>2</SUB>max総量はLTM (kg) と高い相関 (r=0.669) を示し, VO<SUB>2</SUB>max/LTMは加齢にともなって減少したが, いずれの年齢でも常にEx群が有意な高値であった.体重あたりVO<SUB>2</SUB>maxは%FTMとは逆相関 (r=-0.442) , %LTMとは正相関 (r=0.422) を示した.しかし, 血清TC, HDL-C濃度とは関連がなく, 安静時SBP (r=-0.232, p<0.01) およびDBP (r=-0.192, p<0.05) とは低い相関係数しか示されなかった.一方, BMDは年齢の他に体重, それもLTMの影響を強く受けた.しかし, TBMDと体重あたりVO<SUB>2</SUB>maxとの相関は必ずしも高くはなかった (r=0.354, p<0.001) .<BR>骨密度およびVO2maxにおよぼす諸要因の重回帰分析を行った結果, 次のような回帰式を得た.<BR>全身骨密度 (TBMD; g・cm<SUP>-2</SUP>)<BR>=0.9525-0.0045×Age+0.0059×FTM (kg) +0.0072×LTM (kg)<BR>(n=165, R=0.669, p<0.001)<BR>VO<SUB>2</SUB>max (ml・kg<SUP>-1</SUP>・min<SUP>-1</SUP>)<BR>=47.97-0.391×Age+0.175<BR>×Leg BMD (g・cm<SUP>-2</SUP>) -0.531×%FTM (%)<BR>(n=165, R=0.715, p<0.001)<BR>尚, 上記二式の偏回帰係数はすべて0.1%水準で有意であった.<BR>以上の研究結果から, 習慣的運動によって全身持久性能力 (VO<SUB>2</SUB>max) や筋の最大酸化能 (VO<SUB>2</SUB>max/LTM) は高く維持されるが, 加齢による骨密度の減少や血清脂質の改善を期待することは困難であり, これらの改善にはより厳密な運動処方が必要であることがわかった.しかし, 体重あたりVO<SUB>2</SUB>maxは骨密度 (例えば, 脚骨密度; r=0.395) や筋量指標 (%LTM; r=0.422) と有意 (p<0.001) な正相関を示したことから,
著者
藤井 宣晴
出版者
日本体力医学会
雑誌
体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.3, pp.313-317, 2003-06-01
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
1
著者
熊江 隆 荒川 はつ子 鈴川 一宏 石崎 香理 内山 巌雄
出版者
日本体力医学会
雑誌
体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.2, pp.189-199, 1997-04-01
被引用文献数
2 3

本研究においては慢性疲労の予防を主眼として, 簡便・迅速な肉体疲労度評価法を開発するための基礎的検討をある大学に所属する箱根駅伝の選抜選手を被験者として行った.<BR>インフォームドコンセントを得てから, 夏期合宿の直前の7月から翌年2月までの8ケ月において, 約一ケ月間隔で8回の, 1) 身体的特性; 体重及びインピーダンス法による体脂肪量等, 2) 血清生化学検査; ドライケミストリー法と従来法による6項目の検査, 及び3) 主観的疲労度; 自覚症状しらべとPOMS, の調査を行った.<BR>ドライケミストリー法と従来法による血清生化学検査の結果は非常に良く一致し, ドライケミストリー法を用いても従来法と変わらない検査結果が得られることが明らかとなった.また, 練習量の多い夏期合宿の前後でみると血清酵素活性と主観的疲労度の変化に関連性がみられた.しかし, 全調査期間を通してみると関連性は認められず, 血清酵素活性と主観的疲労度の変化が逆になる傾向を示す被験者の存在が認められた.<BR>これらの本研究の結果より, 持久性の強い運動が慢性的に繰り返されている場合には, 主観的な疲労の調査だけでは肉体的な負荷を見過ごす可能性が考えられ, 肉体的な疲労状態を客観的に推定することが競技成績の向上や運動による障害の防止も含めて重要であろうと思われる.したがって, 微量の血液から簡便で迅速に検査が行え, 結果を調査現場で直ちに被験者や指導者に伝えることができるドライケミストリー法による血清酵素活性の検査は肉体疲労度の評価として有用であると思われ, オーバートレーニング状態への推移を予防する上でも非常に有効であろうと考えられる.
著者
今泉 和彦 立屋敷 かおる 滝澤 裕治 村上 晴久 直原 幹
出版者
The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine
雑誌
体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.2, pp.161-177, 1997-04-01 (Released:2010-09-30)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
5

The difference between the dominant hand and the non-dominant hand in overarm throwing motions and ball-throwing distances were studied in student women. The subjects were divided into a trained group and an untrained group. A switch thrower, categorized in the training group, was also examined. The throwing time, moving distance and mean velocity of the ball in the overall throwing phase, back-swing phase and acceleration phase were determined by a high-speed video analysis system. Seven empirical parameters estimated from the overall throwing motion were also introduced. These physical quantities and parameters were compared between the dominant and non-dominant hands. The ball-throwing distances in the trained and untrained groups were 2.58 and 1.73 times higher for the dominant hand than for the non-dominant hand, respectively. The difference in these values for both the hands of the switch thrower, however, were very small. The throwing time, moving time, and mean ball velocity in the back-swing phase in the trained group were 1.16, 1.65 and 1.35 times higher for the dominant hand than for the non-dominant hand, respectively. These phenomena were not observed in the untrained group and the switch thrower. The mean ball velocities in the acceleration phase for the trained and untrained groups were 2.0 and 1.5 times higher for the dominant hand than for the non-dominant hand, respectively. These values were more highly correlated with the ball-throwing distance in the trained group than in the untrained group. Significant correlations between seven parameters and ball-throwing distance were all observed for the dominant hand. However, only three of these parameters showed significant correlations for the non-dominant hand. These results show that the relationship between ball-throwing distance and throwing motion is closer for the dominant hand than for the non-dominant hand. In the present paper, possible roles of the dominant and non-dominant hands in the relationship between throwing motion and ball-throwing distance are also discussed.
著者
松竹 貴大 夏原 隆之 小井土 正亮 鈴木 健介 田部井 祐介 中山 雅雄 浅井 武
出版者
一般社団法人日本体力医学会
雑誌
体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.1, pp.107-123, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-01-19)
参考文献数
62
被引用文献数
2

In this study, observing football players under simulated playing conditions to measure event-related potentials (ERPs, i.e. P300), electromyography reaction time (EMG-RT), and reaction time (RT), we investigated neural correlates of information processing during selective reaction challenges. A high performance group included 13 collegiate football players who had previously won the All Japan University Championships. A low performance group included 13 collegiate football players who never competed at the national level or played in prefectural or regional competitions. We conducted a 4 vs. 2 ball possession task (i.e. a Go/NoGo task) under simulated playing conditions that required situational assessment. Our results showed that the high-performance group had a significantly higher correct response rate than did the low-performance group in 4 vs. 2 ball possession tasks. Moreover, the EMG-RT and RT of the high-performance group were significantly shorter than that of the low-performance group. Furthermore, the P100 and P300 latencies of the high-performance group was significantly shorter than those of the low-performance group. These findings indicated that high-performance football players could perform the task-relevant stages of information processing (such as visual information processing, stimulus evaluation, and motor response output) in a short time. There was no correlation between EMG-RT and P100 (Go, NoGo stimulation), indicating that initial visual information processing did not contribute to the execution of the final motor response. There was no correlation between EMG-RT and Go P300 latency, whereas a significant correlation with NoGo P300 latency was shown. This suggested that the stimulus evaluation system by NoGo stimuli (response inhibition) is strongly involved in the final motor output reaction.
著者
金久 博昭
出版者
一般社団法人日本体力医学会
雑誌
体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.65, no.1, pp.43-43, 2016
被引用文献数
2
著者
SHIRO ODA AYA SEINO KIYOSHI MORIYA
出版者
The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine
雑誌
Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.50, no.2, pp.245-254, 2001-04-01 (Released:2010-09-30)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
1 1

The present study was aimed to survey the relation between habitual exercise and the quality of nocturnal sleep. Questionnaires on exercise behavior and sleep were given to 452 male and female university students. The questionnaires included such questions as; on their habitual exercise, the kind of exercise, duration and frequency of doing the exercise, the period of continuation, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and subjective feeling of their exercise load for health (heavy, suitable, light) . TMIN Life Habits Inventory were conducted to ascertain the quality of sleep. The results of all the students showed that they were more likely to experience insufficient asleep period (64.6%), were not refreshed in the morning (40.0%), found unbearable daytime napping (38.5%) . The student group with habitual exercise (n=237) showed significant “more easily fall asleep” (p<0.05) and “more insufficient asleep period” (p<0.05) tendencies than the group without habitual exercise. Further, three groups divided by their subjective feeling toward their exercise load showed some significantly different quality of sleep. The students who felt that their habitual exercise was “suitable” or “light” showed better sleep, with reference to frequency of mid-sleep awakening and deepness of sleep, as compared with students who felt that their exercise was “heavy” (p<0.05) . These results indicate that suitable or light habitual exercise might facilitate better quality of sleep, while heavy exercise which strongly activate the sympathetic nervous system, pose a risk to disrupt sleep.
著者
小栗 和雄 加藤 義弘 黒川 淳一 井上 広国 渡辺 郁雄 松岡 敏男
出版者
日本体力医学会
雑誌
体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.1, pp.155-164, 2006-02-01
参考文献数
39
被引用文献数
6 4

Masked obesity is the presence of obesity based on percent body fat (%BF) when the body mass index (BMI) shows an absence of obesity. To examine the relationship between masked obesity and arteriosclerosis risk factors, we compared both serum lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in male and female high school freshmen with and without masked obesity. Subjects consisted of 403 male and 326 female high school students aged 15〜16 years. Of these, 34 (8.4%) males and 36 (11.0%) females had masked obesity, defined as 17≦BMI<23.60 and %BF ≧25% in males, and 17≦BMI<24.17 and %BF≧30% in females, while the remaining 300 males and 246 females were not obese, having 17≦BMI<23.60 and %BF<25% and 17≦BMI<24.17 and %BF<30%, respectively. For both sexes, serum total-cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), triglycerides and the arteriosclerotic index (AI) were significantly higher (p<0.05〜0.01) in those with masked obesity. And many of the subjects with masked obesity had abnormal levels of TC, LDLC and AI, compared with those who were not obese (p<0.05〜0.01). Additionally, we compared both serum lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia between subjects with masked obesity and control groups with the same BMI values. As a result, subjects with masked obesity had high serum lipid levels and a prevalence of hyperlipidemia. These results support the existence of masked obesity and suggest that masked obesity is associated with increased serum lipid levels, and thus could be a risk factor for arteriosclerosis in male and female high school freshmen.