著者

吉澤 英里

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.10-15, 2020-07-31 (Released:2020-07-31)

参考文献数

23

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This study focused on social anxiety and examined the effects of approval motivation (including praise-seeking needs and rejection-avoidance needs) and fear of evaluation (including fears of positive and negative evaluations) on social anxiety (social interaction anxiety and the deficit of self-efficacy in interactive social situations). A survey was conducted among university students. The results indicated that positive regressions from fears of positive and negative evaluations to social interaction anxiety were significant. Moreover, positive regressions from rejection-avoidance needs to fear of positive evaluation, fear of negative evaluation, and social interaction anxiety were also significant, whereas negative regressions from praise-seeking needs to fear of positive evaluation, and social interaction anxiety were significant. In addition, negative regressions from praise-seeking needs to the deficit of self-efficacy in interactive social situations were significant. These results indicate that (1) praise-seeking needs, which are a part of approval motivation, decreased social anxiety and fear of positive evaluation, and (2) praise-seeking needs were related to self-efficacy in interactive social situations.

著者

鈴木 公啓

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.45-56, 2014-08-18 (Released:2015-06-06)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

2

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Body image disturbance and body image discrepancy considered as factors of body dissatisfaction and a drive for thinness were investigated. Participants were presented with new figural stimuli (contour drawings/silhouettes) ranging from thin to heavy developed based on real and objective data—human body size measurements and 3-D image data. Results indicated that female participants overestimated their body size, though the degree of overestimation is not particularly large. It is suggested that competition with members of the same sex generates body dissatisfaction and a drive for thinness. Furthermore, participants rated ideal body size thinner than their perceived body size. It was found that the differences between perceived body size and ideal body size relate to body dissatisfaction and a drive for thinness.

著者

小城 英子 坂田 浩之 川上 正浩

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.1-8, 2022-07-31 (Released:2022-07-31)

参考文献数

28

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The purpose of this study was to revise the Attitudes towards Paranormal Phenomena Scale (APPle) to capture various aspects of skeptical attitudes, so that the believing and skeptical attitudes toward paranormal phenomena could be measured in detail. A questionnaire survey was conducted with undergraduates. Using exploratory factor analysis, six factors (Total Denial of Paranormal Phenomena, Denial Based on Current Situational Awareness, Inclination Towards Fortunetelling and Magic, Believing in Spirituality, Intellectual Curiosity about Paranormal Phenomena, and Fear of Paranormal Phenomena) were extracted, and a scale with 25 items called APPle II was created. From the viewpoints of internal consistency, confirmatory factor analysis, test-retest reliability, and criterion-related validity, sufficient reliability and validity were confirmed. Among the six factors, “Inclination Towards Fortunetelling and Magic” and “Believing in Spirituality” were regarded as believing attitudes, whereas “Total Denial of Paranormal Phenomena” and “Denial Based on Current Situational Awareness” as skeptical attitudes. “Intellectual Curiosity about Paranormal Phenomena” could be both believing and skeptical, and seemed to be based on analytical and critical thinking.

著者

原田 知佳 土屋 耕治

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1720, (Released:2019-05-31)

参考文献数

30

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In this research, we examined the hypothesis that group performance will increase as a result of accelerating the timing of goal sharing and role differentiation by height of sociality of the group such as social sensitivity and self-regulation. One hundred fifty-six undergraduates (5–7 people×26 groups) participated in consensus-building tasks. After the tasks, they completed the questionnaire about their satisfaction level, social sensitivity, self-regulation, and timing of goal sharing and role differentiation in the group. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the group performance was high in the group with higher social sensitivity and self-regulation. However, the timing of goal sharing and role differentiation was not earlier in the higher social sensitivity group than in the other groups. The process in which sociality influences group performance was discussed.

著者

高木 彩 小森 めぐみ

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.126-134, 2018-03-25 (Released:2018-03-25)

参考文献数

29

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This study distinguished between subjective and objective knowledge of scientific technology whose influence on health is yet to be defined, and explored the effect of each type of knowledge on risk perception. A web-based survey among the Japanese population (N=1,110) was conducted. It assessed the subjective and objective knowledge of electromagnetic field (EMF), interest in EMF, risk perception, and trust on the related organizations. The results indicated that respondents’ objective knowledge about EMF was generally poor. Their subjective knowledge and objective knowledge were significantly correlated, but the strength of correlation was moderate. Multiple regression analysis yielded significant subjective×objective knowledge interaction on risk perception. While objective knowledge consistently attenuated risk perception, subjective knowledge boosted risk perception only when respondents’ objective knowledge level was low. The possibility of the potential influence of reputation of EMF on the boosted subjective knowledge about EMF was discussed.

著者

林 幸史

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.50-60, 2019-11-30 (Released:2019-11-30)

参考文献数

39

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The purpose of this study is to use the travel photo method (TPM) to reveal the kinds of tourist attractions that cause travelers to be attracted to tourist destinations. In the investigation, we obtained the cooperation of 75 travelers. As a result of analyzing 742 supplied photographs, European and American travelers assessed the attractiveness of Nara through the subjects of temple and shrine architecture, modern architecture, statues of Buddha, and Japanese homes, while Asian tourists did so through subjects such as food and shops, lanterns, and torii (gateways to Shinto shrines). Among the Japanese travelers, the group who had visited many times assessed the attractiveness of Nara through the subjects of stone ruins and flora, while the group who had visited fewer times did so through the subjects of fellow travelers, temple and shrine architecture, and deer. Further, the results showed that travelers’ tourism experiences in Nara can be broadly divided into three types. Based on these, we considered the practical significance of assessments of the attractiveness of tourist destinations using TPM.

著者

竹中 一平 落合 萌子 松井 豊

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.135-148, 2018-03-25 (Released:2018-03-25)

参考文献数

34

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In modern society, the filtering of illegal or harmful content on the Internet is necessary for the healthy development of young people. However, the mental damage that Internet filtering workers may suffer has been overlooked. We examined occupational stress and related factors among Internet filtering workers in Japan. Workers (N=160) in a company providing a web-content filtering service completed a questionnaire. The percentage of all respondents with high-risk Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R) scores was 10.4% and with high-risk General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) scores was 47.0%. These results indicated that rates of mental damage among Internet filtering workers were as high as those of firefighters and journalists. IES-R and GHQ-12 scores were used as the dependent variables in the quantification method (Type 1). The results showed that these scores related to stress responses in the aftermath of witnessing traumatic illegal or harmful content, emotional empathy, and so on.

著者

橋本 剛

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.35-45, 2015-08-31 (Released:2015-09-09)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

4

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In general, the norm of reciprocity is assumed to be a facilitating factor in helping behavior. However, excessive help-seeking combined with insufficient contribution to others would be perceived as a selfish, free-riding deviation. To avoid this negative evaluation, people who feel they have a low sense of contribution (the subjective feeling of one’s contribution to others’ well-being) might be more reluctant to seek help. Thus, it was hypothesized that sense of contribution will be positively associated with help-seeking tendencies. It was also hypothesized that positive associations between sense of contribution and help-seeking will be amplified by recognition of the norm of reciprocity in groups; that is, greater pressure regarding the norm of reciprocity in groups means less help-seeking from those whose sense of contribution is low, and greater help-seeking from those whose sense of contribution is high. To examine these hypotheses, 500 Japanese adults completed an Internet survey regarding occupational relationships. Both hypotheses were supported.

著者

原田 知佳 土屋 耕治

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.1-10, 2019-07-31 (Released:2019-08-15)

参考文献数

30

---

In this research, we examined the hypothesis that group performance will increase as a result of accelerating the timing of goal sharing and role differentiation by height of sociality of the group such as social sensitivity and self-regulation. One hundred fifty-six undergraduates (5–7 people×26 groups) participated in consensus-building tasks. After the tasks, they completed the questionnaire about their satisfaction level, social sensitivity, self-regulation, and timing of goal sharing and role differentiation in the group. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the group performance was high in the group with higher social sensitivity and self-regulation. However, the timing of goal sharing and role differentiation was not earlier in the higher social sensitivity group than in the other groups. The process in which sociality influences group performance was discussed.

著者

遠藤 由美

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.58-59, 2018-07-31 (Released:2018-08-01)

参考文献数

3

著者

村本 由紀子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.113-124, 1996

被引用文献数

2

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Many studies of group in social psychology have distinguished "groups" from other aggregates by some peculiar standards and piled up research focusing only on them. In reality, however, there are various aggregates that have many different characteristics. In the course of participant observation and interviewing at a park in early morning, the present study presents an aggregate which exists between group and togetherness situation. The circle of people here had characteristics of a group as follows: 1) it is an organization which has the shared purpose; 2) each member has particular status and role to each other; 3) There are the same norms shared by members. At the same time, however, it also had aspects of a togetherness situation as follows: 1) the membership (whether one is a member or not) is not clear; 2) deviants are not punished; 3) outsiders are not excluded. Based on these findings, the present study tries to document the continuity between group and togetherness situation and to propose a new viewpoint to see a variety of individual's identity which is salient in various aggregates.

著者

常岡 充子 高野 陽太郎

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.93-100, 2012

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The purpose of this experiment was to examine a causal relation between perspective-taking and verbal aggression. A participant conducted verbal communication through a computer with another supposed participant (actually, a computer program). Half of the participants first performed a task that was designed to activate perspective-taking, whereas the other half first performed a different task that was designed not to activate perspective-taking. In verbal communication, it was found that those who had not activated perspective-taking increased the number of instances of verbal aggression as the alleged counterpart became more aggressive, whereas those who had activated perspective-taking did not. This finding suggests that activation of perspective-taking has the effect of suppressing an increase in verbal aggression toward a person who increases verbal aggression.

著者

宮田 加久子 安野 智子 市川 芳治

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.21-34, 2014-08-18 (Released:2015-06-06)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

2

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How do the news media stimulate political deliberation, political interest, and political knowledge? To compare the effects of online news with those of the traditional news media, we collected three types of data: a web-based survey, diary logs of mass media use, and access logs to news sites. The results showed that exposure to news media reinforced political interest and political deliberation. Online news use, however, facilitated only online deliberation, while exposure to TV and newspapers stimulated face-to-face conversation. In addition, online and TV news use had a direct effect on political knowledge. The results also showed that political conversation with the family had a direct effect on interest in politics and political knowledge, while political conversation with friends had a positive impact only on political interest. The implications of the findings were discussed in terms of how occasional political communication narrows the gap between the politically sophisticated and the less sophisticated.

著者

中原 純

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.180-186, 2014

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This study aims to verify the hypothesized intrapersonal process, grounded in the activity theory of aging, whereby the activities of elderly people at Japan's Silver Human Resource Centers have a positive impact on their life satisfaction by developing a positive role identity and self-esteem. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among 279 elderly people belonging to the Silver Human Resource Center of I City. Path analysis showed significant relationships between frequency of activities at the center and role identity as a worker at the center, role identity and self-esteem, and self-esteem and life satisfaction. The findings validate the activity theory of aging.

著者

大薗 博記 渡部 幹 吉川 左紀子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.77-86, 2013

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Trustworthiness can be judged through smiles, because smiling is difficult to fake. On the other hand, linguistic information, which is easier to fake, is also a signal of a person's trustworthiness; persons claiming to be trustworthy will probably be punished if their lie is exposed. We examined the punishments given to unfair persons who expressed their trustworthiness through linguistic information or facial expressions. In the experiment, all the participants played the Trust Game, wherein they were assigned as donors; 67 participants in Experiment 1 were exposed to their partner's linguistic information (responses to the questionnaire: trustworthy/neutral), and 100 participants in Experiment 2 were shown their partner's face (smile/no smile). They then decided the amount of endowment to give to their partners. After hearing their partner's decision (regarding fair/unfair allocation), they had an opportunity to punish an unfair partner and deduct money from the partner's share. Results show that liars caught through linguistic information were punished severely, but those caught through facial expressions were not. The different mechanisms between processing linguistic information and facial expressions were discussed.

著者

白岩 祐子 宮本 聡介 唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.109-117, 2012

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Previous studies on attribution judgments concerning crime victims have commonly used the term "responsibility" to measure the negative implications regarding victims. However, responsibility is a concept that should be placed upon offenders, not victims. Victims have frequently been judged negatively, but the use of "responsibility" potentially inhibits the accurate understanding of such negative implications. Additionally, in judicial practice, "responsibility" is basically a term attributed to offenders. We therefore observed a certain shortcoming in the current research framework attributing responsibility to victims. Through judicial decisions and interviews with victims, we derived other labels supposedly containing negative victim judgments ("carelessness" and "fault") , and, together with the label "responsibility," considered whether people evaluate the victims using such labels. Moreover, to confirm whether these labels point to qualitatively distinct concepts, we examined their relationships with causal attribution. The results revealed that respondents rated the victim significantly lower on responsibility than the other negative labels, and we also found different prognostic factors for the labels. The implications of the study were discussed.

著者

樋口 収 原島 雅之

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.185-192, 2012

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The purpose of this study was to test the effect of construal level and achievement goal on predictions of how long it would take to complete an academic task. According to Construal Level Theory (Liberman & Trope, 2008; Trope & Liberman, 2010), when we predict the distant future (i.e., we construe the future in abstract features) , those predictions are based on abstract information. We hypothesized that participants who reported a stronger achievement goal predicted that they would spend a greater amount of time on the task when they construed the task abstractly. Two experiments tested the hypothesis. First, we assessed a participant's achievement goals. Then, we manipulated their construal level (e.g., the deadlines for submission of an essay: experiment 1), and asked them to estimate the amount of study time required. The results of the two experiments supported our hypothesis. The role of construal level on predictions is discussed.

著者

渡辺 匠 唐沢 かおり

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.83-92, 2012

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This research deals with determinants of perception of social consensus between the self and ingroup in the minimal group paradigm. Specifically, we predicted that ingroup projection would shield the individual from threats because connection with ingroup members could provide comfort and validate self-concepts. The results confirmed our hypothesis that the manipulation of self-threat invokes enhanced ingroup projection, whereas outgroup projection was not affected by threats to the self. These results are consistent with the previous literature that ingroup members are judged to be similar to the self. Adding to these findings, our data imply that when people are under threat, they tend to project their own traits onto ingroup members for the purpose of self-protection. The findings are discussed within the context of the potential use of self-ingroup relationships as self-defense mechanisms.

著者

後藤 崇志 楠見 孝

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.125-136, 2013

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The purpose of this research was to investigate whether a decrement in self-control resources caused burnout among employees with different degrees of autonomy. We conducted a panel survey among 424 employees. The results revealed that 1) autonomy affected the relationship between controlling emotional sensations and burnout. Controlling emotional sensations increased burnout among employees with low autonomy, but not among those with high autonomy. Moreover, the results revealed that 2) autonomy did not affect the relationship between other self-control behaviors and burnout. We discussed why a decrement in self-control resources caused burnout and how autonomy affected it, by referring to the process of self-control based on the Limited Resource Model, cognitive control, and physiological underpinnings.

著者

池内 裕美 藤原 武弘 土肥 伊都子

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.27-38, 2000

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"Extended self" is defined as "the aggregation of all obiects that people regard as a part of themselves; for example, their body parts, parents, friends, pet animals, job, social roles, etc." The purposes of this study were 1) to investigate the emotional reaction of involuntary loss of the extended self, that is, "material possessions" and 2) to examine the structure of "extended self" and its relation to the values attached to the possessions. We collected samples from the victims of the 1995 Hanshin Earthquake (209 university students) and the 1994 Northridge Earthquake (87 university students). The questionnaire asked them to describe what kind of favorite possessions they lost, the emotions when they lost them, the values they attached to the possessions and to what extent they regarded the external objects as a part of themselves. The results showed both similarities and differences between the victims of two earthquakes. The main findings were as follows: 1) Most victims of both earthquakes showed a similar emotional reaction, that is, "sadness" to the loss of important possessions. 2) For the values they attached to their lost possessions, "functional value," "emotional value," "self-presentational value," and "symbolic value of relationship" were extracted. 3) The more emotional value the victims of the Hanshin Earthquake gave to their possessions, on the other hand, the more self-presentational value the victims of the Northridge Earthquake gave to their possessions, the more the victims of both earthquake regarded their possession as a part of extended self.