著者

樫村 修生 酒井 秋男

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.145-154, 2006-02-01 (Released:2007-04-04)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 1

---

This study reviewed the influence of hypoxic training on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) sensitivity in the isolated perfused lungs preparation of rats. In addition, the study examined the kind of mechanism involved. Therefore, we inhibited nitric oxide (NO) release of endothelial cells, using on NO synthase inhibitor, and reviewed the impact on HPV.As a result, the following became clear. 1)Hypoxic training inhibited HPV. 2) HPV was increased by the administration of NO synthase inhibitor L-NMMA, in particular, conspicuously inhibited HPV in the hypoxic training group was increased. 3) The negative correlation between the onset of blood lactate accumulation and HPV was significant.From the above, it can be concluded that hypoxic training inhibited HPV and NO release for a pulmonary vascular endothelial cell. In addition, we understood that HPV was decreased by hypoxic training as the ability for endurance exercise was increased.

著者

松井 知之 森原 徹 東 善一 瀬尾 和弥 平本 真知子 木田 圭重 高島 誠 堀井 基行 久保 俊一

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.3, pp.223-226, 2013-06-01 (Released:2013-06-21)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2 5

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The pitching motion requires neck, trunk and hip rotations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pitching injuries and dominant versus non-dominant differences of the ranges of these motions. The subjects were 66 high school baseball pitchers who received medical checkup during baseball classes in Kyoto prefecture. During medical checkup, physical therapists measured the ranges of neck/trunk rotations, and internal rotation of the bilateral hips. Then orthopaedic doctors did special tests such as shoulder internal impingement test, subacromial impingement test, elbow valgus stress test and elbow hyper extension test. Fourteen pitchers (21.2%) who were positive in one or more special tests were judged to require second screening (injured group). In normal group, average neck/trunk rotations toward the non-dominant side were significantly wider than rotations toward the dominant side. Average hip internal rotation was significantly wider on the non-dominant side than on the dominant side. In injured group, a larger number of pitchers had wider neck and trunk rotation ranges toward the dominant side than toward the non-dominant side, and had wide hip internal rotation range on the dominant side compared to the non-dominant side. Comparing the ranges of the neck/trunk rotations and hip internal rotation between dominant and non-dominant sides might be useful for the prediction of pitching injuries of the shoulder and the elbow.

著者

松井 知之 森原 徹 平本 真知子 東 善一 瀬尾 和弥 宮崎 哲哉 来田 宣幸 山田 陽介 木田 圭重 池田 巧 堀井 基行 久保 俊一

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.5, pp.463-468, 2014-10-01 (Released:2014-10-02)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Pitching motion is made up by three-dimensional whole body movement. Pelvic and trunk rotation movement is important for the prevention of throwing injuries. Throwing is not a simple rotation movement. Evaluation should reflect muscle strength, coordination, and pitching motion characteristics. We have devised throwing rotational assessment (TRA) similar to throwing as the new evaluation of total rotation angle required for throwing. The purpose of this study was to introduce the new method and to examine the characteristics of players with throwing disorders. The subjects were 76 high school baseball pitchers who participated in the medical check. Pain-induced tests were elbow hyperextension test and intra-articular shoulder impingement test. Pitchers who felt pain in either test were classified as disorder group. TRA evaluation was performed as follows. In the positions similar to the foot contact phase, rotation angles of the pelvis and trunk were measured. In the position similar to follow through phase, the distance between the middle finger and the second toe was measured. All tests were performed in the throwing and opposite direction. Twenty five pitchers were classified as disorder group. All TRA tests in healthy group were significantly higher in the throwing direction than in the opposite direction, but there was no significant difference in the disorder group. Disorder group had significantly lower average rotation angles of the pelvis and trunk in the throwing direction and rotation angle of trunk in the opposite direction than the healthy group. Restrictions on TRA reflecting the complex whole body rotation movement may be related to the throwing disorder. This evaluation is a simple method. It would be useful early detection of throwing disorder and systematic evaluation in medical check, as well as self-check in the sports field.

著者

内田 智也 松本 晋太朗 小松 稔 野田 優希 石田 美弥 佃 美智留 中山 良太 武田 雄大 平川 理映子 武藤 貢平 大久保 吏司 古川 裕之 藤田 健司

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.237-242, 2016-04-01 (Released:2016-03-18)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1

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Recently, the problem of the high incidence of throwing injuries in young people has been gaining attention. Identifying high-risk players before the onset of the throwing injury is important for prevention. One of the most widely used screening tests for sports-related injuries is the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), which assesses the quality of movement; however, its correlation with throwing injuries has not been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the FMS score and throwing injuries. The FMS was used during the medical check for two hundred and thirty junior high school baseball players. We allotted those who had experienced throwing injuries multiple times to the injury group and those who had never experienced throwing injury to the control group. We then calculated the FMS cutoff value using the receiver operating characteristic curve. In addition, we investigated differences in the incidence of throwing injury between above and below the cutoff value using chi-square test. The FMS cutoff score was 17. Players who scored ≤17 had a significantly higher incidence of throwing injuries than those who scored ≥18. Conclusion: We believe that FMS score is correlated to throwing injuries. In addition, the results suggest that throwing injuries might be prevented in junior high school baseball players who scored ≤17 on the FMS if they undergo training in the correct movement patterns.

著者

八田 秀雄

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.32, 2014 (Released:2014-01-24)

著者

吉川 敏一 西村 俊一郎 近藤 元治

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.241-246, 1994-08-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

20

著者

図子 浩二 西薗 秀嗣 平田 文夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.5, pp.593-600, 1998-10-01

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

4 2

---

A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of torque production with special reference to eccentric and concentric muscle contraction and the structural and functional properties at the lower limb joints in the human kinetic chain. Ten male college athletes were tested with a isokinetic dynamometer (biodex) for eccentric and concentric torques during extension and flexion at the hip and knee, and plantar flexion and dorsiflexion at the ankle (angular velocity ; 30, 60, 120 deg/s) . The peak eccentric and concentric torques were higher in the order hip, knee and ankle joints, as the size of each muscle acting on its joint increased. However, the rate of peak concentric to eccentric torque (CON/ECC, %) was higher at the ankle joint than at the hip and knee joints. They tended to increase in the order of angular velocity ; 30, 60, 120 deg/s. These results suggest that the ankle joint is charactered by higher eccentric torque production. This characteristic is probably due to the fact that (1) the ankle joint is located at the end of the human kinetic chain and plays a role in transmitting the power to the ground effectively, (2) the muscle tendon complex acting at the ankle joint must have increased stiffness and tolerate great stretch loads to store and reuse the amount of elastic energy, (3) the hip and knee joints located at the center are the main sources of power supply. On the other hand, no significant correlations were observed among the torques at the hip, knee and ankle. These results suggest that torque production is independent at each of the lower limb joints, and is based on the structural and functional properties of each joint. These findings seem to be useful to clarifying the methods of strength and power training that can be adapted to the characteristics of torque production and the structural and functional properties of the hip, knee and ankle joints.

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.6, pp.887-889, 2009-12-01 (Released:2010-01-18)

著者

清水 宗茂 藤田 浩太郎 市川 淳 森松 文毅 向井 直樹

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.5, pp.559-566, 2004-10-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

21

---

本研究では, 関節部への負担が高い走運動愛好者を対象として, コラーゲン・グルコサミン混合液の継続摂取が関節マーカーに及ぼす影響を検討した.その結果, 30日間のコラーゲン・グルコサミン混合液摂取により, 血清KSおよび血清MMP-3が摂取15, 30日目において有意に低下することが認められた.本研究の結果は, コラーゲン・グルコサミン混合液の継続摂取が, 関節軟骨の損傷および炎症を予防し, 関節部のコンディショニングに対して有効であることを示唆するものである.

著者

澤田 亨

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.25, 2018 (Released:2018-01-19)

参考文献数

11

著者

大橋 啓太 小野 くみ子 川手 勇也 渡瀬 涼 石川 朗

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.303-309, 2018-08-01 (Released:2018-07-18)

参考文献数

16

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the difference in the ways to carry a baby using a baby carrier on the respiratory response during upslope walking. Fourteen healthy adults participated in this study. We set the individualized walking speed at 30% of the maximum oxygen uptake at 0% grade. The test began at 0% grade walking on the treadmill and increased by 2% every 5 min until 8%. The test was performed randomly in these two conditions: holding an infant model weighing approximately 15% of body weight in front of the subject with a baby carrier (F) and backpack with a baby carrier (B). Heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (TV), respiratory exchange ratio (R), and respiratory rate (RR) were measured and the values from the last 1 min of each grade were averaged. HR, VO2, VE, TV, R, and RR significantly increased with increasing grade in each condition. There were no significant differences in interaction effects in HR, VO2, VE, TV, R, and RR. This study suggests that the difference in the ways to carry a baby using a baby carrier has no effects on the respiratory response during upslope walking at a speed corresponding to 30% of the maximum oxygen uptake at 0% grade until 8% grade.

著者

野井 真吾 小沢 治夫 小磯 透 正木 健雄

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.4, pp.513-522, 2000-08-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

4 2

---

The purpose of this study was to examine the bone stiffness of healthy girls during their growth period and factors affecting on such stiffness. The subjects were 302 secondary school girls in Tokyo. Parameters examined included the body characteristics (standing height, body weight, bone stiffness measured by ultrasound, muscle thickness measured with the ultrasound B-mode system), extension power of the lower limb (containing the knee and hip joints), and a questionnaire about the daily intake of milk, kinds of meals and number of years from menophania. These examinations were carried out in June 1997.Results were summarized as follows : 1) From the observation of bone stiffness in secondary school girls, it appears that bone stiffness increases during the junior high school period. In other words, the bone stiffness of the subjects had almost reached on adult level by high school. 2) A significant positive correlation was recognized between chronological age and bone stiffness (r=0.365, p<0.05) . A positive correlation also existed between the years from menophania and bone stiffness (r=0.477, p<0.05) . These coefficients showed that the years from menophania correlate with bone stiffness more closely in comparison with chronological age. 3) In the period when short comparatively years from menophania, body characteristics, which were the index of maturity, correlated to bone stiffness. However, muscle thickness/power, which was related to exercise habit, became the major parameter correlating with bone stiffness. These results suggest that factors affecting bone stiffness should differ according to the growth period. 4) Comparison of different athletic clubs showed that the bone stiffness of volleyball players was higher than that of control. These data suggest that physical education class, which was given 3 times a week, is not enough for total body development in both quality and quantity. In other words, physical education should be better matched with total physical development, including the growth of healthy bones.

著者

鈴木 政登

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.5, pp.407-422, 2002-10-01 (Released:2010-12-10)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

1 4

---

Numerous studies on serum enzymes derived from skeletal muscle, such as CH, AST, LDH, are also being reported in the field of sports medicine. In this article, I would like to summarize the findings on “physical exercise and serum enzymes” studied up to the present. Secondly, I will evaluate the usefulness and limits as indicators of condition and muscle fatigue in athletes. The amount of change and time course of Ch, AST, LDH and myoglobin responses were markedly different in 5-km, marathon and triathalon races, and in trained and untrained subjects. Trained subjects showed peaks of these enzymes one day after endurance running, and untrained subjects had a typical biphasic variation after endurance running. The typical change in untrained subjects might reflect a series of different histopathological changes, including muscle damage, repair and regeneration of muscles. In participants of women's marathon races, higher ranking prize winners showed lower levels before and lower increases in Ch activity after the mice than the other participants. higher serum CIA activity above 300 mU/ml accompanied by increases in serum myosin light chain I (MLC I) concentration (above 2.5 ng/ml) without increases in troponin T and CN-MIA were observed during marathon, triathalon, 100-km and 250 km ultra marathon races. The athletes who showed a higher serum CK activity above 500 mU/ml at the pre-race stage felt subjective fatigue and sonic dropped out from the race. Normal persons who had a lower Ch activity below 40.50 mU/ml indi cated lower levels of serum HDL-C and physical fitness (VO2max) . On the contrary, persons who showed a higher CR level of 100-200 mU/ml or more had higher levels of IIDL-C and VO2max.Measurement of serum CK activity might provide useful information for checking health and physical fitness levels in normal persons, and also the physical and subjective conditions of athletes.

著者

新矢 博美 芳田 哲也 高橋 英一 常岡 秀行 中井 誠一

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.75-88, 2003-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3 5

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The effects of fencing uniforms (U) on thermoregulatory responses were analyzed in both practical field investigation (PFI) and laboratory experiment (LE) . In PFI, six fencers (college-aged) performed regular fencing practice wearing U and wearing a short-sleeved shirt and pants (T) in summer. Rectal temperature (Tr), chest skin temperature (Tch), mask temperature (Tmk), heart rate (HR) and sweat rate (SR) were measured during fencing practice. In LE, seven male college-aged subjects performed three sessions of 20-min cycling at light intensity (250 W/m2) in a room temperature maintained at 28 WBGT (wet bulb globe temperature) . Esophageal temperature (Tes), mean skin temperature (Tsk), mean body temperature (Tb), HR, and SR were measured during exercise wearing U and in a semi-nude condition (N) . In both PFI and LE, increases in Tch, Tsk, Tb, Tes, Tr and SR were significantly (p<0.001) greater when wearing U than when wearing T and N. In PFI, the maximal value of Tr correlated significantly with the maximal values of Tch (r=0.513, p<0.001) and SR (r=0.635, p<0.001) during practice wearing U and T. In LE, positive correlations between Tsk and Tes (r=0.797, p<0.001), and between Tb and SR (r=0.658, p<0.02) were found at the end of exercise wearing U and N. In PFI, although the Tsk decreased within a few minutes of a decrease in Tmk, a significant relationship between the decrease in Tmk and Tsk or Tr was not observed during fencing practice. These results demonstrate that when wearing U, a higher skin temperature induces core temperature elevation, and higher skin and core temperatures are associated with increases in SR and HR during exercise in a hot environment. Thus, wearing light clothing during exercise, and taking off the fencing jacket and mask during rest periods would be recommended to reduce the heat stress during fencing practice in hot environments.

著者

津山 薫 藤城 仁音 中嶋 耕平 中里 浩一 中嶋 寛之

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.251-263, 1999-04-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

19

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A study was conducted to evaluate and compare neck muscle strength between two levels of college American football players with the aim of preventing neck injuries. The subjects were American football players at N University (n=52) belonging to the first level league and American football players at G University (n=14) belonging to the third level league. The findings were as follows.1. The neck muscle strength of freshman players at N University tended to be lower than that of senior players.2. It was shown that the neck muscle strength/body weight of experienced American football players was 10-30% higher than that of inexperienced players.3. There was a significant difference in neck muscle strength/body weight between N University and G University in 1997. However, there was no significant difference between them in 1998, because neck muscle strength/body weight of G University players increased by 13-30% after neck muscle training for about nine months. It was suggested that coaching staff must evaluate the neck muscle strength of each player, especially in freshmen who have had no experience of American football, in order to prevent neck injuries because mismatch of performance level may cause catastrophic neck injury.

著者

渡邊 大輝

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.207-218, 2018-06-01 (Released:2018-05-16)

参考文献数

72

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Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are tetrameric Ca2+ release channels of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). This review attempts to detail the key mechanism of RyR channel gating and to discuss the hypothesis that skeletal muscle fatigue, defined as reduced force production, would result from functional changes in both individual RyR channel opening and coupling among RyR channels. Previous studies have shown that RyR channels in skeletal muscle open simultaneously, called coupled gating, because of physical interaction among channels. In this review, mechanisms underlying muscle fatigue are discussed with consideration of the coupling effect. Fatigue mechanisms are thought to be different between acute exercise and long-term exercise training. The impairments in individual channel opening and coupling between RyR channels can occur after acute exercise, leading to decreased SR Ca2+ release and force depression. On the contrary, during long-term exercise training, individual channel opening would be enhanced but coupling between channels would be impaired. If this were to continue for long periods, SR Ca2+ content would reduce, leading to less Ca2+ release and lower force production.

著者

猪口 清一郎 岩本 壮太郎 石川 博 東 慶紀

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.45-51, 1980-03-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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The muscle fibers of M. rectus abdominis from 3 sportsmen (Weight-lifting, Boxing and Body-building) were examined histologically and compared with the mean of 22 human control subjects. Following results were obtained.1. Compared with the M, rectus abdominis of control subjects, the sportsmen's rectus abdominis muscle area was about 4 times the cross-sectional area of muscle belly and the number of muscle fibers per sq, mm, were 1/3 that of the control specimens. The total number and mean size of sportsmen muscle fibers corresponded to the respective maxima of the controls, and the muscle fiber density in sportsmen corresponded to the minimum control value.2. Comparing the myofibrous organization of 3 specimens, the muscle of the boxer was largest in cross-sectional area, in frequency of muscle fibers with large diameter, and in volume of interstitial connective tissue. It was the smallest of the 3 specimens in the number of muscle fibers per sq. mm. We found that the muscle of the weight-lifter was intermediate in these four categories.

著者

大須賀 洋祐 鄭 松伊 金 泰浩 大久保 善郎 金 ウンビ 田中 喜代次

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, pp.407-418, 2015-08-01 (Released:2015-07-27)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

4 1

---

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an exercise intervention for older married couples on exercise adherence and physical fitness. Thirty-six older married couples and 61 older adults participated in the study as couple and non-couple groups (CG, NCG, respectively). Participants attended an exercise class once a week and performed a home-based exercise program consisting of walking and strength exercise over eight weeks. Exercise adherence was assessed by the rate of non-absentee, walking habits (≥ 2 times/week), and strength exercise habits (≥ 6 items*2 sets/week). Physical fitness was assessed by the Senior Fitness Tests. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to obtain the CG’s odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for non-absentee, walking habits, and strength exercise habits (reference: NCG). Analyses of covariance were used to examine the statistical difference in the degree of change (⊿) for physical fitness between CG and NCG. CG had significantly higher ORs for non-absentee and walking habits compared with NCG but there was no significant difference in the rate of strength exercise habits between the two groups. In regards to ⊿ for physical fitness, significantly higher ⊿ for upper extremity strength was observed in CG than in NCG, while there were no significant differences in ⊿ for other physical fitness items between the two groups. These results suggest that an exercise intervention for older married couples would be more useful to maintain higher participation in exercise program and walking and improving upper extremity strength.

著者

井上 茂

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.22, 2016 (Released:2016-01-24)

著者

下方 浩史 安藤 富士子

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.133-142, 2017-04-01 (Released:2017-03-19)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

3

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The state in which physical and mental functions are deteriorated with aging is called frailty, and decrease in muscle mass and muscle strength with aging accompanying deterioration of physical function is called sarcopenia. Frailty and sarcopenia are found in older adults, which is a major obstacle to achieve healthy longevity. Estimation of prevalence and number of patients, as well as elucidation of risk factors in frailty and sarcopenia are important for the prevention of frailty and sarcopenia. The prevalence of frailty determined by criteria based on the method of Fried et al. was 5.2% for men and 20.9% for women in a cohort of randomly selected community-living population, and the estimated number of people with frailty was about 0.77 million men and 2,22 million women among the population aged 65 years and over in Japan. The prevalence of sarcopenia by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria was 9.6% for men and 7.7% for women. The number of people aged 65 years and over with sarcopenia in Japan was estimated to be 1.64 million for men and 1.39 million for women. The onset of frailty was related to physique, physical function, cognitive function, depression, and various chronic diseases. Depression and lack of exercise were significant risk factors of sarcopenia. Physical activity, nutrition and control of chronic diseases are required for the prevention of frailty and sarcopenia, and the prevention will be an important issue for health and longevity in Japan.