著者

大谷 和大 山村 麻予

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.5, pp.499-503, 2017 (Released:2017-12-25)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 4

---

This study investigated the effect of emphasis on classroom social goals (compliance goals vs. prosocial goals) on psychological reactance and intention to share the goals. Elementary school children (N = 139) participated in a questionnaire-based experiment. In the experiment, two hypothetical scenarios were presented in which hypothetical teachers emphasized classroom social goals (i.e., compliance goals, representing the minimum level of compliance with rules, versus prosocial goals, representing the ideal level of compliance with rules), and the participants were asked to rate their psychological reactance and intention to share the goal related to each condition. A within-participant t test revealed that compliance goals were higher in psychological reactance. Twocondition within-participant mediation analysis also revealed that compliance goals indirectly undermined the children’s intention to share the goals, mediated by psychological reactance.

著者

佐藤 德 杉浦 義典

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.6, pp.605-611, 2014-02-25 (Released:2014-04-15)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

7 7

---

Previous studies showed that incidental feelings of disgust could make moral judgments more severe. In the present study, we investigated whether individual differences in mindfulness modulated automatic transference of disgust into moral judgment. Undergraduates were divided into high- and low-mindfulness groups based on the mean score on each subscale of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Participants were asked to write about a disgusting experience or an emotionally neutral experience, and then to evaluate moral (impersonal vs. high-conflict personal) and non-moral scenarios. The results showed that the disgust induction made moral judgments more severe for the low “acting with awareness” participants, whereas it did not influence the moral judgments of the high “acting with awareness” participants irrespective of type of moral dilemma. The other facets of the FFMQ did not modulate the effect of disgust on moral judgment. These findings suggest that being present prevents automatic transference of disgust into moral judgment even when prepotent emotions elicited by the thought of killing one person to save several others and utilitarian reasoning conflict.

著者

丸山 淳市 藤 桂

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.14059, (Released:2016-01-15)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

7 5

---

In this study we aimed to examine the contents of humor in the Japanese workplace and to understand the effects of humor on mental/physical health and self-evaluation of job performance. Japanese workers (N = 436) responded to questionnaires addressing workplace humor, feelings about workplace, workplace communication, mental/physical health, and perceived job performance. An exploratory factor analysis indicated that there are five types of workplace humor: norm-violating humor, experience-sharing humor, workplace-enjoying humor, people-recalling humor, and outside-mocking humor. A covariance structural analysis showed that norm-violating humor and workplace-enjoying humor decreased mental and physical health by promoting both negative feelings in the workplace and self-disclosure about the negative side of work. Results also revealed that experience-sharing humor, people-recalling humor, and outside-mocking humor had a positive effect on the self-evaluation of job performance as well as mental and physical health, by promoting both positive feelings and mutual communication in the workplace. Results suggest that humor in the workplace has various influences on workers depending on the type of workplace humor.

著者

向井 智哉 松木 祐馬 木村 真利子 近藤 文哉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.19211, (Released:2020-07-30)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

1

---

This study aims to explore how the relationship between punitiveness and attributional style differs between Japan and Korea. Data from 330 Japanese and 339 Koreans were analyzed. Multi-group structural equation modeling showed that in both Japan and Korea, punitiveness consisted of three factors (support for harsher punishment, greater criminalization, and use of the death penalty) while the attributional style consisted of two factors (dispositional attribution and situational attribution). In both countries, dispositional attribution was related to punitiveness. Regarding differences, the scores for punitiveness on all three subscale scores and for dispositional attribution were higher in Korea whereas the negative relationship between punitiveness subscale scores and situational attribution was stronger in Japan. This suggests that Japanese are less likely to support punitive measures for criminals and to attribute the causes of crime to the criminals themselves than Koreans. In addition, when deciding on the severity of punishment, Japanese are more likely to take situational causes into consideration.

著者

柏木 惠子 平山 順子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.122-130, 2003-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

4 5

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate recent changes in marital norm and reality in middle-aged couples, and how marital reality, as perceived by oneself, was associated with their demographic variables, as well as their marital satisfaction. A questionnaire was administered, and 277 pairs of middle-aged, nuclear-family couples participated. Main findings were as follows. First, factor analysis of marital reality variables extracted three factors: love each other, respect for the husband's life style, and respect for wife's life style. Second, concerning the wife's education and income, ‘respect for the wife's life style’ was highest among highly educated double income couples. Third, ‘love each other’ was the most important predictor of marital satisfaction for both husbands and wives. Finally, ‘respect for the husband's the life style’ was associated with husband's satisfaction, while that for the wife's was not with wife's marital satisfaction.

著者

田中 孝治 加藤 隆

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.3, pp.182-192, 2012 (Released:2012-11-23)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

---

Often after opening an emergency door, an evacuee may need to turn right or left or go further straight ahead to reach the emergency exit. This study examined whether the currently-adopted emergency exit sign could be made more effective with advance information on the evacuation route. The current sign was modified by adding a left-bent or right-bent arrow to its left-facing or right-facing version respectively. In a computer-simulated evacuation task, participants were required to decide as quickly as possible which direction to turn after going through the door under the current or the modified exit sign. The modified sign was shown to be effective in leading the participants to choose the direction consistent with its directional arrow, whereas the current sign, whether left-facing or right-facing, showed no such effect. However, in a recognition memory test given immediately following the completion of the simulated evacuation task, many of those who had successfully chosen the direction suggested by the modified sign falsely selected the current left-facing sign as what they had seen.

著者

鮑 婧 加藤 道代

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.19208, (Released:2020-07-30)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

6

---

The present study involves the construction of a measure called the Japanese version of the Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy about Anger Questionnaire (PMEPA-J) and examination of its reliability and validity. Participants consisted of 272 mothers of children aged 2-5 years who completed the PMEPA-J and other questionnaires. Confirmation factor analysis yielded a 19-item, 4-factor structure with the following factors: Coaching, Non-Involvement, Dysfunction, and Dismissing. Cronbach’s α values were .75-.89 and ω values were .78-.89, which indicated adequate internal consistency. The sub-scales were correlated in the expected directions with other measures in the Parental Attitude and Parenting Self-Efficacy Scales. Coaching was significantly positively correlated with “Parenting Self-Efficacy”, “Acceptance and Child-Centeredness” and negatively correlated with “Inconsistent and Lax Discipline” as well as “Control”. In contrast, Non-Involvement, Dysfunction, and Dismissing were significantly negatively correlated with “Parenting Self-Efficacy”, “Acceptance and Child-Centeredness” and positively correlated with “Inconsistent and Lax Discipline” as well as “Control”.

著者

後藤 崇志 石橋 優也 梶村 昇吾 岡 隆之介 楠見 孝

出版者

The Japanese Psychological Association

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.86.13233, (Released:2015-01-15)

参考文献数

44

被引用文献数

4 7

---

We developed a free will and determinism scale in Japanese (FAD-J) to assess lay beliefs in free will, scientific determinism, fatalistic determinism, and unpredictability. In Study 1, we translated a free will and determinism scale (FAD-Plus) into Japanese and verified its reliability and validity. In Study 2, we examined the relationship between the FAD-J and eight other scales. Results suggested that lay beliefs in free will and determinism were related to self-regulation, critical thinking, other-oriented empathy, self-esteem, and regret and maximization in decision makings. We discuss the usefulness of the FAD-J for studying the psychological functions of lay beliefs in free will and determinism.

著者

亀口 憲治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.53-65, 1998-04-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

1

---

This article reviewed the development of clinical approaches to psychological study of family. Five relevant issues were discussed: Viewpoints, paradoxical approach, family system, school system, and prevention. First, epistemological bases for clinical family psychology were discussed. Then, some of paradoxical approaches in psychotherapy and family therapy were reviewed. An innovative approach to family system was introduced to exemplify the collaboration of clinical practitioners and basic researchers. Also, clinical approaches to school-system reform were reviewed in the context of systemic intervention. Finally, the future direction of clinical approaches in prevention research was suggested. It was also argued that complementary development of clinical and basic research in psychological study should attract much more attention of psychologists in every field.

著者

築島 謙三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.30-38, 1949

---

&ldquo;The term symbolism covers a great variety of apparently dissimilar modes of behavior&rdquo; says E. Sapir and he however, distinguishes two charactertics as emerging constantly amid those various senses in which the word is used i.e. referring to the meaning, there being no natural relation between the meaning and the meant and expressing a condensation of energy its actual significance being out of all proportion to that suggested directly by its mere form. It follows then that we have both referential symbolism and condensation symbolism. In its original sense, the symbolism he thinks is restricted to the former sort. Leslie A. White holds the same concept and he insists upon the great significance of the symbolic process as the striking mark that distinguishes man from animal. E. Cassirer's latest book (&ldquo;An Essay on Man&rdquo;) expounds the same idea by applying numerous facts observed by animal psychologists in U.S.A. such as K&ouml;hler, Yerkes and speaks emphatically ahout the incapacity of handling words of the anthropoid apes. And he says there is abundant evidence that various other types of sign process than the symbolic are of frequent occurrence and function effectively in the chimpanzee. The logical analysis of human speech always leads us to an element of prime importance which has no parallel in the animal world. And so I think we can say without a big mistake that the principle of symbolism, with its universal validity and general applicability. give access to the specifically human world and to the world of human culture.<br>The birth of the referential symbolism in man the character of which has thus been clarified in comparison cf man and animal, is explained by G. H. Mead as follows. It is through the ability to be the other at the same time that he is himself that the symbol becomes significant. Signification is not confined to the particular situation within which an indindual is given. It requires universal meaing. How does this generalization arise? It mast take place through the individual generalizing himself in his attitude of the other. A child acquires the sense of property through taking what may be called the attitude of the generalized other. These attitudes which all assume in given conditions and over against the same objects become for him attitudes which everyone assumes. So, the generalization is simply the result of the identity of responses.<br>Mead thinks that the basis of symbolism lies in the ability to be the other at the same time that he is himself. But is it not correct to explain that to be the other at the same time that he is himself is itself the symbolic functioning? That a child, being a member of a certain group, can have the same behavior as that of all, shows at the same time that he has caught so-called quasi-universality, as far as he is restricted by the field he is in. To catch this quasi-universality and to catch the true universality freed from space and time are not the same, I believe. It is not evident that the former necessarily leads to the latter. To reach the former by way of the latter is itself the operation of the symbolic thought. To relate both to each other is possible only by the mind that can conceive the universal meaning. H. B. Helson too who says that a concrete thinking may happen to lead an abstract thinking and an abstrant thinking may happen to suggest a concrete thinking does not think that there is a causal relation between both. This is clear also from his other words: Our intuition functions on an abstract place and our reasoning has as firm a hold on us on the abstract level as if we were convinced of the truth of a visual perception.<br>Psychological principles valid for the concrete, easily geometrized type of problem are also applicable to thinking about problems in abstract symbolic terms.&rdquo;<br>Thus symbolic thinking, that makes one thing mean another is deeply in human being. &ldquo;To make mean&rdquo; is the kernel

著者

小倉 慈子 矢澤 久史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.80-86, 2014-04-25 (Released:2014-04-15)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

3 2

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This study investigated the hypothesis that narcissistic personality traits would affect risk-taking behaviors through self-monitoring. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory Short Version (NPI-S), the Self-monitoring Scale (SM), and the Risk-taking Behavior Scale for Undergraduates (RIBS-U) were administered to 192 university and graduate students. There were three NPI-S factors (“sense of superiority and competence”, “need for attention and praise”, and “self-assertion”), two SM factors (“extraversion” and “other-directedness”), and the single risk-taking factor of the RIBS-U. Covariance structure analysis was then conducted to test whether narcissistic personality traits would affect risk-taking behaviors through self-monitoring. Analysis showed that the factors of “sense of superiority and competence” and “need for attention and praise” affected risk-taking behavior through the “other-directedness” factor. However, the “self-assertion” factor was found to have a direct effect on risk-taking behavior.

著者

江上 園子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.2, pp.148-156, 2007-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

3 1

---

This study examined the impact of mothers' adherence to “maternal love” on maternal emotional expression toward their children. It was postulated that adherence to “maternal love” (defined as the tendency to accept and obey blindly the traditional maternal role and sociocultural belief in “desirable mothers”) would have both positive and negative effects on maternal emotional expression, depending on the mothers' occupational status and satisfaction in workplace. The results showed an interaction between mothers' adherence to “maternal love” and the mothers' satisfaction in the workplace, which affected their expression of emotion. When satisfaction in the workplace was rated in the middle, it was positively associated with positive emotional expression. When satisfaction in the workplace was rated as high, it was both positively and negatively associated with positive emotional expression for full-time workers. Moreover, when satisfaction in the workplace was rated as in the middle, it was negatively associated with negative emotional expression, and when satisfaction in the workplace was rated as low or high, it was positively associated with negative emotional expression for all workers. These findings confirmed that mothers' adherence to “maternal love” is “the double-edged sword”.

著者

石井 国雄 田戸岡 好香

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.3, pp.240-248, 2015 (Released:2015-08-25)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

1 8

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Previous research has suggested that Western European individuals exhibit negative attitudes toward older adults under pathogen threat. The present study investigated whether Japanese individuals exhibited ageism when pathogen threat was salient. Additionally, the study determined whether pathogen threat would have less of an impact on ageism among individuals with experience living with older adults. Study 1 showed that when pathogen threat was chronically and contextually salient, Japanese university students who had no experience living with older adults exhibited ageism, while those with such experience did not. Study 2 showed similar findings among Japanese nursing students. We argue that familiarity with older adults is essential for diminishing ageism in the event of a pathogen threat.

著者

相川 充 大城 トモ子 横川 和章

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.3, pp.200-203, 1983-08-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

---

The present study was designed to examine the effect of personalistic attribution and the intimacy level of disclosure on interpersonal attraction and reciprocity of self-disclosure. Two subjects were exposed to a disclosure of low (medium, high) intimacy level by a partner (confederate). In order to manipulate personalistic attribution, she (confederate) was asked in advance to choose whether to talk (disclose herself) to one or both of the subjects. Results confirmed a curvilinear relationship between the intimacy level of disclosure and interpersonal attraction. Reciprocity was higher when self-disclosure was at the medium level. However, no particular effect of personalistic attribution was confirmed.

著者

遠藤 寛子 湯川 進太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.6, pp.505-513, 2012 (Released:2012-08-18)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

2 4

---

Relationships were investigated between the sense of unintegration of thoughts, recurrent thinking, and avoidance behavior, which are considered to be factors in maintaining anger. Undergraduate students (N = 990) were asked to write about anger episodes that they had experienced a week or more ago. Then, they completed a questionnaire assessing their sense of unintegration of thoughts at the present time and just after the episode, their present recurrent thinking, their avoidance behavior after the episode, and their present degree of anger. The results of covariance structure analysis indicated that the sense of unintegration of thoughts just after the episode maintained anger through recurrent thinking. Recurrent thinking also intensified their present sense of unintegration of thoughts, which directly maintained anger. Moreover, the sense of unintegration of thoughts just after the episode led to an increase in avoidance behavior, which was related to recurrent thinking.

著者

篠ヶ谷 圭太

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.91.19212, (Released:2020-05-22)

参考文献数

40

---

This study involved the development of a questionnaire about monitoring in learners’ interaction and examined its role in peer tutoring. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a 4-factor model: “self-understanding”(checking one’s own level of understanding), “other-understanding” (checking others’ level of understanding)”, “difference” (checking difference in one’s own and others’ ideas), and “engagement” (checking one’s own level of engagement). In the main study, 54 college students conducted a peer tutoring session and completed the questionnaire about monitoring after the session. Data analysis on the relationship between monitoring scores and protocols revealed that tutors’ scores of self-understanding and other-understanding were positively correlated with interpretive explanations, while the score for difference was negatively associated with descriptive explanations. The score of engagement only showed a positive association with non-explanatory utterances. The results also suggested that tutees’ score for self-understanding and other-understanding are positively associated with complimentary explanations. Finally, the importance of focusing on learners’ monitoring during interactions and future perspectives for research studies about cooperative learning are discussed.

著者

尾崎 由佳 唐沢 かおり

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.5, pp.450-458, 2011 (Released:2012-02-27)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

17 21

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Four studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between valences of self-evaluation and approach-avoidance tendencies. Based on regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1997, 1998), we predicted that positivity of self-evaluation is related to the tendency to approach gains, while negativity of self-evaluation is related to the tendency to avoid losses. In Study 1, a self-report measure of behavioral tendencies for approaching gains and avoiding losses was developed. In Studies 2 to 4, correlations between these approach/avoidance tendencies and various kinds of self-evaluations were examined. Overall, the authors' predictions were supported. The results suggest that the self-evaluation system and the self-regulation system work in close cooperation with each other in controlling human behavior.

著者

池田 大樹 林 光緒

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.1-9, 2012 (Released:2012-09-26)

参考文献数

32

---

This study investigated the effects of self-awakening on daytime sleepiness. Eleven undergraduate and graduate students without the habit of self-awakening participated. They were instructed to follow their usual sleep-wake schedule at home during the experimental weeks and were required to awaken at their usual time by themselves every morning for one week without the aid of an alarm (self-awakening condition) or in response to a telephone call from the experimenter every morning for another one week (forced-awakening condition). On the last day of each week, daytime tests were conducted in the laboratory. The participants would arrive at the laboratory 2 h after awakening, and 1 h later, they performed the auditory simple reaction time task, the digit-symbol substitution task, the letter cancellation test, and the multiple sleep latency test, and assessment of sleepiness, fatigue, comfort, and work motivation every 2 h. In the week when the participants underwent the self-awakening condition, self-awakening had a higher success rate (82%) than failure rate (18%) on the seventh day. In comparison with forced-awakening, self-awakening resulted in an improvement in subjective fatigue; however, sleepiness did not deteriorate.

著者

大上 渉 内山 朋美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.3, pp.270-280, 2018 (Released:2018-08-28)

参考文献数

25

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This study aimed to examine the crime scene behavior and general characteristics of individuals who commit product-tampering crimes related to food. In total, 121 cases of product tampering that occurred in Japan from 1981 to 2016, in which the offender was arrested, underwent cross-table analysis and multiple correspondence analysis. The results identified five types of product-tampering crimes that differed according to the foreign matter used: “use of a needle or something similar”; “use of bits of metal or something similar”; “use of medication, including psychotropic drugs”; “use of an agrichemical or pesticide”; and “use of a detergent”. The crime scene behaviors and characteristics of the offenders differed according to the foreign matter used, and such differences may relate to the type of adulterant that is mixed into the food or drink. The findings of this study will be useful for systematizing product-tampering crimes and will contribute to food-defense and product-tampering criminal investigations.

著者

服部 陽介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18313, (Released:2020-01-20)

参考文献数

15

---

Previous research has demonstrated that activated goal pursuit automatically inhibits alternative goals that interfere in the pursuit of the focal goal. To examine how the negative moods (depression and anxiety) and goal types (ideals and oughts) influence intergoal inhibition, we conducted 2 experiments. In Experiment 1, 56 participants described an attribute they desired to attain. They then listed other attributes they wanted to attain. In Experiment 2, after describing one of their current goals, 57 participants were asked to describe other goals. The results showed that the ideality of the goal determined whether depression attenuated intergoal inhibition. When the focal goals were construed as highly ideal, depression did not attenuate intergoal inhibition. Alternatively, anxiety was shown to not be a predicter of intergoal inhibition. The process underlying the relationship between depression and intergoal inhibition is discussed.