著者

萩森 直子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.201-209, 2011-03-10

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Erich Fromm discusses activity as an important concept that has evolved in meaning over time - what used to point solely to actions of significance which are not alienated from the self (inner activity) in ancient times now points mainly to actions that are relatively insignificant and are alienated from the self (outward activity). This paper examines Fromm's argument in detail and proposes that the possibility of such a dual interpretation of the concept of activity may help to add depth to today's citizenship education efforts which tend to emphasize active citizenship as outward activity in both theory and practice.

著者

増田 康介

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

no.59, pp.95-103, 2020-03-30

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The purpose of this paper is to critically review trends of empirical studies on welfare support attitudes focusing on the relationship between welfare institution and individuals in advanced capitalist countries. The early stages of welfare attitudes are limited because these studies cannot include changes of welfare state itself. This study applied definition of these changes as 'Activation Turn', which is seen in utilizing civil organizations in welfare provision and strengthening workfare such as job training and employment support. In addition, this paper examined the correspondents between 'Activation Turn' and the research trends of welfare support attitude. The result of this is that some studies on attitudes of welfare state support was based on social capital as a source of civil society and active labor market policies to encourage participation in the labor market. However, it shows that there is an issue in considering how to implement the politics of public support while the welfare state was undergoing 'Activation Turn'.

著者

白山 映子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.363-375, 2011

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During the Meiji Restoration, Japan adopted Western culture, ideas, education and technology, and even introduced new animal breeds from the West, including new varieties of rabbits. Cross-breeding with domestic varieties produced rabbits with unusual coloring, and around 1873 these became the target of speculative trading. This phenomenon is known as the "Rabbit Mania". In the same period, the genre Kaika-mono (lowbrow fiction) was popular among the ordinary people. Stories in this genre include "Seiyou Douchuu Hizakurige" (1870), "Aguranabe" (1871), "Bummei Kaika" (1873), "Kaika Mondou" (1874) and "Bummei Inaka Mondou" (1878). This paper discusses two stories belonging to this genre that deal with the "Rabbit Mania" : "Tori Gekka Mondou" and "Usagi no Mondou". The style of these stories is light and comical, and the former has a rather risqué flavor. The author explores the "Rabbit Mania" through an examination of the dialogue in these stories, and reports about the phenomenon in both English and Japanese newspapers. The paper also refers to related nishikie (colored woodblock print) parodies.

著者

三浦 太郎

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.393-401, 1998-03-26

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In the Edo period, among Japanese people who went abroad there were some who were keen about the difference between Western and Japanese libraries. Okataro Morita created the word "Shojaku-kwan (or Shoseki-kwan)" in order to express huge scale of the Western library. Then Seiryu Ichikawa used the word to give expression to a new library which would be open to the public and overcome the limit of the previous Japanese governmental library, Momijiyama Bunko, whose use had been restricted to the tycoon as a rule. The idea "Open to the public" was realized in 1875 when the Tokyo Shoseki-kwan was established as a free public library.

著者

塚田 美紀

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.407-415, 1996-12-20

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This paper examines the concept of art education of Ryusei Kishida(1891-1929) focusing on the meaning of "Shasei"("realism of sketching") and "Shajitsu" ("realism") , for the purpose of revealing the problems of expression in art education at Taisho era. "Shasei" is a problematic term both in art history and art education history in japan. Originally this term included not only the meaning of sketching merely "an object" , but also of pursuing "acutuality" and "liveliness" , even "spirituality" of the object. The richness of this term "Shasei" would be seen in the writings of Kishida, a painter who explored "Shajitsu"("realism") through his life. Kishida revealed that "Shajitsu" could take place only through a struggle between "inner life" and "object" . He also suggested that, through this struggle, the materials and techniques composing the "surface" of picture could become tools of enriching the expressing self. Through considering how his thoughts was accepted among art teachers in Taisho era, we could illuminate the problems of expression in historical context, that is, the separation between "inner life" and "technique" in expression.

著者

辻 直人

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.27-35, 2001-03-15

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Sending students abroad (ryugakusei) has been one of the important policy for higher education system in modern Japan. They were intended to be a professor after coming back to Japan. Especially, when the expansion of higher education system began in 1900's, more professors were required. So the number of studensts sent abroad increased in 1900's. But meanwhile, another opinion occurred : that is demanding the immediate reform or abolition of the student-sending system because of their bad reputation. These arguments influenced some part of the system. Monbusho, the ministry of education reinforced the supervision over the students in foreign countries, and tried to select more qualified person worthy for sending abroad by public subscription. We can also see some changes in the selection from the Imperial University of Tokyo, but it didn't alter as demanded.

著者

大滝 世津子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.131-144, 2007-03-10

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Focusing on two classes of as well as their teachers of three-year-old children as well as their teachers in a kindergarten, this research, which was held between April to October 2005, investigates how gender consciousness among children are related to their social relationships with teachers are peer groups. The research finds out that a majority of the children did not have any gender identity before entering the kindergarten, and there is no clear evidence to show that sex or date of birth are related to the time when children identity their gender. However, before entering the summer vacation at July, most of the children already have clear gender consciousness. The research then shows that children will recognize their gender identity earlier if they prefer playing within a group and communicating more with teachers. On the contrary, for those children who prefer to play alone or to keep a distance from teachers, they will identity their gender later. In addition, for those children who always stick to teacher but prefer to play alone, they still have earlier gender consciousness.

著者

高 吉嬉

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.1-10, 1997-12-12

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There is a wide gap of understanding modern history of East Asia by Koreans and Japanese people. It sometimes prevents two contries from improving the relationship. The aim of the present paper is to clarify such a gap in order to open the mutual educational horizon. The focus is a gap of understanding the separation and reunification of Korean Peninsula. The author summarizes recent surveys on mutual recognition between the two contries. Japanese indifference and ignorance of history and Koreans misperception were analized. By pointing out both Japan's and Korea's responsibility in the separation of Korean Peninsula, the present paper proposes the Japan's task and role for the reunification of North and South Korea to establish the peace of East Asia.

著者

苅谷 剛彦 安藤 理 有海 拓巳 井上 公人 高橋 渉 平木 耕平 漆山 綾香 中西 啓喜 日下田 岳史

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.51-86, 2007

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For academic high school students in local areas, it is necessary to make geographical transition from their home town to cities to go to ""good"" universities, while others may decide to remain their home countries to go to local colleges. What factors differentiate students into those two routes to have higher education? For what sake do some students decide to leave for large cities, and others to stay in their home town? This study pays attention to geographical mobility of students in top rank academic high schools in Japan. We administered a survey of 3,767 senior students in 12 high schools, all of which admit academically top students in their areas in 2006 and 2007. By analyzing the survey data, we will explore the following research questions: 1. What factors, including structural and socio-psychological, influences students'decision of mobility both at college entrance and future job entry? 2. What reasons lead them to pursue ""elite"" universities? Which goals either for self -realization or contribution to the society give rationale to apply for those universities? Are there any different mechanisms of this determination between high schools in large cities and rural areas? 3. What factors influence the formation of students'consciousness to contribute to the society? Do school experiences raise such consciousness? What school activities and cultures affect it? The data analyses shows that academic high schools in local communities have power to influence students'mobility and creating consciousness for devoting for the society.

著者

平井 秀幸

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.159-170, 2005-03-10

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Recent tendency of intervention in drug use is said to have been in some transition. This paper is a tentative trial to give an perspective which can analyze this transition. Firstly, I try to review some studies about drug use and point out their peculiarities and problems, Secondly, I re-examine labeling-interactionist perspective, giving shape to our own perspective. Finally, from sociological view, I specify our perspective deliberately.

著者

高辻 千恵

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.147-154, 2004-03-10

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The aim of this study is to investigate various effects of center-based child care experiences on the individual development. Especially the quality of care is discussed because empirical research on what and how the quality of child care affects the child development is expected to be conducted. In most studies the quality is defined as a relationship between children and caregivers. Some structural factors and socio-cultural backgrounds are also important in considering about the quality of care.

著者

西島 央 矢野 博之 中澤 篤史

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.101-130, 2008-03-10

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During the course of this research our goal has been to illustrate the factors that affect the commitment of secondary school pupils'vis-a-vis their schools and future educational goals and career trajectories. In doing so, we will propose "a plural model of school culture". In spite that actualities of club activities are very significant for pupils in their school life, its institutional position is vague in the current course of study. So it causes many issues about the coaching and management of club activities, for example the issue of overwork of teachers, and so on. In light of this we made a questionnaire survey to teachers of sports club activities in order to clarify two subjects. One is actual condition how teachers coach and manage club activities. The other is consciousness which the teacher have toward club activities. Based on the survey, this study is to examine six points: 1) commitment of teachers, 2) support system of club activities, 3) gap of the consciousness between teachers and pupils, 4) intensification of teachers, 5) opinions of teachers on what club activities to be in future, 6) further discussion about club activities. The results are as follows. 1) Teachers who strongly commit club to activities are inclined to expect much to them, don't have problems in them, and cope with them as eagerly as other activities outside class. 2) Teachers with external coach don't strongly commit to club activities and don't have experiences by themselves on the activities. Teachers with a parental organization strongly commit to club activities. 3) We found a certain gap between teachers and pupils on their ways of view about club activities. In spite that teachers can find pupils'expectations to club activities, they seem to be inclined to have more internal goals in educational points. 4) Teachers are pressed by business not because the participation to club activities restrained their time, but because they recognize problems about it, for example the vagueness whether club activities are in/out of their duty. 5) We found out some knowledge on opinions of teachers on what club activities to be in future which is below. Their opinions differ from pupils'. There is a wide variety of opinions among teachers according to the locality where schools are, the athletic event of club teachers have charge of, how many times and which day of the week teachers attend their clubs, and whether teachers are bothered by heavy burdens or institutional ambiguity of them. 6) Teachers whose main role is to manage club activities are bothered by heavy burdens or institutional ambiguity of them. And whether they recognize insufficiency of facility, equipment and administrative cost as problem differ from one activity to another.

著者

中坪 太久郎

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.203-211, 2009-03-10

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The aim of this article is to review the study on family of patients with schizophrenia. These study were composed of the following three; 1)research about hypothesis of the family etiology theory, 2)study on the expressed emotion, and 3)study uses the stress coping model. These study suggested that the family with schizoprenia could be in a complex context, and they needs special support. Based on above-mentioned, it is necessary to consider the study concereing the family's experience in addition to the finding in a prior study on supporting the family. Therefore, the understanding of the process of the family by a qualitative study is also important.

著者

橋本 鉱市

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, pp.67-80, 2014-03-28

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Many literatures on the policy process of higher education have accumulated in the 2000s in the U.S. and Japan. In this paper, I review them, especially the ones which were influenced and enriched from development in political science theoretically and methodologically since 1980s, focusing on "formulation and decision-making of policies" of higher education. Comparing recent literatures in the U.S. and Japan in the 2000s, I review the themes and methods of each literature and discuss the perspectives and challenges for the future.

著者

荻野 亮吾

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, pp.95-112, 2014-03-28

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This paper discusses the applicability of social capital theory to research on adult and community education. In the field of adult and community education, clarifying the process of subjectivity has been a central task. However, because the self is restricted by society, it is necessary to adopt a relational approach. The leading theory of this kind is social capital theory, which regards social relationships as a sort of “capital”, and clarifies the mechanisms of accumulation and diversion of this “capital”. In the 1970s, there was discussion about the relationships between community and education. One approach was to view the community as a system and try to reveal its structure, and the other approach was to focus on the construction process of the community through residents’ movements. Social capital theory has the potential to adjust this dichotomy between the subject and structure, by focusing on the process and the function of social relationships. The work of Robert D. Putnam, the leading proponent of social capital theory, has three characteristics. The first is conceptualizing the social condition of regulating or affecting governance as social capital. The second is regarding social relationships as a sort of capital, which makes it possible to measure the amount of social capital across the ages and to compare social capital across countries and regions. The third is developing the possibility of conducting intervention studies into the community in order to construct social capital. In Japan, policy makers and researchers have shown increasing interest in social capital theory, with the promotion of community governance in recent years. The theory of social capital affects the lifelong learning policies of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and the European Union, and attempts have been made to identify point of contact between the theory and research on adult and community education. Experience has shown that adult and community education can create partnerships and trust among residents in a local community, and that these relationships can add to lead to changes in the community. Social capital can add to this understanding by providing a theoretical framework and guidelines for empirical research. When trying to apply the concept of social capital to research on adult and community education, it is necessary to clarify the level of analysis, to focus on social networks, to examine nature as “capital,” and to reconsider the concept of social capital as a dynamic one. In future research on adult and community education, it is important to capture not only social relationships among individuals but also social relationships among associations and groups in the community, the process of getting engaged in community activities through belonging to such groups, and how the community is constructed through cumulative activities.

著者

橋本 鉱市

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.129-138, 2016-03-31

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In this paper, I examined the speeches delivered by successive presidents of the University of Tokyo at entrance and graduation ceremonies after the war by using quantitative text analysis which had never been used in this field. Then I tried to find out how their self-awareness to the university and the organizational identity have been changing since post-war. Followings are what I found out. While every president has a certain common trend in his self-awareness to the University of Tokyo, some parts are reflected on both the situation of the times (i.e. political background, institutional context and public opinions) and each president's individual character.

著者

前田 麦穂 加藤 靖子 坂田 真啓 橋本 鉱市

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.133-149, 2015-03-31

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The purpose of this article is to clarify the recognition to the ability formation that agency managers in training schools of six professions have ― nurses, registered dietitians, social workers, clinical psychologists, pharmacists and childcare workers. We conducted a survey to agency managers of training schools of these six professions, asking about the ability formation in their professional education. This article shows the results of quantitative analysis.

著者

関 直規

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.351-359, 1997-12-12

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Little is known about the history of municipal social education policy, because most studies on the history of social education have concluded that it specially played central role to govern the rural society through the Emperor system in modern Japan. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the rationalization of recreation resulted from the change of work and leisure composition in the 1920's through an analysis of the social education policy in the Osaka city government. The leisure time of urban dwellers had been left largely to commercialism which had exploited their life. Reforming their leisure time and recreational activities seriously as a municipal problem meant more than recuperation from their labor. It involved also opportunities for citizenship education to make urban dwellers independent and ideal citizens. First, I review the composition of work and leisure problems from a statistical research of working and leisure time. Secondly, I consider the policy of recreation in the Osaka city government under the following two points. For one thing, the recreational thought of officials specializing in urban policy. Then the fostering growth of attachment for modern Osaka contained in consuming leisure activities. In this paper I would like to show some historical facts in order to establish the history of the social education policy based on urban universality in modernization process which will recompose the most historical studies so far.

著者

橋本 鉱市 丸山 和昭

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.85-104, 2010-03-10

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In this paper, we defined the “field of education” as the political field which consists of educational problems and participants. Then we clarified its structure and relations by using the network analysis. We comprehended the peripheral problems which have been overlooked in the analysis of the process of the higher educational policy and extracted core issues and core actors, then tried to clarify the characteristics of the structure of the field of education in modern Japan. As a result, (1) We could extract the core issues and actors in the field of education and higher education. And our findings are (2) there is a large difference in its network density and structure, and (3) the field of higher education consists of some actors such as governmental, quasi-governmental actors and mediators with business field and so on.

著者

海老根 理絵

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.149-158, 2011-03-10

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The purpose of this study is to assess qualitatively the structure of the positive attitude toward life in adolescence and to develop, based on the results, a scale that measures the positive attitude toward life. In Study 1, I conducted the open-ended format survey of 54 university students on the attitude toward life and classify the obtained data with the KJ method. As a result, it was made clear by the findings of previous works that the psychological structure model obtained in Study 1 was valid as a structure model on the positive psychology characteristic in adolescence. In Study 2, based on the results of Study 1, I made a 46-item scale on the positive attitude toward life, and applied it to 252 adolescents. The factor analysis with the promax rotation indicated 5 subscales, 25 items. The alpha coefficient ranged from .76 to .91, and the retest reliability after a two-week interval ranged from .82 to .94. Its construct validity was confirmed in the relationship with the fulfillment scale (Ohno, 1984) and SWLS (Kakuno, 1994).