著者

須藤 康介

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.53-61, 2010-03-10

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The purpose of this article is to review the empirical studies of academic achievement disparity in Japan and USA, and to lead suggestions for Japan. By reviewing those studies, it is found out that although the existence of academic achievement disparity is pointed out in Japan, the process of disparity and the way to overcome it still remain unrevealed. On the other hand, there are many studies in USA because of its historical and social background, and they also include many suggestions for Japan. But it is unsure whether we can apply the knowledge in USA to Japan.

著者

高橋 翠

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.183-190, 2012-03-10

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The evolutional account in studies of human facial attractiveness has contributed to increasing number of research and many discoveries about determinants of our preferences. In this paper, current psychological studies about determinants of facial attractiveness judgment, including both universality and individual differences are reviewed. Future research should be dealt with cognitive and emotional process underlying attractiveness judgments.

著者

高橋 亜希子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.293-303, 2003-03-10

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In the revised version of the course of the study, "the student's capability to set up their own tasks" has become the central subject of discussion, This study examines the student's theme setting and discusses its educational implications for thematic learning. The purpose of this study is on how students seek their own interests at the initial stage of their thematic learning. The data was collected in a high school, using questionnaire distributed among 110 students, the observation of the teacher-student discussions, and the interviews with students.

著者

曲 暁艶

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.265-275, 2010-03-10

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With the growth of international trade, international marriages are also rapidly increasing in Japan. The present study is divided into three parts. The first part gives a statement of the development and phenomenon of the international marriages in recent years and analyzes the reasons for appearance of the phenomenon within international marriages. In the second part, the various problems related to international marriage, such as divorce, cross-cultural conflicts, and quality of couple relationships, have been discussed. Finally, we take into consideration which kinds of the assistance and support from the surroundings are necessary for the international families, and which kinds of help are available under current situation in Japan.

著者

杉山 二季 黒田 友紀 望月 一枝 浅井 幸子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.281-299, 2005-03-10

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The purpose of this paper is to examine how women elementary and junior high school principals construct their careers. We conducted an interview survey to 12 women teachers in 3 prefectures to consider their careers. We analyze their careers focusing on structural factors that determine personal experiences. Main findings are as follows. 1) Most women principals didn't depict clearly defined career plan. In promotion for principal or vice-principal, their principals played an important role as gatekeeper in the process. 2) In their promotion, some women principals changed their work place from junior high schools to elementary school because of occupation by male principals at junior high school. 3) Women principals carry out responsibility both of occupational and of family by asking their parents (in law) for care of their family and young children.

著者

森田 慎一郎

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.197-204, 2004-03-10

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Recently, it has been claimed that Japanese style management needs to be reconstructed. In this article, in order to examine what part of Japanese style management ought to be reconstructed, the writer reviews researches on Japanese business employees'job satisfaction and attempts to reveal the structure of their working mind. Findings indicate that Japanese business employees'working mind consists of not only job satisfaction but also satisfaction in company. It is also indicated that Japanese business employees'voluntary individual turnover is more influenced by satisfaction in company than job satisfaction. The writer further proposes that future Japanese style management should attach greater importance to enhancing business employees'job satisfaction.

著者

田中 麻紗子 市川 伸一

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.203-215, 2012-03-10

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How should we (researchers) conduct and present a good review study? Although graduate students receive some guidance on how to write a research paper, they are rarely provided instruction about how to perform a review study. Due to their limited knowledge and experience, many students tend to think that a good review simply comprises reference to many previous research studies. In this paper, we point out that a good review study needs to be original, comprehensive, and easy to understand. Moreover, we offer directions for conducting a good review study, and provide key points drawn from interview data with young psychology researchers who have published review studies in peer-reviewed journals.

著者

藤田 慶子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.301-309, 2004

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Children interact with classmates and teachers in schools as not only part of the educational system, but also in places where each school and each class create their own activities and contexts. It is important for studies of school education to analyze children's interactions in schools. However there is no theoretical frame which connects children's pluralistic world with their institutional and organizational conditions. I will attempt to examine Goffman's productions as the theoretical frame for studies of schools. Some studies applying his perspective to schools have overlooked the actual basic essence-dramaturgical approach that Goffman consistently applied. This study shows that his concepts ""role as collective representation"" and ""role distance"" are keys to understanding children.

著者

大瀧 玲子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.235-243, 2011

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The purpose of this paper is to review the study on siblings of disabilities, and investigate siblings'experience and the trend in supports for them. As a result, two important factors are considered, 1) the role as siblings of people with disabilities were changed with the times, from role as caretaker about people with disabilities into role as siblings who have their own concern and to be supported. 2) siblings have unusual concerns and opportunities, however, siblings must care for their problems privately in Japan. To support them, it is required to participate professionals in support program, and to suit the individual problems of siblings.

著者

村松 灯 田中 智輝 岩坂 尚史

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.223-232, 2016

著者

足立 英彦

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.303-312, 2015-03-31

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The need for intervention to prevent psychological maladaptation among university students is increasing. To provide support for as many students as possible, it is desirable that the intervention can be offered in the lecture. Besides the existing programs targeted at automatic thoughts, another form of intervention should be sought to facilitate the change in negative schemata, which are thought to generate automatic thoughts. This paper focuses on Role Lettering (letter writing technique) as a candidate for such intervention and reviews the outcome research on it to discuss its possibilities and problems in application to the psychoeducational lecture in universities.

著者

入谷 亜希子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.1-9, 2006-03-10

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This paper tries to demonstrate how and why the working class got high literacy before the formation of public educational system, and also to clarify the significant meaning of execution as educational place. For example, chapbooks or reading matters which educated people and raised their literacy came not from school but from the place of execution that played a role of amusement. This explains how reading matters had helped the working class to get reading ability before 1870 (Elementary Education Act).

著者

林 未央

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.105-114, 2006-03-10

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In the age of recurrent learning, many adult learners may demand a set of knowledge and skill that does not have to satisfy the requirements for such grand academic degrees as Bachelor's or Masters. Instead, such a set can be organized as a module (non- or sub-degree program) that would lead to a kind of certificate. While the Japanese society is now envisaging the rise of such needs, the United States has a long history in such development. From that perspective, this paper examines how those programs developed the United States. The findings are as follows : (1)non-degree programs in the traditional vocational training expanded in the 1970s, but the enrollment remained stable in the 1980s ; (2) a group of non-traditional programs, catering to new professional and academic fields, started expanding in the 1980s, and. (3) this new group has been expanding till now by adding new fields. The findings indicate that the latent demands for non-degree programs will likely to increase in Japan, and in order to respond to those demands, Japan will need institutional changes including a system of certificates corresponding to such programs.

著者

石田 香

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.315-323, 2004-03-10

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One of the significant features of the public lending right system in the United Kingdom is that it recognizes the public lending right as an individual author's right to receive remuneration for the free lending of their works by public libraries. This feature was formed through the authors'public lending right campaign, where they fought not for the government patronage but for legal rights of authors. In particular, coinage of the word "public lending right" as an analog of existing rights and the campaign policy settled by the Society of Authors contributed to determine the course of the campaign.

著者

加藤 靖子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, pp.73-80, 2015-03-31

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This paper describes the recent trend of women's colleges in the United States and reviews literatures on them. Studies are classified according to the type of topic. At conclusion of this review, suggested topics for future research are discussed.

著者

豊田 香

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.275-285, 2013-03-10

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This paper focuses on the nature of knowledge learned at business schools. Combining the practical knowledge in business with the academic knowledge in universities can result in knowledge that enriches both worlds, but in order to do so it is essential to understand the whole picture of the nature of knowledge according to its levels of abstraction. This paper shows five levels; (1) pure science, (2) applied science, (3) clinical science, which are developed by scientists or scholars, (4) scientific explicit knowledge, and (5) practical explicit or implicit knowledge, which are developed by people in practice. The differences among them are not only who develops the knowledge, but also who judges its relevance and effectiveness.

著者

須藤 康介

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.193-201, 2013-03-10

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The purpose of this article is to clarify the merit and demerit of junior high school entrance examination by comparing the conscious and behavior of SJHSE (students who enter school through junior high school entrance examination) and SHSE (students who enter school through high school entrance examination). By the analysis of survey data for 11th grade students who belong to Tokyo private combined junior high and high school, three findings were acquired. Firstly, in the upper and middle rank schools, SJHSE is a little dull in academic achievement. Secondly, the statement that SJHSE is easily adapted for school life is supported in the upper and middle rank schools. Thirdly, the tendency for SJHSE not to feel social inequality is seen very slightly.

著者

秋田 喜代美 佐川 早季子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.217-234, 2012-03-10

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The importance of the quality of early childhood education and care (ECEC) has been noted in different academic domains and the improvement of ECEC quality is a matter of the highest priority internationally. This paper reviews the empirical studies which examined longitudinally the impact of ECEC quality on child development. First, the focus is on the evaluation method. What indicators and scale are used to measure the quality of the structure and process? What are the advantages and limitations of each scale? Then, the findings of the longitudinal studies are reported. This paper addresses significant issues in determining and measuring quality for further discussion on quality research and also on a comprehensive ECEC policy.

著者

小川 和孝

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.127-135, 2013-03-10

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This paper aims to describe new directions of sociology for the studies of the labor market in Japan. For related studies, I review the following three research areas – (1) long-term employment custom and seniority-based wage system, (2) social security system, (3) transition from school to work. The problems are that theories on which the past researches relied don't adequately explain observed characteristics in the Japanese labor market, and they view individuals as either “oversocialized” or “undersocialized.” Then, I seek several directions to overcome them. The emphasis is placed on to focus on multiple outcomes of labor markets, matching processes between workers and employers, and institutional mechaniams and their changes.

著者

三戸 親子 菊地 まり 川原 誠司

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.387-411, 2006-03-10

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This is a case study of students'growth processes in a senior high school with a credit system and no grade system. The credit-system high school has been founded to take in high school dropouts and truants. In this study, the interviews were used to assess how students'daily school experiences influence the processes and the mechanisms of students'growth. The findings revealed that the flexible system encourages a huge variety of students to grow up in various manners. Not only those who exercise their autonomy but also those who lack self-direction can make good use of the system and grow up in the high school. As a result, many dropouts and truants are able to return to school.