著者

福田 珠己

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.5, pp.403-422, 2008 (Released:2018-01-06)

参考文献数

120

被引用文献数

5 7

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In the last decade, geographers, especially cultural geographers, have conducted a considerable number of studies on home and domestic space. The topic of home, which was considered to be familiar and banal and had been neglected in the discipline of geography, has now been given renewed focus from various perspectives. This paper aims to review the current studies of geographies of home by considering some theories in cultural geography. Subsequently, it aims to explore the possible ways of developing critical studies of geographies of home in Japanese contemporary society.The trend toward geographies of home is examined from the following three viewpoints: The first is in moving beyond the separation of public and private spheres. Although humanistic geographers emphasized emotions and subjective meanings in their anthropocentric thought, feminist geographers have made great contributions towards conquering dualistic thinking. They have considered the idea of home as political, ambiguous, fluid, and multiscale. The second viewpoint is the oscillating consideration between mobility and stability, which stems from postcolonial studies. This involves focusing on the politics of belonging and alienation, that is, roots and routes, spatial politics and gendered geographies, and collective memory and its materialization. The third viewpoint is non-representational theory in the discipline. This theory includes a variety of ideas―materiality, performativity, post-human, affect, hybridity, etc. It can be said that parts of current research are going beyond the interpretation of representation and focusing on the ‘here and now.’ From the viewpoint of geographies of home, materiality and perfomativity are rather important for both theoretical development and social practice.How are the recent studies on geographies of home influencing Japanese academia ? It is very important to directly face the current conditions of Japanese homes. These conditions in Japanese society can be considered as a ‘cult of domesticity.’ Home plays a critical role both in policymaking and in space consumption. The fixed idea of home is definitely not adequate in deepening our consideration of home and geography. At present, it is important for us to develop critical thinking of home at the points of intersection between the material and immaterial, public and private, and mobility and stability.

著者

阪野 祐介

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.357-376, 2006 (Released:2018-01-06)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this paper is to consider the acceptance of religion at a village level. One condition under which a religion penetrates a population is during intellectual, spiritual and social instability. There are several confirmed periods during which Catholicism expanded in Japan. 1) The late Muromachi period when Francisco Xavier came to Japan until the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate. 2) From the end of the Tokugawa shogunate until the Meiji modernization. 3) The period of GHQ rule in Japan after World War II. The case to be treated in this paper is the group conversion to Catholicism which happened at Saga village, Kyoto, in 1949 just after World War II.This year holds an important meaning for Catholicism in Japan. The event that commemorated the 400th year since St. Francisco Xavier arrived in Japan and began missionary activity was held for about 2 weeks from May 29, 1949. For this event, “the Holy arm” of St. Francisco Xavier was brought to Japan. The arm was unveiled at a solemn mass in Nagasaki, Nishinomiya and Tokyo. The solemn mass was publicized in newspapers on a large scale. There was a member of the Imperial Family who attended the mass in Nishinomiya. In this way, Christianity was given not only a good position in the religious world of Japan but also a good position in the environment of society and politics by the support of GHQ.Group conversion began in Saga on April 17, 1949, when ten villagers were baptized. The number of people baptized reached 816 in 1949 or 28.7% of the village population. However, conversion rates differ among districts within the village. The reason for such a difference is because Saga village was formed in 1889 through the merger of several communities with differing customs, traditions and relationships. We can see that the unifying effect of communal bonds has a strong effect on the people’s attitude towards religion.The second part of the analysis concerns the relation between blood relationship and conversion pattern. In terms of conversion or non-conversion of a householder, 150 householders were converted from 193 households. One of the characteristics of a household maintaining the Catholic faith to date is the conversion of the householder.After the group conversion, there was only minimal friction between the Catholic religion and Buddhist temples related to ancestor’s cult. Rather, there was greater friction over a festival of a Shinto shrine which occurred among the village people (non-Catholics / Catholics). The reason is because a festival of a Shinto shrine is based on the solidarity or unity of a community, compared with an event of Buddhism such as a funeral which is related to ancestor cult which is a problem of a house unit.As mentioned above, we can see that religion has the power to strengthen group ties. At the same time, religion can also emphasize the differences among groups. Religion can also be used to create new social relationships.

著者

川久保 篤志

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.209-230, 2014 (Released:2018-01-27)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1 1

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In the recent course of economic globalization, the TPP negotiations have almost concluded. Japan is facing tax issues with its major agricultural produce. If tariffs are abolished, import quantities are expected to increase substantially, especially of rice, wheat, meat, dairy products, and sugar. There are growing concerns over the unsustainability of producing areas and impoverishment of rural communities.Taking into account this situation, this paper focuses on beef, analyzing the current existing structure of beef cattle producing areas, and projecting measures for such areas going forwards. Two dairy-beef cattle producing areas in Hokkaido (Shihoro town and Ashoro town) were employed as case studies, and the following was found:First, in Shihoro Town, in the 1970s the local Agricultural Cooperatives set up 18 beef cattle centers with over 1000 head of cattle each, which contributed to the growth of cattle farming. Characteristics of the beef cattle centers include: 1. They receive large loans from the local Agricultural Cooperatives, so that they can build a robust basis for management; 2. There is a high dependency on employed labor; 3. Since the cropped segment is small, animal feed is almost completely procured from outside; and 4. In the farming operation, the focus is placed on the efficiency of raising cattle rather than improving the quality of beef. In other words, cattle farming in Shihoro Town survived amid international competition through large-scale low-cost management.Meanwhile, in Ashoro Town production did not sufficiently expand, and since the liberalization of beef imports (1991), producing areas started to decline as the profitability was down remarkably. However, from 2000 on, after the signing of a breeding-and-sales contract with Chikuren Agricultural Cooperatives, which is committed to producing safe and trustworthy beef, management became stabilized as the decline was arrested. The contract does not allow farmers to have ownership of cattle, nor allow discretion over feed selection or the number of growing days; however, a sufficient amount of feeding and management commissions is paid after shipping. Therefore farming business significantly improved and farmers’ evaluation of this beef production system is very high.However, both areas have a large number of fiscal years showing losses, and most farmers cannot continue to run their businesses without a government system making up for losses by using funds from tariffs on imported beef. Depressed prices for dairy-beef since import liberalization have prevented farmers from maintaining their independent beef cattle businesses, and created a structure where such farmers cannot avoid being dependent on the Japan Agricultural Cooperatives and other governmental funds.Therefore, reduced tariffs will have a serious influence on dairy beef cattle production areas in Japan, so the areas must prepare for that situation. It is important to improve information disclosure on aspects such as the advantages of Japanese domestic produce which imported products do not have, such as taste and safety, as well as traceability. It is also important to communicate such information to consumers through direct sales at retailers. However, differentiation through such means is not perfect, and it is necessary to continue making efforts to reduce costs to close the gap in price between imported beef and domestic products.

著者

島本 多敬

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.7-28, 2019

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<p>本稿は,19世紀中期以前,近世の本屋仲間(書肆の同業組合)の活動期に出版された災害図を取り上げ,災害図の出版・改訂に影響を与えていた書肆の版権と出版活動について検討したものである。享和2年(1802)7月の淀川水害の後に大坂で出版された「摂河水損村々改正図」系統の水害図は,諸本を書誌学的に検討した結果,3つの版が存在していたことが判明した。大坂本屋仲間記録の記述によれば,この3つの版は,本屋仲間非構成員によって非公式に2つの版が出版された後,本屋仲間に所属する書肆が板木を買収し,4軒の書肆の連名で改めて公式に出版されることによって成立した。同図の板元は大坂町奉行所の御用絵師の名前を図中に示して,情報の信頼性を謳っていたとみられる。また,4書肆のうちの1軒は,本屋仲間に所属していない板元による水害図の出版を,自店の出版大坂図・河川図に対する版権侵害を理由に差し止めていた。同図の検討結果から,19世紀初頭当時の本屋仲間所属書肆は,自店の地図・地理書と関連付けた商業的な論理のもと,本屋仲間に所属しない板元による災害情報の出版をコントロールし,より詳細で「正確」な災害情報の出版を志向していたと評価される。</p>

著者

成瀬 厚

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.231-250, 2014 (Released:2018-01-27)

参考文献数

185

被引用文献数

2 1

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The concept of place in geography has been varied. The aim of this paper is to find a direction for the conceptualization of place without the premise of modern spatial concepts by investigating concepts related to place in ancient Greek philosophy. First, I examine Plato’s concept of ‘chora’ in Timaeus and Aristotle’s concept of ‘topos’ in Physics. Second, I try to place these concepts within the history of geography by tracing the genealogy of chorography and topography from ancient times. Finally, I consider the arguments made by contemporary philosophers about these concepts.Plato’s ‘chora’ has been explained as a third category between being and becoming, namely the alternative. Aristotle’s ‘topos’ can be understood as being a substitute for the dualism of form and matter, or that which wraps and that which is wrapped. These concepts resemble the concept of place in humanistic geography, which depended on phenomenology to overcome the dualism of subject and object. Although humanistic geography has emphasized the meanings and senses of place, conventional geography has incorporated in its concepts the materiality and substantiality of place. Consequently, geographers have argued about the ambivalence surrounding the concept of place. In contrast, this paper adopts a way of thinking that grasps matter and the spatial as being inseparable, from the contemporary interpretation of the concepts ‘chora’ and ‘topos.’ Place itself has no nature, but rather a power to bring something from an absent state into a present state. Derrida’s examination of ‘chora’ has suggested that such a concept of place has so far not been fully grasped, but been understood as being irreducible to a definite thing. In a case study of a certain city, for instance, this concept may help to realize the intangible component of that city.We can gain a deeply sexual understanding of place by referring to the sexual expressions used by Plato in his metaphor of chora and by exploring Irigaray’s discussion about topos. However, it would be phallocentric to pursue this topic without also considering what feminist critics have said about gender and sexuality in relation to the creativity of place. Irigaray regarded the wrapped and that which wraps as the (parts of) bodies of man and woman, and argued that the interval between them is the threshold of sexual difference. The Aristotelian definition of topos has led commentators’ attention to the relationship between the inside and outside. It can be said that Aristotle’s definition is similar to Massey’s theory of place.The history of chorography and topography are the key to understanding what different lines of thought have been formed out of the concepts of chora and topos. Although chorography and chorology have been neglected as idiographic studies prior to the quantitative revolution in geography, we might still learn many things from these histories.The concept of place has been increasingly taking on significant meaning in modern times. There is still much room to examine aspects of this concept that have yet to be explored. Although we cannot do without the concept of place, we must also refrain from burdening it with superfluous value.

著者

千田 稔

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.47-62, 1980-02-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

7 6

著者

千田 稔

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.7-12, 2018 (Released:2018-04-02)

著者

川田 力

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.187-202, 1994-04-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

178

被引用文献数

2 1

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At present, the theoretical framework and viewpoint of social geographical analyses of education are at the stage of formation, trial and error. It is important at this stage to examine the themes and results of geography and its related disciplines on education. The purpose of this paper is to identify distinctive themes of social geographical analyses of education and to examine their analytical methods, with due consideration for educational sociology, one of the nearest disciplines to social geographical analyses of education.In the field of educational sociology in Japan since the 1980's, great interest has been aroused in the structural principles of education and society as social problems. Also it has been seen as important to question the stratified society of Japan in connection with unequal chances to receive an education. So the problem of to what extent education contributes to the reproduction of an unequaly stratified social system has been dealt from the viewpoint of cultural reproduction theory. In this way, educational sociology examined facets like educational careers, stratified culture, life course and gender. It adopts four approaches: historical, quantitative, system -theoretical and hermeneutic. These approaches have been or can be developed also in geography.In contrast to educational sociology, geographical analyses of education have shown two research directions. One examines regional disparities in education and their effects on the inhabitants of that region. The other considers locational problems of educational institutions from an administrative viewpoint. In these two streams, the former is more inclined to social geographical analysis than the latter. In this case social geography encounters the problem that spatial differences in both standards of education and ability are formed by individuals or society, which is an assembly of individuals, neither by the region itself nor space. But society is inseparable from region and space. So spatially reproductive processes of regional disparities are at work with Bourdieu's cultural reproductive processes. And this furnishes an important, noticeable theme in social geographical analyses of education.To examine those processes, we are able to use approaches which have been adopted by educational sociology. Results from time-geography, which parallels the viewpoint of life course in educational sociology, and core-periphery theory will provide important suggestions for emphasizing spatial aspects.

著者

稲垣 稜

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.151-166, 2019 (Released:2019-07-13)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

2

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横断データにもとづいて大都市圏郊外の買い物行動を明らかにした研究は数多く存在するが,縦断データに焦点を当てた研究は少ない。本研究では,大阪大都市圏の郊外に居住する人々の買い物行動に関する長期的な縦断データを収集する。対象地域は大阪大都市圏の東部郊外に位置する奈良市の平城ニュータウンであり,アンケート調査にもとづいて分析を行った。バブル経済期までは,大阪大都市圏の上位中心地である難波・心斎橋,下位中心地である大和西大寺駅周辺で高級服を購入するスタイルが維持されていたが,バブル経済崩壊以降難波・心斎橋の利用割合が大幅に低下した。最寄品である普段着の購入においても,1980年時点では百貨店の利用が一定程度あった。しかし1980年代以降,平城ニュータウンに総合スーパーが立地したことにより,普段着を平城ニュータウン内で購入する割合が上昇した。本研究では,大都市圏における買い物環境の変化に伴い郊外居住者の買い物行動が絶えず変化してきたこと,さらには現住地への入居時期により買い物行動の変化の仕方が異なることを明らかにした。

著者

山口 晋

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.4, pp.279-300, 2008 (Released:2018-01-06)

参考文献数

87

被引用文献数

2 2

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In this study, I clarify the conflict between the practices of artists who are active on the urban streets and the control by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government in the Heaven Artist Program. Specifically, I attempt to show a part of the control in the urban space by empirically describing the awareness and reactions of artists with regard to this control by the government. I will address the “Heaven Artist Program,” which is the street artist license system and part of the cultural policy of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, to explain the relationship between the practices of artists and the control by the government in the Heaven Artist Program. The method of the study involves analyzing narratives from interviews of Heaven Artists and the staff of the Heaven Artist office in the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. In the following text, I present the findings that emerged in this study.First, with regard to the control of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, recruitment and auditions of Heaven Artists are held every year. I understand the need for artists obtaining a license, because they are constantly applying for them. However, Heaven Artists who have obtained a license are subject to various rules. The places at which a large number of Heaven Artists are active are the Tokyo Metropolitan Museum and Ueno Park. However, for 60% of all the activity facilities and sites, the usage rate is less than 10%. The field manager exercises strict control, based on rules, over the activities of the Heaven Artists.Moreover, the practices of Heaven Artists in the light of such control results in the artists interpreting the rules broadly and escaping the control of the government while pretending to obey it. This behavior of Heaven Artists depends on their dissatisfaction with regard to the strict rules and control of the Heaven Artist office. However, although Heaven Artists have voiced such dissatisfaction, they have not jointly demanded program improvements from the Heaven Artist office. This is because Heaven Artists utilize not only this program but also other activity opportunities. Thus, Heaven Artists not only choose this program but also use other activity opportunities to a large extent. In the case of this choice, income becomes an important factor. As artists, income from creating art is their bread and butter and a direct evaluation of their talents. Furthermore, they revalidate themselves as artists by the amount that they earn. Heaven Artists take advantage of other activity opportunities in addition to this program. Further, they frequent spaces controlled by the Heaven Artist office while evading the regulation of this program.

著者

中澤 高志

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.3, pp.259-277, 2012 (Released:2018-01-24)

参考文献数

43

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In September 2008, Lehman Brothers Holdings, a major American financial services firm, filed for bankruptcy, which consequently resulted in the global economic downturn. Many Japanese multinational companies, especially export-oriented manufacturers, downsized their factory floor employment mainly by reducing the number of subcontracted workers. In this paper, the author analyzed factors related to the workers who were placed in manufacturing factories by temporary staffing agencies or subcontractors, and who lost their jobs because of the economic downturn. The author analyzes the casework records of the consultation desk, which was established by a local municipality located in Kyushu, Japan, of those who had lost their jobs. Over a thousand workers lost their jobs as the economy of this locality was supported by a few export-oriented plants.Most visitors to the consultation desk had worked at specific plants but were not directly employed by the owners of their workplaces. Their move to the locality was mediated by a temporary staffing agency or subcontractors. When the financial crisis broke out and the restructuring of employment began, many workers who had lost jobs went back to their hometowns to seek family support. However, most visitors to the consultation desk did not have reliable families. Moreover, some of them had been remitting parts of their wages to their parents. This heavily strained their budget. Some households, such as those consisting of only couples where both partners were subcontracted workers, or households containing sick persons, etc., suffered even more severe circumstances.Typically, the residences for subcontracted workers are company-supplied dormitories. They are furnished, and workers who lived there did not need to provide either guarantors or deposits. However, the rents for the dormitories, plus a surcharge for the furniture, were relatively high, although the subcontracted workers did not receive large wages. Thus the visitors to the consultation desk rarely had any savings.With the reduction in the number working days and hours, the workers’ incomes were reduced to such an extent that they could no longer sustain their lives. Unemployed and isolated from their families, they exhausted their meager financial resources and soon had to evacuate the dormitories. Some workers arrived at the consultation desk in a condition of homelessness and hunger.The factors that contributed the difficult conditions of the workers are: (1) lack of contact with families, a source of support; (2) lack of financial resources; (3) lack of direct employment contracts; (4) lack of housing facilities independent of employment; and (5) migrant status. They were the first ones to lose their jobs because they were not employed directly. They lost their housing because it was bound to the employment contract. They could not withstand the hardship because they did not have financial or family resources. Moreover, they were migrants in the locality.

著者

竹内 祥一朗

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.1-20, 2020

被引用文献数

1

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<p>本稿は,近世の官撰地誌史上の重要史料である『筑前国続風土記』の編纂過程を検討し,さらにこれと福岡藩政や作者である藩儒・貝原益軒の知的実践との関係を論じ,その成果を近世官撰地誌史に位置づけるものである。まず,『筑前国続風土記』の編纂過程について,日記や藩政史料などを用いて検討した。その結果,『筑前国続風土記』の地理情報は藩の支配機構を回路として収集される一方,益軒独自の書物収集によって蓄積されていたことが明らかになった。また,『筑前国続風土記』編纂を成り立たしめた藩儒益軒の知的実践,とりわけ地理的知識の形成は,参勤交代などの移動と藩の職務の遂行を背景としながら,移動先の各地の特性に応じて展開されていた。特に京都では幕藩体制の枠組みを離れた,儒者や公家からなる独自のネットワークを利用して情報の蓄積が図られていた。最終的に,『筑前国続風土記』は型式や政策との関係の点で,官撰地誌史上の17世紀と18世紀の間に適切に位置づけられることを確認し,さらに益軒の考えや配慮に由来する『筑前国続風土記』の個性は19世紀以降の地誌編纂に継承されていくことを指摘した。</p>

著者

藤塚 吉浩

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.5, pp.496-514, 1994-10-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

136

被引用文献数

3 3

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This paper seeks to review the gentrification studies in the Western countries, and obtain implications for Japanese cities.The article begins with a review of the literature concerned with social effects of gentrification. In the capitalist countries, at the outset, many people expect that gentrification is caused by private ecnomy. However the effects of gentrification are not so expected for the several reasons. One reason is that most of inmovers to the gentrified neighborhoods are not part of a ‘back to the city movement’, but ‘staying in the city’. The other is that gentrifiers revitalizing abandoned areas are limited in number. On the contrary, it causes the displacement of the socioeconomically weak. Most of them are low income, elderly and minority. They feel the sting of the displacement caused by urban revitalization. Furthermore it results in producing a lot of homeless people.The third chapter treats with five theoretical issues, which are institutions, stage models, rent-gap theory, the new middle class, and marginal gentrifiers. According to the institutionalist approach, central and local government, estate agents, and building societies, are the inducers of gentrification. The stage model explains the gentrification process positively by inmovers' attitude to accept risks in the deteriorated areas. Rent-gap theory explains gentrification structurally by the movement of capital, back to the inner city. The new middle class is on the rise due to industrial restructuring.They prefer to live near the city center, so they cause gentrification. They prefer not only historical architecture, but also modern amenities. Inmovers to the gentrified neighborhoods, are not only the new middle class. There is also the formation of reproducing marginal gentrifiers. Marginal gentrifiers come to live in the inner city because of alternative life-styles. Many researchers agree that no approach cannot explain the phenomenon alone, and some of them seek to integrate several approaches.In section four I argue the applicability of researches on social effects and theoretical approaches in Western countries for Japanese cases. First I show two bases for the occurrence of gentrification in Japanese cities. One is the recent trend of upgrading living spaces. Most Japanese houses are built of wood, so they become obsolete without maintenance. It is easy to scrap obsolete houses and renovate new ones. Recently there are many cases of rehabilitating modern Western-style buildings and reforming the living layout of condominiums. The other is the restructuring of the inner city. In the 1970s most central cities lost affluent people. Many heavy industries scattered from metropolitan regions to nonmetropolitan areas. Although the inner city area in the central cities lost population, it also provides opportunities to increase population again. Actually recurrence of population appeared in some of those large cities during the late 1980s. I argue that three primary factors may cause gentrification in Japanese cities. The first one is industrial restructuring. Industrial restructuring produces new professionals. They may be potential gentrifiers. The second one is suburbanization. Expanding urban regions make a long commute to the office in the central city. So many people prefer to live not so far from the office. The third one is the supply of condominiums. Many people invested in them during the late 1980s, because of lower interest rates. Most of them located in the inner city and induce inmovers.Second, I discuss future directions for research on gentrification in Japanese cities. There may be three main issues. The first one is resettlement in the inner city. Municipal officials of most large central cities are working to prevent the population from decreasing.

著者

阿部 和俊

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.5, pp.432-446, 2007 (Released:2018-01-06)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 2

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The purpose of this report is to consider the identity of the discipline of human geography, focusing on urban geography. In order to do this, the author first examined the urban geography articles-research essays, short reports, research notes, views, and editorials-published in Geographical Review of Japan, Japanese Journal of Human Geography, Tōhoku Geography Quarterly, Annals of the Japan Association of Economic Geography, and Geographical Sciences from 1945 to 2005, considering them from the three viewpoints of: 1) whether they analyzed cities as points (point analysis) or areas (area analysis); 2) whether they analyzed cities or phenomena in cities; and 3) the changes apparent in the descriptive style of analytical results.As a result, it was clear that the number of urban geography studies had increased between 1945 and 2005. Moreover, the following points became evident: 1) a decrease in point analysis studies; 2) an increase in area analysis research; 3) an increase in studies of urban functions; 4) a decline in studies using quantitative methods; 5) an increase in studies that looked at people or social groups; 6) an increase in studies hard to classify by existing categories; and 7) an increase of studies ‘in’ rather than ‘of’ cities.As for changes in the descriptive style of analytical results, studies recording the actual voices of those surveyed increased. This is a descriptive style seen in folklore and sociology.Next, the mutual interaction between human geography and other humanistic and social science fields was considered from three perspectives: 1) the research citations listed in human geography articles published in Geographical Review of Japan, Japanese Journal of Human Geography, and Annals of the Japan Association of Economic Geography from 1971–1975 (earlier period) and 2001–2005 (later period); 2) the research citations listed in articles in Japanese Sociological Review during 2003–2006; and 3) research citations listed in single-author books.The results: 1) In the geography articles, the number of citations in each article had increased. 2) But the proportion of citations from within the discipline of geography itself declined. 3) In the earlier period, many of the citations were from the fields of history or economics, but in the later period the citations from sociology increased. 4) In the later period, there was an increase in citations from many ‘other fields’.In the articles published in Japanese Sociological Review, it was evident that: 1) citations from within the field of sociology were proportionally higher when compared to those from geography in geographic articles; and 2) there were extremely few citations in sociology articles from the field of geography. This trend was about the same in single-author books.How should we think about these facts? Does the fact that citations from geography are so few in sociology (and not only in sociology!) mean that geography’s research findings are not valued? But surely it must indicate that they are ignorant of and indifferent to geography’s findings.On the other hand, how should geographers themselves think about the fact that the level of citations from their own discipline has declined? If one reacts negatively, it means they do not value their own field, but if one reacts positively it means that geographers have an abundance of curiosity and spare no pains in hunting down the findings of other disciplines.Along with the changes in the descriptive style of analytical findings, as people who have chosen the field of geography, surely we need to seriously reconsider our own standpoint and the identity of human geography. We should be deeply concerned that if we are lax in this effort, it may mean the withering and even extinction of human geography.

著者

中島 芽理

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.155-177, 2022 (Released:2022-07-19)

参考文献数

90

被引用文献数

2

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本稿では1960~70年代の大阪府の釜ヶ崎を事例として,東京都の山谷の事例も交えながら,アルコール依存症の様々な回復システムが生産される過程を「癒しの景観」という概念を用いて明らかにする。日本では近代以降,男性中心の飲酒慣行が形成されてきた。そのため,アルコール依存症も男性特有の疾病とみなされてきた。医療機関と日本の家父長制的な飲酒慣行に即して発足した自助グループである断酒会によって,まず治療の対象とされたのは,家族のある依存症者であった。単身アルコール依存症者は,既存のシステムに包摂されることによって,かえって排除の対象となった。それは,単身男性労働者に特化した地域として構築された寄せ場において,「問題」として前景化した。山谷では,断酒会や医療機関の無力が新たな主体を生じさせ,AA(Alcoholics Anonymous)という組織が展開した。釜ヶ崎では医師が軸となって断酒会や行政,民間福祉団体に対して働きかけが行われ,単身アルコール依存症者の回復が目指された。これにより,断酒会の方法を唯一のものとする「大阪方式」が確立された。このように,アルコール依存症の「癒しの景観」は偶有的な過程においてつくられるものであり,それぞれの地域における主体の布置によって異なるものとなった。

著者

藤本 利治

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.133-138, 1961-04-30 (Released:2009-04-28)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

小泉 佑介 祖田 亮次

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.3, pp.245-260, 2021 (Released:2021-10-31)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

3

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本稿では,1980年代以降の英語圏における地理学者を中心に発展してきたポリティカル・エコロジー論(PE 論)が,いかにして独自の枠組みを発展させてきたのかについて検討する。特に本稿では,2000年代以降の PE 論における新たな展開として,スケールの議論に注目した研究に考察の焦点を絞る。PE 論の系譜をたどると,1980年代は文化生態学や生態人類学,新マルサス主義の分析視角に対する批判的検討を出発点として,生態学と政治経済学の統合的アプローチを提示した。1990年代には PE 論独自の枠組みを模索する中で,ポスト構造主義的な視点に基づく社会理論との接合を目指す研究が増加し,取り扱うテーマも環境・開発に関わる言説やジェンダー研究へと広がりをみせた。2000年代以降は再び生態学的な視点への関心が高まっており,こうした流れと連動するかたちでスケールの議論に関する研究が注目を集めている。特に PE 論のスケールに関する議論は,土壌や植生といった自然環境条件に基づく「生態的スケール」と,社会的・政治的なプロセスを通じて構築されるスケールとの相互作用に着目していることを特徴としている。今後の展望としては,地理学と生態学のスケールに関する議論を相互に参照しつつ,資源管理や環境ガバナンスのスケールに注目した実証研究を積み上げることで,PE 論独自のスケール論を発展させていくことが期待される。

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.284-312, 2018 (Released:2018-07-02)

著者

花木 宏直

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.133-154, 2022 (Released:2022-07-19)

参考文献数

40

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本研究は近代沖縄における,土地整理事業以降の海外移民の送出の実態を再検討した。研究対象地域として,近代沖縄でも多数のブラジル移民を送出した羽地村仲尾次地区を選定し,聞き取りや「在伯日本移民歴史調査表」など移民個々人の動向が判明する資料を組み合わせ分析した。その結果,仲尾次地区では1903年の土地整理事業以降に出移民が増加し,近代を通じて多数の後継者や本家が海外を含む各地に移住していたことが確認された。そして,後継者は移住後に蓄財して帰郷し,出身地区の家産を相続する様子がみられた一方で,後継者の中には移住先にとどまり,子どもを教育目的で帰郷や残留させ,将来の移住先での世代交代に備える事例がみいだされた。さらに,本家が移住した場合についても,出身地区の血縁関係者が家産を継承するだけでなく,移住先に位牌を移動し,出身地区より遠隔的に行事を行う事例がみとめられた。本研究を通じて,近代沖縄では移民送出に伴い,出身地区の血縁関係を越境的に拡大させた様子が明らかになった。

著者

平井 松午

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.5, pp.387-407, 1986-10-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

79

被引用文献数

4

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the immigration process of agricultural emigrants to Hokkaido from Tokushima prefecture early in the Meiji era.The form of immigration to Hokkaido at this period was mainly collective migration and the author has confirmed six groups; Niki-group (117 households) immigrated into Yoichi county in 1879, the second immigrant group (61 households) into the same settlement in 1881, Kaishinsha-group (9 households) into Sapporo county in 1881, Kosansha-group (32 households) into Sapporo county, Takekichi-group (23 households) into Setana county in 1882, and Setana-group (21 households) into Setana county in 1884.Except for the Kaishinsha- and Kosansha-groups, the other groups were led or induced by Takekichi Niki, who played the part of leader when the early migrant groups emigrated to Hokkaido from Tokushima prefecture. His purpose was to cultivate Japanese indigo plants and manufacture indigo in Hokkaido. Accordingly, the area where Takekichi Niki recruited the first immigrants was the Kitagata-Shimogoori region, which was a central cultivation region for Japanese indigo plants on the lower Yoshino River. He intended to produce indigo in Hokkaido, because it was easy to obtain land on the rich plains and cheap fish manure which were indispensable for cultivation of the indigo plant. As they were petty peasants and were distressed by the rising price of fish manure, many farmers in the Kitagata-Shimogoori region responded to Takekichi's recruiting.However, Takekichi, who at first intended to increase the indigo production, became more and more eager to recruit poor peasants as immigrants. Therefore, he also recruited immigrants in the Minamigata region, were the indigo plant had not been cultivated. This implies that the source region of immigrants to Hokkaido spread from the Kitagataregion to the Minamigata region. As the indigo production in Tokushima prefecture declined after the middle of the Meiji era, part of the surplus labor moved to Hokkaido and Tokushima prefecture became the biggest supplier of immigrants in western Japan. Some of these later immigrants settled at the settlement of the early immigrants or at their peripheries. This is because the settlement of the early immigrants played the role of axis for the later immigrants.