著者

信岡 沙希重 樋口 貴俊 中田 大貴 小川 哲也 加藤 孝基 中川 剣人 土江 寛裕 礒 繁雄 彼末 一之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.497-510, 2015 (Released:2015-12-18)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

5 4

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The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between maximal running speed, step frequency, step frequency index, step length, step length index, foot contact time, and aerial time during sprinting in elementary school children. The participants were 335 girls and 352 boys (age: 6 to 12 years) who ran a 50-m sprint race as part of their school fitness test in 2013. Their maximal running speed, step frequency, and step length were calculated from images captured by video cameras (60 frames/second) located at the sides of the lanes. Contact time and aerial time over the distance from 20 m to 30 m were calculated from images captured by high-speed video cameras (300 frames/second) located at the side of the 25-m mark for the lanes. Two-way ANOVA with the Games-Howell procedure was used to test differences among all grades. Two-way ANCOVA was used to test interaction and the main effect of gender and grade on maximal running speed. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) and partial correlation coefficient (pr) were calculated to analyze the relationship between maximal running speed, step frequency, stride length, foot contact time, and aerial time. Step length (which was strongly correlated with maximal running speed) showed a strong partial correlation (controlled for age) with maximal running speed. Therefore, it is suggested that step length contributes to not only the increase in running speed with growth, but also individual differences in running speed among the children at the same age. There were slight tendencies for step frequency and foot contact time to increase with growth. However, these factors showed a significant partial correlation (controlled for age) with running speed. Therefore, it was suggested that these factors contribute to individual differences in running speed. The absence of a negative impact of a shorter foot contact time on stride length suggests that the running performance of school children could be improved by decreasing their foot contact time. In order to establish effective methods for augmenting the development of running ability in children, it will be necessary to consider foot contact time and aerial time in addition to step frequency and step length.

著者

林田 敏裕 清水 紀宏

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20012, (Released:2021-09-07)

著者

白﨑 啓太 山辺 芳 明石 啓太 高嶋 渉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.637-645, 2019-12-16 (Released:2019-12-20)

参考文献数

15

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In when riding in a group during cycling competitions, cyclists may become located side-by-side during positioning, rotation, and overtaking. The primary objective of this study was to analyze aerodynamic variation with differences in the number of riders (1 and 3) while cycling in parallel. It was assumed that the last cyclist would be riding in parallel with the immediate leading cyclist in the group. Wind tunnel experiments were implemented using a static mannequin and athletes as participants. A floor-mounted 6-component force balance was employed for conducting the measurements, and the athlete sat on a bicycle mounted on a bicycle stand. Experiments were subsequently conducted on groups comprising 2 riders (2R) and 4 riders (4R). The aerodynamic drag of the last rider (i.e., the mannequin) was measured for a wind speed of 16.67 m/s and for various relative spatial positions with respect to the front end of the immediate leading rider’s front wheel as the origin (longitudinal distance X = -1.38 m–0.07 m, lateral distance Y = 0.25 m–0.90 m; X = -1.38 m was applied solely when Y = 0.90 m for the case of 2R). The results indicated that at Y = 0.75 m–0.90 m, the drag of the last rider for both the 2R and 4R cases was equal to or higher than that for the single state. At Y = 0.50 m, the drag in the 2R case was equal to or higher than that for the single state (maximum value, 108.5% of the single state), whereas the drag in the 4R case was less (87.8–95.1%). It was also found that when a parallel cyclist approached a riding group comprising 3 or more cyclists, it was possible to decrease the drag to a value less than for the single state by riding in a position strictly adjacent to the riding group.

著者

裵 芝允

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.185-198, 2018-06-10 (Released:2018-06-20)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this paper is to extend understanding of Richard Shusterman’s somaesthetics to education. In order to do so, John Dewey’s pragmatism will be placed in between somaesthetics and education. Dewey played an essential part in the development of somaesthetics――not only its genealogy but also its fundamental concepts, for instance, “body”, “practice”, and “body consciousness”. Examining Shusterman’s understanding of Dewey’s pragmatism will help to clarify the pragmatic aspects of somaesthetics. To examine the possibility of extended understanding of somaesthetics for education, the philosophy of physical education will be considered. Somaesthetics provides pragmatic viewpoints on the philosophy of physical education. From this viewpoint, the philosophy of physical education sould be based on live somatic experience rather than on foundationalism.

著者

稲田 崚佑 大家 利之

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21141, (Released:2022-04-27)

著者

稲葉 健太郎 水野 基樹

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会予稿集 第71回(2021) (ISSN:24367257)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.287, 2021 (Released:2021-12-28)

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厚生労働省と経済産業省が推進する「健康経営」に取り組む企業が増えている。経済産業省は「健康経営銘柄」や「健康経営優良法人」といった顕彰制度を設けたり、健康保険組合及び地方自治体と連携して健康経営を推し進めており、メディアで健康経営が扱われる機会も多くなっている。 しかし、経済産業省が行った中小企業を対象とした健康経営の認知度の調査によると、健康経営について「全く知らなかった」が52%、「聞いたことがあるが、内容は知らない」が32%と、約8割の企業が健康経営の内容について知らないという実態も明らかとなっている。以上より、健康経営という概念は徐々に広がりを見せてはいるが、より多くの企業や従業員に浸透させるためには草の根的な啓蒙活動の必要があると考えられる。 そこで本研究では、企業に勤める従業員に対するインタビュー及びSNSに投稿されたテキストを分析することで、健康経営が一般的にどのような認知をされているのかを明らかにすることを目的に調査を行った。 インタビュー調査では都内のIT系企業に勤める4名を対象とした。調査の結果、健康経営の実践によって従業員の離職意識を間接的に低減させるとの意見を得られたが、健康経営による定量的・定性的なエビデンスを得る機会が無いため、費用対効果については疑問があるとの意見を得られた。また、SNSのテキスト分析の結果、頻出語では「企業」「健康」「従業員」「働く」といった単語が抽出された。また、共起ネットワーク分析では「健康」と「企業」「従業員」「投資」「向上」といった語のリンクが確認され、健康経営の効果についてSNSを通して発信されていることが明らかとなった。

著者

内田 英二 木本 理可 塚本 未来 神林 勲

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会予稿集 第72回(2022) (ISSN:24367257)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.255, 2022 (Released:2022-12-22)

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就寝前にスマートフォンなどの電子機器使用を制限することにより睡眠関連物質であるメラトニン分泌量が増加して入眠に好ましい効果を示すことが知られている。本研究では就寝前の電子機器使用に関する介入を行い、使用制限が起床時主観的睡眠感と自律神経系活動に及ぼす影響について明らかにすることを目的とした。被験者は健康な大学生19名(男性9名、女性10名)として、連続した5日間における就寝前1時間の電子機器使用制限期間、対照とした連続5日間の非制限期間それぞれの条件下における測定に参加した。睡眠評価としてピッツバーグ睡眠調査票(PSQI-J)および起床時睡眠感調査(OSA-MA)の質問紙調査、自律神経系活動の評価として加速度脈波測定器(TAS9VIEW)を用い自律神経バランス測定を実施した。PSQI-Jは初回測定開始時、OSA-MAは各測定期間中の起床時に記入させ、自律神経系活動はHFを副交感神経、LF/HFを交感神経の指標として各測定期間の前後に測定した。また測定期間中のスマートフォン、パソコンなどの電子機器使用時間についても併せて確認した。電子機器の使用時間は制限条件下で約50分程度短くなったが有意差は認められなかった。睡眠の時間的変数では、睡眠時間はいずれの条件も平均で約6.8時間であり条件間の差はみられなかったが、就床および起床時刻の中間点を示すmidpointが制限条件下で約30分有意に早まっており(p<0.05)、睡眠相が前進している状況が確認された。起床時睡眠感調査では制限条件下における起床時眠気因子(p<0.01)、疲労回復因子(p<0.05)が有意な高値を示した。自律神経系活動に関しては非制限条件下でHFの低下傾向とLF/HF の増加傾向が観察された。これらの結果から就寝前1時間の電子機器使用制限は睡眠感および自律神経系活動に好ましい影響を及ぼす可能性が示唆された。

著者

笠原 春香 松尾 博一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会予稿集 第72回(2022) (ISSN:24367257)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.277, 2022 (Released:2022-12-22)

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日本の大学スポーツ振興における関心は、スポーツ基本計画の一部に大学スポーツの振興が位置付けられたことをきっかけに高まりをみせてきた。その後、大学スポーツの振興に関する検討会議を経て具体的な議論が進められ、第二期スポーツ基本計画では、2022年3月までの具体的な計画目標として大学内におけるスポーツ分野を統括する部局の設置と100大学へのアドミニストレーター配置の促進が掲げられた。しかし、それらの設置や配置は一定進んだものの、目標の達成には至っていないのが現状である。さらに、大学スポーツ統括部局の実態は大学によって千差万別で、それらを一律に評価する評価項目がないために、実態を客観的に把握することは難しい。従って、まずは客観的な評価指標を用いて組織の状態を適切に評価し、その改善に向けた施策を検討することができる体制を整える必要がある。そこで本研究では、組織構造の3次元の観点(専門化・公式化・集権化)から、大学スポーツ統括部局の評価項目を策定し、日本の大学スポーツ統括部局の組織構造を客観的に評価すると共に、その望ましいあり方を提案することを試みた。大学スポーツ統括部局を有する12大学を調査対象として属性アンケートと半構造化インタビューを行い、定性比較法を用いてデータ分析を実施した。その結果、専門化では6つ、公式化では4つ、集権化では6段階の評価項目が抽出された。先行研究においては、組織は高度な専門化と公式化を有することが推奨されているが、調査対象の大学スポーツ統括部局の組織構造を評価したところ、すべての部局で低い専門化と公式化の組織構造であることが示された。集権化については、大学の方針によって適切なあり方(分散型・集権型)は異なるが、いずれの場合でも、上位の意思決定者と下位の意思決定者が少ないレポートラインで結ばれていることで、適切な集権化を実現しやすいことが明らかとなった。

著者

近藤 雄一郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会予稿集 第72回(2022) (ISSN:24367257)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.339, 2022 (Released:2022-12-22)

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本研究は女子選手を対象としてアルペンスキー競技回転種目における競技成績に応じた急斜面区間における滑走の特徴を明らかにすることを目的とした。分析対象レースは第92回宮様スキー大会国際競技会女子回転競技1本目であった。分析対象者は、1本目競技を完走し、大きな減速を伴う失敗のなかった20名であり、1-7位の者を上位群、8-15位の者を中位群、16位以下の者を下位群とした。分析対象区間は、全53旗門のうち12-29旗門目までの急斜面区間(12-20旗門目を急斜面上部、20-29旗門目を急斜面下部)とした。分析項目は、タイム分析、滑走ライン分析、スキー操作分析であった。タイム分析の結果、各分析対象区間で上位群と下位群、中位群と下位群に有意な差が認められた。また、ターン後半に該当する旗門通過後にストックを突くまでの平均所要タイム及び雪煙の上がっている平均タイムで上位群と下位群の間に有意な差が認められた。滑走ライン分析の結果、上位群と比較すると中位群は旗門上部の滑走ラインが旗門に近く旗門下部でターン弧が膨らむ滑走ラインとなる傾向があり、下位群は旗門通過後の山回りが深く旗門から離れた滑走ラインとなる傾向が明らかとなった。スキー操作分析の結果、特に急斜面下部において、上位群はゲートセッティングに応じてスキー先端の方向付けをコントロールしているのに対し、中位群は多くのターンで旗門通過時にスキーの先端は斜面下方向を向いており、下位群は多くのターンで旗門通過時にスキー先端は次の旗門方向を向いていた。以上のことから、急斜面区間をより速いタイムで滑走するためには、エッジング時間を短くすることで除雪抵抗による減速を最小限に留め、ゲートセッティングに応じたスキーの方向付け及び旗門通過後の素早いストックワークによる切り換え操作によってタイムロスの少ない滑走ラインを維持して滑走することが求められる。

著者

髙橋 由衣 高井 秀明

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.22017, (Released:2022-12-20)

著者

村上 祐介 濱田 大佐 菅村 玄二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.859-877, 2022 (Released:2022-10-16)

参考文献数

51

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We examined the effects of postural intervention using a “risshin chair” (an upright support seat assisting a zazen-like posture) on posture maintenance, classroom time perception, implicit affect, mental health, and life meaningfulness in an actual high school setting. Twenty-seven second-grade high school students (15 girls and 12 boys; Mage = 16.93 years, SD = 0.27) sat on either a conventional chair or a risshin chair in A-B-A order for approximately four weeks in total. One-way ANOVA revealed that (a) mental health score was highest in the intervention period than in the pre- or post-intervention period (p < .001; p = .002), and that (b) the living in the present moment score was higher in the intervention period than in the pre-intervention period (p < .001). Twocondition within-participant serial mediation analysis also showed that the use of the risshin chair affected mental health and daily meaning in life through a higher level of postural improvement and a faster level of classroom time perception change (indirect effect = 0.27, 95% CI [0.02, 0.74]; 0.28, 95% CI [0.04, 0.66]). The need for examining the effectiveness of longer-term postural interventions was discussed.

著者

滝沢 文雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.4, pp.211-219, 1988-03-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

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The present paper discusses, from a phenomenological viewpoint. how a movement learner structurizes his own human body, i.e., the body in phenomenological implications through his movement. The points of issue were as follows: 1. What is the structure of the body in the phenomenological context? 2. What does a learner structurize as his own human body? 3. How does a learner structurize it as his own human body? After the discussion, following results were obtained. 1. The human body exists as a function of learner's own body, so that it maintains a specific structure which is distinguished from the mere physical body. 2. A learner maintains bodily space and time according to his own capability of moving. He uses them as a framework of articulating and identifying his own percepts and structurizes these percepts centering on a specific movement. This means structurizing the human body. 3. Movement learning is a process of restructurizing one's own human body that is able to move and moving now, because a movement learner structurizes his movement constantly by revising his percepts that have already been identified. It means that the process of structurizing the human body has certain order. 4. A movement learner should know what he structurizes and how he structurizes his percepts as his own human body. Without knowing these, he can not learn his own human body effectively.

著者

吉岡 利貢 中垣 浩平 中村 和照 向井 直樹 鍋倉 賢治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.237-248, 2012 (Released:2012-06-02)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

4 2

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The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological and morphological characteristics of J. Ndambiri, a Kenyan world-class long-distance runner (10,000 m personal best: 27:04.79), with runners belonging to the national corporate team (29:32.18±0:30.35). Oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate, blood lactate concentration and stride frequency were measured during submaximal exercise on a treadmill (270, 290, 310, 330, 350 and 370 m/min velocities with 1% inclination). Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was determined during the maximal exercise test. In addition, morphological parameters (length of thigh and shank, maximum circumference of thigh and shank, and cross-sectional area of the trunk, thigh and shank muscles) were determined using a tape measure and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ndambiri was superior to Japanese runners in terms of not only running economy (65.0 vs 69.8±1.9 ml/kg/min at 330 m/min), but also blood lactate concentration (1.50 vs 2.59±0.74 mmol/l at 330 m/min), heart rate (159.8 vs 170.8±4.0 bpm at 330 m/min) during the submaximal running test and VO2peak (80.8 vs 76.3±2.4 ml/kg/min). In addition, the morphological characteristics of Ndambiri were also quite different from those of Japanese runners. In particular, Ndambiri's maximum shank circumference was much smaller than that of Japanese runners (32.0 vs 35.8±1.8 cm). Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius muscle, which composes the shank, was significantly correlated with the oxygen cost of running at 330 m/min (r=0.700). These findings indicate that the superior performance of Ndambiri is attributable to various factors such as a higher VO2peak, lower blood lactate concentration and heart rate, as well as running economy. In the future, it will be necessary to clarify the factors supporting these relationships between physiological variables and morphological characteristics.

著者

横澤 俊治 熊川 大介 荒川 裕志 勝亦 陽一 赤木 亮太

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15082, (Released:2016-04-07)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

4 2

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The purpose of this study was to identify the biomechanical factors limiting distance and the jump technique in the maximum effort standing long jump. The limiting factors and jump technique were identified through an analysis of the relationship between patterns of joint powers in the propulsion phase of the standing long jump and maximum isokinetic strength of the lower limb. The participants were 11 male athletes specializing in different events. Isokinetic strength of the extensor muscles at the ankle (30 and 90 deg/s), knee (60 and 180 deg/s), and hip (60 and 180 deg/s) joints was evaluated by dynamometry. Joint powers in the propulsion phase of standing long jump were calculated by inversed dynamics methods using digitized two-dimensional coordinate data (50 Hz) and ground reaction force data (500 Hz). Pearson's product-moment correlation analyses were used to assess the relationships between jump distance, joint powers over the propulsion phase, and isokinetic strength of the lower limb joints. The results indicated the following.  1. The magnitude of the body center of mass velocity and whole body mechanical energy at toe-off were correlated with jump distance (velocity: r=0.857, p<0.01, energy: r=0.926, p<0.01).  2. Peak powers at the knee and hip joints over the propulsion phase, normalized to body mass, were correlated with jump distance (knee: r=0.767, p<0.01, hip: r=0.723, p<0.05).  3. Isokinetic extensor strength at the ankle, knee and hip joints, normalized to body mass, did not correlate with peak power at the corresponding joint over the propulsion phase. Also, only knee extensor strength at 60 deg/s was correlated with jump distance (r=0.652, p<0.05).  4. Knee extension torque at maximum knee flexion, which is used as an index of countermovement, was correlated with jump distance (r=0.836, p<0.01) and peak knee power (r=0.765, p<0.01). In one participant who had the highest ratio of peak powers over the propulsion phase to isokinetic strength, knee extensor power was enhanced by increasing the knee extension torque with countermovement and coupling of the arm swing to knee extension during the propulsion phase.  Therefore, although the jump distance depended on the lower limb joint powers over the propulsion phase, the power was not directly modulated by isokinetic strength. This phenomenon might be derived from strategies that enhanced lower limb power with countermovement and coupling of the arm swing to lower limb motion.

著者

堀 天 髙木 祐介 相川 悠貴 福地 かおり 吉川 明里 藤原 紗音 小木曽 洋介 下村 有佳里 家吉 彩夏 枝元 香菜子 関 和俊 堀田 典生

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, pp.761-773, 2022 (Released:2022-09-27)

参考文献数

44

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Sudden cardiac death is a common cause of death during hiking activities. Since the exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response to physical activity is known to increase the risk for the development of cardiovascular events, hiking might also induce an excessive BP response and such events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hiking at around 1,200 m on the circulatory responses to isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise. Five healthy women volunteered to hike and stay at Mt. Ibuki (altitude, 1,377 m; Shiga, Japan) for 2 consecutive days. On the first day, the participants ascended to 1,220 m (Hiking study), and on the second day, they drove to an altitude of 1,260 m where they remained for about 5.5 h (Staying study). The participants performed IHG exercise before (altitude, 220 m), during (altitude, 990 m), and after (altitude, 220 m) hiking in the Hiking study, and before driving (altitude, 160 m), after staying for 5 h (altitude, 1,260 m), and after driving back from an altitude of 1,260 m (altitude, 122 m) in the Staying study. The participants performed IHG exercise at 30% maximum voluntary contraction for 2 min after seated rest. We measured systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), and pulse rate during the test, and then calculated the double product (DP) from the product of the SBP and pulse rate. In the Hiking study, SBP and DP responses to IHG exercise during hiking were significantly augmented (P < 0.05). Importantly, these responses to IHG exercise during hiking were significantly higher than those before hiking (P < 0.05). On the other hand, in the Staying study, staying at an altitude of 1,260 m for about 5.5 h did not significantly change circulatory responses to IHG exercise. In conclusion, we demonstrated that SBP and DP during IHG exercise were significantly augmented during hiking at an elevation difference of about 1,000 m. This finding suggests that transient increases in BP due to physical activity, which might trigger cardiovascular events, could be enhanced during hiking at a moderate altitude.

著者

工藤 龍太

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.681-700, 2016 (Released:2016-12-14)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

1 1

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The present study aimed to clarify the inception and development of Kenji Tomiki's technical theory of budo during the pre-war Showa era, focusing particularly on the succession of Jigoro Kano's concept of judo as a martial art. The main points are summarized as follows:  A letter written by Tomiki in 1928 reveals that he was interested in the comprehensive combat techniques of Ueshiba's aikijujutsu including the use of bare hands and weapons. Tomiki considered that devotees of budo should practice a comprehensive range of techniques from bare-handed combat to the use of weapons. While he mainly succeeded to shobu (martial arts) under the systematic judo theory of Kano, he also thought it possible to overcome the problems inherent to taiiku (physical education), shushin (development of the spirit), and ishinho (methods to ease the spirit) by studying aikijujutsu. The starting point of Tomiki's theory was to emphasize the kata training that simulated various situations in actual combat.  During the prewar period, Tomiki tried to ascertain the fundamental principles of ken-no-ki (ki of the Japanese sword) and ju-no-ri (the principle of flexibility). These principles made it possible to complement the principle of judo as seiryoku-zenyo (most efficient use of energy) that Kano had proposed technically.  In 1942, Tomiki published a research article entitled “The systematic study of techniques while maintaining distance in judo: The principles of judo and the techniques of Aiki-Budo”. In the article, he tried to present consistency between randori and these techniques while maintaining distance in judo, then established 6 fundamental laws of martial arts, including kendo, a system for education in these techniques, and the 12 basic kata.  The consistent points of Tomiki's theory of budo in the pre-war era were to understand the strong and weak points of each competitive budo and kata, and the importance of kata. Although the emphasis on atemi-waza in Tomiki's theory had points in common with the combative techniques of school budo during the interwar period, Tomiki was really interested in overcoming the disadvantages of judo for sport based on Kano's concept of judo as a martial art. Tomiki mainly inherited the latter, and criticized competitive judo.

著者

湯浅 泰雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.1-10, 1987-06-01 (Released:2017-09-27)

被引用文献数

3 1

著者

出口 順子 長谷川 健司 清川 健一 菊池 秀夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, pp.13-32, 2021 (Released:2021-01-30)

参考文献数

91

被引用文献数

2

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Relationships between team identification, fan community identification and team-support behavior can be explained using organizational identification theory (Ashforth and Mael, 1989; Mael and Ashforth, 1992). According to Mael and Ashforth (1992), for an individual to identify with an organization, it must enhance the appeal of its collective identity through clear delineation of in-group and out-group memberships as a distinct organization, while increasing self-esteem through association with the organization’s prestige, meaning that the antecedent factors are the organization’s distinctiveness and prestige. Additionally, in social identity theory, which represents the theoretical background for organizational identification theory, support behavior is expressed for an organization that embodies the supporter’s identity. Accordingly, Mael and Ashforth (1992) consider organizational support to be a result factor. Based on the above, the aim of this study was to use organizational identification theory to clarify the relationships between team identification, fan community identification, and team-support behavior. Specifically, we developed a hypothetical model in which the factors of team distinctiveness and prestige were the antecedent factors and the non-transactional support behavior of fan engagement was the resulting factor. Data collected from spectators at a V. Premier League were used for verification. Analysis using the bootstrap method revealed that impact relationships were not found for all hypotheses. Nonetheless, certain relationships were found between leading and result factors, thus supporting the conclusion that organizational identification theory can be used to explain spectator support behavior.

著者

大峰 光博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17141, (Released:2018-06-25)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 1

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The purpose of this study was to present a new perspective on the problem of attempting to lose a game on purpose through a consideration of whether doing so threatens the existence of sport. We began by hypothesizing the concept of “failed athletic contests”, which has been discussed in the field of sport philosophy, as jeopardizing the existence of this activity. We then examined the concept of “losing games on purpose” with reference to the “failed athletic contests” theory of Kawatani (2013). We examined 2 broad categories of “losing games on purpose”: one where defeat is clearly the goal, and the other where players deceive referees and spectators by behaving as though they want to win, while in fact actually trying to lose. Kawatani claims that games where an ethos (internal purpose) is not achieved, even though the contest is based on athletes playing according to the rules, constitute “failed athletic contests”. He found that player commitment to winning is necessary as a condition in achieving the ethos of the game, suggesting that “losing games on purpose”in either category constitutes a “failed athletic contest” in that athletes are not committed to victory and the ethos is not established. On the other hand, it was also clarified that there is a dilemma for players in athletic meets when a commitment to winning is called for, but when this is occasionally in conflict with the ethos of individual games. For the second category, it was also revealed that referees and spectators were not aware of the nature of such a defeat when it was concealed. This suggests that the second category of “losing games on purpose” is more problematic than the first.

著者

牧野 晃宗 岩崎 正徳 国正 陽子 久野 峻幸 佐野 加奈絵 村元 辰寛 村上 雷多 神﨑 浩 小田 俊明 石川 昌紀

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.639-649, 2016 (Released:2016-12-14)

参考文献数

18

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One of the most frequent injuries in Kendo athletes is Achilles tendinopathy in the left leg, for example Achilles tendon rupture. However, preventive approaches for Achilles tendinopathy in Kendo athletes have not been well considered. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine differences in the architectures of the gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles tendon in relation to kendo training experience, and to examine the mechanical properties of the Achilles tendinous tissues (AT) in Kendo athletes in order to clarify why Achilles tendinopathy occurs in the left leg. Sixty-five Kendo male athletes with different periods of kendo training experience and 20 healthy male control subjects participated in this study. The architectural properties of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (MG) and Achilles tendon in both legs were measured using ultrasonography. In addition, 20 expert Kendo male athletes and healthy male controls pair-matched with the kendo athletes for body height and body mass were examined for their AT mechanical properties during passive dorsiflexion of both legs. The differences in the cross–sectional areas of the Achilles tendon and MG muscle between the left and right legs were greater in Kendo athletes with longer experience. Especially, the expert kendo athletes had lower AT stiffness and Young's modulus in the left leg than did the control subjects. These results suggest that kendo leads to specific Achilles tendon and muscle adaptation. These specific adaptations of the MG fascicles and AT may be one of the risk factors for Achilles tendon rupture in Kendo athletes.