著者

安藤 謐次郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理研究 (ISSN:18841066)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.149, pp.441-455, 1924 (Released:2010-07-16)

著者

若林 明雄 内山 登起夫 東條 吉邦 吉田 友子 黒田 美保 バロン-コーエン サイモン ウィールライト サリー

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.6, pp.534-540, 2007-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

6 15

---

The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) children's version has confirmed reliability and validity in the UK. In the current study, the children's AQ was administered in Japan to investigate whether the UK results are found in a very different culture. Two groups of children from primary and secondary schools were assessed: Group 1 (n=81) children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD, including Asperger Syndrome and high-functioning autism); Group 2 (n=372) randomly selected controls, age-matched with Group 1. The children with ASD had a mean AQ score of 31.9 (SD=6.69), which was significantly higher than controls (mean AQ=11.7, SD=5.94). Males scored significantly higher than females in the control group, but not in the ASD group. The pattern of difference between the Japanese clinical group and the control group was remarkably similar to the findings in the UK.

著者

内田 遼介 釘原 直樹 東 亜弓 土屋 裕睦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.219-229, 2017-08-25 (Released:2017-08-25)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

2

---

Previous studies have revealed that past experience shared by the members of a group can uniformly increase or decrease the collective efficacy. However, it remains unknown how appraisal formation processes occur within an athletic team in which each member of varying ability appraises collective efficacy from the perspective of shared past experience. The purpose of this study was to examine the processes related to appraisal of collective efficacy in terms of the task-related abilities of individual members. The participants, 75 healthy males, were assigned to triads. The triads were instructed to cover a combined distance of 2,000 m as quickly as possible on a bicycle. The comparative task-related abilities of the participants were manipulated through false feedback before the task. The results revealed that participants with superior condition only appraised collective efficacy based on their own potential contribution, and that collective efficacy was associated with individual effort during the task. These results could be interpreted in the light of instrumentality, which is an element of the Collective Effort Model (Karau & Williams, 1993, 2001).

著者

久保 恵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.6, pp.477-484, 2000-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The purpose of this study was to assess individual differences in attachment representation. They were assessed, not through direct verbal reports, but indirectly as indicated in a projective test. The test required subjects to tell their impressions of pictures, which depicted daily, routine parent-child interactions. A series of pictures were developed for story-making task, which was named PARS (Picture Attachment Related Study). Three hundred and two (302) undergraduate and vocational students were asked to see the pictures, and freely imagine the situation, think what they would feel, and create the further story. They were then to recall their own experiences with their parents, and fill out a questionnaire of how they see their relationship with others. It was found that those who made a trustful PARS story recalled their own attachment experiences in an autonomous way, and had lower distrust in their relationship with others. Thus, results of the projective test were shown to reflect individual personal attachment experiences, and the test be useful.

著者

野波 寛 加藤 潤三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.1, pp.25-32, 2009 (Released:2012-02-14)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2 2

---

This study classified environmentally-conscious behaviors of residents (n=335) along Lake Biwa as a common goods into personal and group behavioral intentions, and examined the determinants of these intentions. Identification with the community was a social identity, and differed from attachment to Lake Biwa, which was defined as topophilia. The results indicated that group behavior was affected by topophilia, while personal behavior was influenced by general attitudes about the environmental problems of the lake and evaluations of the cost for the behavior. Community identity had a significant effect on both personal and group behavior. Rational or emotional decision making processes resulted in two different types of environmentally-conscious behaviors.

著者

赤田 太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.2, pp.158-166, 2010 (Released:2010-09-09)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

3 6

---

This study describes the development and evaluation of the Nursery Teacher's Stress Scale (NTSS), which explores the relation between daily hassles at work and work-related stress. In Analysis 1, 29 items were chosen to construct the NTSS. Six factors were identified: I. Stress relating to child care; II. Stress from human relations at work; III. Stress from staff-parent relations; IV. Stress from lack of time; V. Stress relating to compensation; and VI. Stress from the difference between individual beliefs and school policy. All these factors had high degrees of internal consistency. In Analysis 2, the concurrent validity of the NTSS was examined. The results showed that the NTSS total scores were significantly correlated with the Job Stress Scale-Revised Version (job stressor scale, r=.68), the Pre-school Teacher-efficacy Scale (r=-.21), and the WHO-five Well-Being Index Japanese Version (r=-.40). Work stresses are affected by several daily hassles at work. The NTSS has acceptable reliability and validity, and can be used to improve nursery teacher's mental health.

著者

牧野 巽

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.6, pp.831-860, 1928 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

45

著者

渡部 麻美 松井 豊 高塚 雄介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.5, pp.478-484, 2010 (Released:2011-04-20)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

6 8

---

This study examined the determinants of social withdrawal using data from a survey by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Office for Youth Affairs and Public Safety (2008). In addition, this study identified young people who showed an affinity for social withdrawal although they were not in a state of withdrawal, and examined the determinants of an affinity for social withdrawal. The results of stepwise discriminant analysis showed that factors such as social phobia, depression, violence, and emotional bonds with family differentiated between the general youth group and the social withdrawal group and the “affinity group”. Social phobia, violence, and refusal to be interfered in self-decision making differentiated between the social withdrawal group and the “affinity group”. This study shows that an “affinity group” should be cared as well as an actual withdrawal group.

著者

遠藤 志乃 中谷 素之

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.170-176, 2017

被引用文献数

4

---

<p>This study examined the relationships between motivational regulation strategies, goal achievements, and learning habits in junior high school students. A total of 288 junior high school students completed a self-administered questionnaire. We focused on the students' representative motivational regulation styles, i.e., intrinsic vs extrinsic motivational regulation. Structural equation modeling revealed the following: (a) mastery goals promoted an intrinsic regulation strategy, which in turn, facilitated development of beneficial learning habits; (b) performance-approach goals promoted an extrinsic regulation strategy, which by contrast inhibited the development of beneficial learning habits. These results suggest that goal achievement positively affects learning behavior mediated by motivational regulation strategies. In light of these findings, we discuss the importance of intrinsic regulation strategies in promoting beneficial learning habits in junior high school students.</p>

著者

小田 亮 大 めぐみ 丹羽 雄輝 五百部 裕 清成 透子 武田 美亜 平石 界

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.1, pp.28-36, 2013 (Released:2013-07-01)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

11 28

---

This study describes the development and evaluation of the Self-Report Altruism Scale Distinguished by the Recipient (SRAS-DR). The relationship between an actor and a recipient is important for evolutionary studies of altruistic behavior. However, the existing scale for Japanese undergraduates does not distinguish recipients of altruistic behaviors. We developed a new self-report altruism scale based on an evolutionary viewpoint. In Study 1, undergraduate students described their altruistic behaviors in daily life, which we classified according to the recipients (family members, friends or acquaintances and strangers). Then we chose 21 items (7 items for each recipient class) to construct the SRAS-DR by using exploratory factor analyses. In Study 2, we investigated validity and reliability of the scale. The scores were significantly correlated with other relevant scales as well as with behavioral indicators. Test-retest reliability was high. These results indicate that the SRAS-DR has acceptable reliability and validity, and can be used in evolutionary studies of human altruism.

著者

福岡 欣治 橋本 宰

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.5, pp.403-409, 1997-12-26 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

12 12

---

This study investigated perceived social support, emotional as well as instrumental, from family members and friends, and examined their stress-buffering effects on depression in college students and middle-aged adults in Japan. For both samples, family members were relatively more important sources of instrumental support, whereas friends were primarily perceived as emotional support providers. No gender differences were found for the middle-aged adults, but as in previous studies, women in the college sample perceived more support for them than men. A series of hierarchical regression analyses with support by stress interaction terms revealed distinctive patterns of support effects on depression for men and women of each sample. Characteristics of perceived social support in each sample were described, and overall results suggested that it is essential in social support research to take the meanings of supportive relationship into consideration, in the context of social and developmental factors of the samples under study.

著者

松永 美希 中村 菜々子 三浦 正江 原田 ゆきの

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.15223, (Released:2017-05-10)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

4

---

“Reality shock” is defined as the discrepancy between an individual’s expectations established prior to joining to an organization and their perceptions after becoming a member of the organization. The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure factors leading to reality shock in first-year teachers, and to confirm its reliability and validity. A scale was developed based on factors leading to realty shock, and a survey was conducted on 219 first-year teachers (90 men, 129 women, mean age 25.18 years). Structure analysis based on factor analysis revealed that this scale consisted of four factors; “inter-personal relations in the workplace”, “lack of experience”, “relationship with students or parents”, and “pressure at work”. Given that high scores of the scale were associated with negative changes in perceptions of work, we showed that the scale was concurrently valid. Multiple regression analysis showed that realty shock significantly influenced stress responses, and that it had particular positive effects on anxiety and depression. Future studies will need to elucidate factors that buffer the effects of reality shock, and develop interventions to prevent worsening mental health in first-year teachers.

著者

鎌田 雅史 西山 久子 迫田 裕子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16301, (Released:2017-05-10)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

---

This study investigated the efficacy of upward influence tactics in school counseling embeddedness. We adopted Social Identity Theory perspectives, and examined the dyadic interaction between principals and teachers in charge of school counseling (School Counseling Teachers: SCT). We analyzed 293 principals and 285 SCT in 298 elementary schools. Results indicated that the principals’ recognition of Consultation and Rational persuasion was positively correlated with shared recognition in school counseling (SCT’s roles and competencies). In the same way, Rational persuasion was positively correlated with the dyadic recognition of principals’ involvement (fostering cooperation among school personnel and SCT’s positive involvement). However, recognition of Pressure was negatively correlated with principals’ involvement. Furthermore, the results reveal that school counseling embeddedness was fostered through shared recognition and participative behavior by principals.

著者

梅垣 佑介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16314, (Released:2017-05-10)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

9

---

The present study examined the correlations between formal help-seeking attitudes/intentions and actual help-seeking behavior for psychological problems. Initially, I assessed university students’ attitudes and intentions to seek help, as well as their prior experience of seeking help from five formal sources of help (Time 1: N = 707). Actual help-seeking behavior was assessed four weeks after Time 1 to determine the correlations between help-seeking attitudes/intentions and behavior (Time 2: N = 412). The results revealed that for four out of five formal sources of help, help-seeking intentions were weakly correlated with help-seeking behavior (r = .11–.22). Although help-seeking attitudes did not significantly predict help-seeking behavior, intentions were positively correlated with help-seeking attitudes (r = .23–.34). I discuss future directions for measurement of help-seeking behaviors.

著者

梅本 堯夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.23-28, 1951 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2 7

---

In this study the writer has determined the association values of 1016 Japanese two syllable nonsense words. These syllables were divided into four groups, and each group was read to two classes of Ss in reversed order. Ss were 404 high school students. After giving sufficient information on the nature of the association performance, the E reads the syllables at the rate of one syllable per five seconds. Ss were instructed to write down any associated word, while attending to the experimenter's reading. When there was no time to write down any, Ss had to mark a circle on the syllable. When they found the word impressive, though not meaningful, Ss had to mark a triangle. The association values ranged from 82% (o-pe) to 3% (pu-nu), the average was 26.02%. The reliability was tested by caliculating the coefficients of correlation between the results of two classes of Ss, performed on the same list, and between boys and girls in the same class. These values were r=0.49 and r=0.76 respectively.

著者

和智 妙子 渡邉 和美 横田 賀英子 大塚 祐輔 Lamb Michael E.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.6, pp.611-621, 2016 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

---

This study examined the relationships between the reasons for confessions and interviewing styles by administering a self-reported questionnaire to new male adult prison inmates across Japan. The three factors proposed by Gudjonsson and his colleagues (1991, 1992, 1994, 1999), namely, perception of proof, internal pressure, and external pressure, were investigated. When participants had decided to confess prior to interviews, they were more likely to confess due to perception of proof and internal pressure compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, participants who experienced a relationship-focused interviewing style, which stressed active listening and rapport-building while talking about the criminal incidents directly, were more likely to confess due to internal pressure and less likely to confess due to external pressure.

著者

田中 敏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.4, pp.213-218, 1981-11-20 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

31

---

The purpose of this study was to classify and characterize hesitation phenomena in Japanese speech. Twenty college students were asked to make a story about a series of pictures. The types of hesitation which were also found in English speech were identified in the stories. Then they were analyzed further in terms of the kinds of lexical unit and the location in a sentence. The major results were as follows: (a) repetitions and false starts occurred at nouns more frequently than at the members of Jodoshi-Joshirui (one of functional word classes) and (b) significantly larger parts of both filled and unfilled pauses were located between phrases than within them. Finally, functional role of each type in speech production was discussed.

著者

眞榮城 和美 菅原 ますみ 酒井 厚 菅原 健介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.2, pp.182-188, 2007

被引用文献数

6

---

This study developed revised Japanese versions of the self perception profile for Children, for Adolescents and for College Students. The original versions have an idiosyncratic and time-consuming item format, which was revised by using only one statement for each item. Subjects were fifth to sixth grade students (Boys=129, Girls=152), tenth to twelfth grade students (Boys=112, Girls=100), and college students (Boys=96, Girls=153) in Japan. The reliability and validity measures showed that the revised versions were similar to the original versions. The present study provides some evidence for the use of these scales with Japanese students.

著者

安藤 謐次郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理研究 (ISSN:18841066)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.157, pp.114-121, 1925-02-01 (Released:2010-07-16)

著者

柳澤 昇

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.4-5, pp.321-326, 1939 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

5 11