著者

高橋 晃

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

被引用文献数

1

---

<p>This study investigated the independence of old and new item processing in recognition judgment. Conventional recognition studies have focused on the "memory" aspects of recognition judgment, while new item processing has been treated as a "residual response" of old item processing. However, prior studies on confidence ratings and the brain research suggest the possibility that old and new items are independently processed. This study conducted recognition judgment tests with the number of learned items as independent variables, and response times for four answer categories (hit, miss, correct rejection, and false alarm) as dependent variables. Hit response times were consistently shorter than misses for all old items, while correct rejection (CR) and false alarm (FA) response times approached equivalence (CR = FA) for new items as the number of old (memorized) items increased. These results suggest that recognition judgment changes according to the number of old (memorized) items. We discuss the idea that new item and old item processing in recognition judgment occur independently.</p>

著者

藤原 佑貴 宮寺 貴之 久原 恵理子 小林 寿一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究

巻号頁・発行日

2018

被引用文献数

1

---

<p>The effects of two introductory styles on substantive information provided by Japanese children were investigated. Children aged 5–6 years (<i>n</i> = 42) and 7–8 years (<i>n</i> = 40) took a simulated physical examination. One week later, the participants were interviewed about the examination in a narrative introductory condition using open-ended questions, or a non-narrative introductory condition using directive and yes/no questions. Substantive information provided by the children in the two conditions was compared. Results indicated that in the narrative condition, the participants provided more accurate information about the examination in response to open-ended questions. Additionally, the 7–8 year-old children in the narrative condition provided a wider range of critical information. These findings suggest that an open-ended introductory style is effective in eliciting more accurate information from children, including preschoolers, and more varied information from school-age children.</p>

著者

玉利 祐樹 竹村 和久

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:18841082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.6, pp.497-504, 2012 (Released:2012-08-18)

著者

藤木 大介 若杉 佳彦 楞野 祥子 岩本 理沙 島田 英昭

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.4, pp.390-395, 2017

被引用文献数

2

---

<p>When reading narratives, readers infer the emotions of characters and empathize with them. Emphathic responses can be parallel or reactive. This study, based on the dual-process theory, investigated which emotional responses (i.e., emotion inference, parallel response, or reactive response) in reading are caused by system 1 (unconscious, implicit, automatic, low-effort process) and which depend on system 2 (conscious, explicit, controlled, high-effort process). As cognitive load affects responses influenced by system 2, the effects of working memory load on reading were examined. Participants were divided into two groups based on working memory capacity, and instructed to read narratives under a dual-tasks situation similar to the reading span test. The results revealed no effect of cognitive load on inference of characters' emotions. However, additional load did affect both types of empathic responses in the low-capacity group. Further, when cognitive load was low, emotion inference correlated with both empathic responses. These results indicate that emotion inference is an automatic process, whereas empathic responses are controlled processes.</p>

著者

清成 透子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.1, pp.1-9, 2002-04-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

13 11

---

Yamagishi, Jin, and Kiyonari (1999) recently proposed an alternative account of ingroup favoritism in the minimal group experiment (MGE). According to the hypothesis, expectation of “bounded generalized reciprocity” that a generalized exchange system exists in the group is the primary source of the favoritism, not motivation for social identity. Partly replicating the Yamagishi et al. study, the current study with 73 participants added further evidence; they did not cooperate more with an ingroup partner than with an outgroup partner, if they believed that the partner did not know the participant's membership, regardless of the partner's membership. It was further shown that expectation of cooperation by the partner in itself was not enough to raise the participant's cooperation level. Based on these findings, it was concluded that ingroup favoritism found in MGE was a result of the shared group identity that triggered the definition of the situation as a group situation where a generalized exchange system existed for ingroup members.

著者

大谷 和大 山村 麻予

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16349, (Released:2017-11-10)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

4

---

This study investigated the effect of emphasis on classroom social goals (compliance goals vs. prosocial goals) on psychological reactance and intention to share the goals. Elementary school children (N = 139) participated in a questionnaire-based experiment. In the experiment, two hypothetical scenarios were presented in which hypothetical teachers emphasized classroom social goals (i.e., compliance goals, representing the minimum level of compliance with rules, versus prosocial goals, representing the ideal level of compliance with rules), and the participants were asked to rate their psychological reactance and intention to share the goal related to each condition. A within-participant t test revealed that compliance goals were higher in psychological reactance. Twocondition within-participant mediation analysis also revealed that compliance goals indirectly undermined the children’s intention to share the goals, mediated by psychological reactance.

著者

中里 浩明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.6, pp.342-347, 1977-03-20 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

15

---

This study investigated the relationship between dimensions of trait information and attraction judgments using 50male Ss. It was hypothesized and generally found that social trait information related to ratings of preferred playmate (likableness scale) and that intellectual trait information related to judgments of reliable task partner (respect scale). A selected group of 10 social-type Ss showed sensitivity to social traits of target persons, whereas 10 intellectual-type Ss were more sensitive to the intellectual traits of target persons. These effects operated independently of the normative scale values of these traits.

著者

中里 浩明 井上 徹 田中 国夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.109-117, 1975-07-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2 2

---

The determining effect of personality similarity upon interpersonal attraction was investigated. (1) As for extraversion, 60 Ss assigned as extraverts or introverts rated 2 standard strangers, one extraverted and the other introverted on interpersonal judgment scales. They all were attracted the extraverted stranger as a whole. (2) As for need, complementarity as well as similarity hypothesis was examined. Another 80 Ss rated 2, nurturant and succorant strangers. Similarity effect was evident on nurturance, but not explicit on succorance. And complementary effect was only slightly found. Thus, the mediating factors underlying between personality similarity and attraction are reasoned. The functioning of the affective value of infomation is such.

著者

今田 惠

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1-2, pp.126-133, 1943 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

5

著者

遠藤 由美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.5, pp.387-395, 1997-12-26 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

6 10

---

Two studies investigated the tendency of people to enhance their close relationship and to efface oneself in front of their partners. In Study 1, 193 college students estimated the extent to which their best friendship is better than other's best friendship. Overall, they showed a strong tendency of enhancing own relationship; they rated their best friendship to be better than the average. Within the close relationship, however, they showed self-effacement; they rated their best friends, compared with themselves, in more positive way. In Study 2, 41 husband-wife couples attended as subjects. Again, they showed marital relationship-enhancement and relative self-effacement. Furthermore, their subjective happiness was mainely explained by own relationship enhancement. These results were discussed from several points.

著者

八田 武志 山本 真由美 広瀬 雄彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.5, pp.308-313, 1990-12-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

28

---

The right ear advantage in dichotic listening test for VCV word pairs was investigated using both longitudinal and cross-sectional methods with children whose age ranged from four to six. The degree of a right ear advantage and the population of those who showed a right ear advantage increased with age in the cross-sectional method. In the longitudinal method, however, the above findings could not be confirmed. These results suggest that the application of dichotic listening test may be inappropriate to young children.

著者

外山 美樹 長峯 聖人 湯 立 三和 秀平 黒住 嶺 相川 充

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16321, (Released:2017-05-10)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

8

---

According to the regulatory fit theory (Higgins, 2000), when people engage in goal pursuit in a manner that fits their orientation (e.g., promotion/eager or prevention/vigilance), they experience regulatory fit and engage more strongly in the pursuit, leading to better outcomes. The present research investigated the influence of regulatory fit on performance by considering the type of performance (speed or accuracy) and the kind of regulatory fit (promotion/eager, or prevention/vigilance). In Study 1, 85 university students were induced to hold a promotion or prevention orientation. In Study 2, 90 university students were assessed for individual differences in regulatory orientation. The results indicated that speed performance was best when there was promotion/eager regulatory fit, whereas accuracy performance was best when there was prevention/vigilance regulatory fit. These findings suggest that the performance effects of regulatory fit are not identical, but differ according to the types of regulatory fit.

著者

上島 淳史 亀田 達也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16328, (Released:2017-09-30)

参考文献数

25

---

Recent research has revealed neuro-cognitive commonalities between decisions for self and for others. However, very few direct comparisons have been made between decisions for self and others in the context of economic decision-making under risk. In this study, we compared gambling decisions for self and others using a withinparticipants design. We manipulated the level of uncertainty involved in acquisition of seed money for gambling to explore its potential role in mediating risky decisions. The results revealed that participants were significantly more risk-averse when making decisions for others than for self, and this behavioral difference was stronger when the seed money for gambling was obtained with certainty. Moreover, additional analysis using the Social Value Orientation scale (Van Lange, Otten, De Bruin, & Joireman, 1997) revealed that the “individualistic” participants made the self-other distinction more clearly than the “prosocial” participants, indicating that a participant’s socialvalue orientation plays a role when making risky decisions for others.

著者

桃田 茉子 浅野 良輔 永谷 文代 宮川 広実 中西 真理子 安田 由華 柴田 真理子 橋本 亮太 毛利 育子 谷池 雅子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16215, (Released:2017-09-30)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

3

---

This study sought to examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (J-BRIEF). In this study, BRIEF was administered to evaluate executive function in everyday life in 91 subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; ages 12–15; 72 boys) and 2,230 community samples (CS; ages 12–15; 1,083 boys). For this purpose, we applied categorical confirmatory factor analysis, which revealed that the scale was composed of two factors and eight subscales of the high test-retest stability. Reliability was confirmed using an external criterion (ADHD-Rating scale: ADHD-RS). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an optimal cut-off of 118.5 (sensitivity = 0.811, specificity = 0.828). This study confirmed the reliability and the validity of J-BRIEF.

著者

丸山 淳市 藤 桂

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.15076, (Released:2017-09-30)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1

---

This study examined the effect of humor in the workplace, focusing on the bidirectional relationship between behavior by managers and expressions of humor by their subordinates. Japanese employees (n = 565) responded to questionnaires addressing their managers’ style of leadership, humor expressed by employees in the workplace, their feelings about humor, the workplace atmosphere, and perceived job performance. Of the subjects, 315 reported that there was a subordinate who expressed humor in their workplace. Covariance structural analysis revealed that a leadership style involving supporting subordinates and maintaining group harmony promoted expressions of humor by subordinates, and such behaviors resulted in a workplace atmosphere that prioritized employee relationships by promoting positive feelings. The cooperative atmosphere promoted supportive leadership, as well as job performance. We discuss the role of humor in the workplace in regard to the bidirectional influence between leadership and subordinates.

著者

山本 哲也 杉森 伸吉 嶋田 洋徳

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.17-25, 2010 (Released:2010-08-13)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 4

---

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of smiling expression on cognitive and emotional processes during the introduction of negative mood and cognition by self-focused attention. The mechanisms underlying such effects were also examined, with reference to Interacting Cognitive Subsystems framework (Teasdale & Barnard, 1993). We induced the self-focused attention for all 33 participants but the timing and type of facial expressions manipulated differed among three conditions: control condition (required to move the facial muscles which are unrelated with smiling), buffer condition (required to “smile” before the self-focused attention), and attenuation condition (required to “smile” after the self-focused attention). The results showed that the negative mood was increased in the control group while it was decreased in two experimental groups. Furthermore, the positive mood was decreased in the control group, and increased in the buffer group. The contents of spontaneous thought during experiment were more positive among two “smile” conditions than control condition. These results suggest the importance of smiling before and during negative self-focused attention.

著者

松本 明生 平岡 恭一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.288-293, 2017

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<p>Impulsivity has been linked to traffic safety problems in many prior studies. However, it is not clear whether impulsivity, defined by the rate of discounting delayed monetary rewards, relates to drivers' problematic behavior. We investigated the relationship between the discounting of hypothetical monetary outcomes and near accident (i.e. hiyari-hatto) experiences during driving among occupational drivers. A total of 189 occupational drivers (160 men) completed the delay discounting questionnaire and hiyari-hatto experiences scale. In completing the delay discounting questionnaire, participants were asked to perform the two delay-discounting tasks, in which they chose between ¥100,000 or ¥5,000 available after some delay (from 1 month to 5 years) or a lesser amount of money available immediately. Subjective equivalence points were obtained from participants' choices on delay discounting questionnaires, from which the areas under the curve (AUC; Myerson et al., 2001) were calculated. The results indicated that the rate of discounting (AUC) was negatively correlated to near accident experiences. We discuss the need for future research on impulsivity, delay discounting, and traffic safety.</p>

著者

中谷 奈美子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.14074, (Released:2015-11-10)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

4

---

This study aimed to compare maltreating mothers and non-maltreating mothers on attributions and affects related to child behaviors. It also assessed how attributions predict affective and behavioral reactions to child behaviors. The study population comprised of a community-based sample of mothers with children aged 2 to 4 years (n = 238). Mothers’ attributions and affect were assessed using vignettes of child behavior. They also answered questions about their maltreating parenting behaviors and demographic factors such as childcare environments. Results highlighted that, as compared with non-maltreating mothers, maltreating mothers made more intentional and stable attributions to negative child behavior, and to report more anger and aversion. They also had a tendency to report less happiness toward positive child behavior. Additionally, path analyses documented a pattern of thinking-feeling-action linkages. It was revealed that attributions regarding children’s behavior influenced negative affect and that negative affect in turn predicted maltreatment. Finally, the usefulness of a cognitive approach to maltreating mothers, and the implications of the findings as a model for intervention are discussed.

著者

生和 秀敏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.152-164, 1971-08-10 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1

著者

元吉 忠寛 高尾 堅司 池田 三郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.1, pp.72-77, 2004-04-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

10 15

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This study examined the determinants of willingness to participate in a community-based disaster preparedness scheme. The theory of reasoned action (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1977, 1980; Fishbein & AJzen, 1975) was applied as a basic model and was complemented by the factor of concern about disaster. A structural equation modeling was performed to validate this model. The hypothetical model was supported for the data from the residents (N=3036) of an area with a high risk of flood damage. It was clarified that the subjective norm and concern about flood positively contributed to the intention of participating in a community-based disaster preparedness scheme. The perceived cost of preparedness was the inhibitory factor of participating in such a scheme.