著者

荒田 洋治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.4, pp.330-330_1, 2013

著者

駒井 三千夫 後藤 知子 大日向 耕作 神戸 大朋 真柳 祐希 白川 仁

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.8, pp.1011-1016, 2018-08-01 (Released:2018-08-01)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 4

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We investigated the role of zinc in regulation of food intake using male SD rats during early-stage of zinc deficiency (the 3rd day of the feeding) without decreased zinc concentrations in tissues (hypothalamus and liver). As a result, we found that orally but not intraperitoneal administered zinc stimulates food intake in the short-term zinc-deficient rats. The mRNA expressions of hypothalamic peptides, such as orexin (OX) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), were increased after oral administration of zinc to increase food intake. Pretreatment with an antagonist for the NPY Y1 receptor or the orexin OX1 receptor blocked orexigenic activity by zinc administration. The stimulation of food intake by oral administration of zinc was also abolished by vagotomy. Taken together, our results indicate that zinc stimulates food intake in short-term zinc-deficient rats through the afferent vagus nerve followed by activating the hypothalamic peptide associated with food intake regulation. This study showed the first evidence that gastrointestinal zinc signal is indispensable for the food appetite induction in the experimentally anorexigenic rat. However, since it has not yet been clarified the mechanism involved in zinc sensing by the epithelial membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, further detailed investigations are necessary.

著者

大久保 正人 高橋 由佳 山下 純 高橋 秀依 宮田 興子 鈴木 貴明 石井 伊都子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.6, pp.745-755, 2017-06-01 (Released:2017-06-01)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

15 3

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Pharmacy education comprises basic pharmacy (organic chemistry, biochemistry, and physical chemistry) and applied pharmacy (clinical pharmacy, pharm aceutics, and chemical hygiene). Students are expected to apply these subjects studied in pharmacy school during their practical pharmacy training. However, knowledge gained in university does not appear to be fully utilized in practice. We hypothesized that this is due to a lack of connection between pre-practical training education and actual practical training. Thus, we conducted a questionnaire study among pharmacy students to verify this hypothesis. We sent a questionnaire to 601 students in their sixth year of the pharmacy course at Chiba University, Teikyo University, or Kobe Pharmaceutical University who had undergone long-term practical training. The questionnaire asked about the utility of each subject of study and the reason for the judgement regarding the utility. Four hundred and forty-two students replied (response rate, 73.5%). A small proportion of students found the basic pharmacy subjects useful: physical chemistry, 5%; organic chemistry, 10%; and biochemistry, 24%. In contrast, more than half of the students found the clinical pharmacy subjects useful: pharmacology, 85%; pharmaceutics, 55%; pathophysiology, 75%; pharmacotherapeutics, 84%; and pharmaceutical regulations, 58%. Analysis of the comments left in the free-description section on the questionnaire revealed that most students did not have any opportunity to use their knowledge of the basic subjects during practical training, and furthermore, did not learn the processes involving the use of such subjects to solve clinical problems. Universities and pharmacists need to collaborate so that students can learn such processes.

著者

綱川 延孝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.351-353, 1987-04-01 (Released:2018-08-26)

著者

渡邉 昭彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.6, pp.633_1-633_1, 2014

著者

泉 太郎 堀 里子 佐藤 宏樹 三木 晶子 澤田 康文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.132, no.5, pp.617-627, 2012 (Released:2012-05-01)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

3

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Aggravation of asthmatic response (asthmatic attack, 2 cases) and adverse events (tremor, 1 case) due to a switch from a brand-name tulobuterol tape to a generic tape were recently reported. These changes disappeared after reformulation from generic to the brand-name tape. To investigate this issue, we conducted a questionnaire survey on changes of asthmatic response, adverse events and product usability due to a switch between tulobuterol tapes. We identified 44 cases (18 from doctors, 26 from pharmacists) in which changes of asthmatic response or adverse events had occurred due to a switch between tulobuterol tapes. Aggravation of asthmatic response had occurred in 30 cases and adverse events in 21 cases due to switch from brand-name tulobuterol tape to generic tape. As regards change of product usability, we obtained 96 relevant responses (18 from doctors, 78 cases pharmacists), and the major response was that generic tulobuterol tape peeled off the skin more easily than did the brand-name tape (60 cases). These results suggest that changes of asthmatic response, adverse events and product usability should be carefully monitored when switching tulobuterol tapes.

著者

網井 秀樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.19-23, 2014 (Released:2016-02-01)

参考文献数

24

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有機フッ素化合物は,医薬,農薬,液晶材料,高分子材料など様々な産業分野で利用されている.特に,医薬開発において有機フッ素化合物が果たす役割は大きい.現在販売されている医薬品化合物のうちフッ素を含むものは約150種類に上り,全体の2割を占める.中でも,芳香族トリフルオロメチル化合物の利用は顕著である(図1).トリフルオロメチル基を有機分子に導入することにより,1)疎水性の向上,2)強い電子求引性,3)置換基としての特徴的な大きさ,4)酸化的代謝の抑制(強固なC-F結合)などが賦与できる.その結果,薬理効果の発現,生体内での吸収/輸送の改善,作用選択性の向上が期待できる.高度に官能基化された芳香族母核に対し,トリフルオロメチル基を直接導入する手法は,ドラッグ・スクリーニングや新規材料化合物開発等の観点から非常に有用である.本稿では,国内外で活発に研究が行われている芳香族トリフルオロメチル化反応についての研究動向を紹介する.

著者

細川 雅人 長谷川 成人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.7, pp.1021-1025, 2019-07-01 (Released:2019-07-01)

参考文献数

18

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Abnormal proteins such as tau or α-synuclein that accumulate in brains with dementia have been shown to propagate like prion proteins. However, the expression patterns of tau in the mouse brain are different from those in humans, and the pathogenesis in the animal model of abnormal tau propagation remains incompletely understood. To overcome this problem, a novel mouse showing tau expression patterns similar to those of humans was developed using genome editing techniques. We inoculated the brain of this mouse with a sarkosyl-insoluble fraction containing abnormal tau derived from tauopathy patients and examined the accumulation of tau pathologies. We also performed a detailed analysis of the relationship between the inoculation site and the sites where tau accumulates abnormally by histochemical and neuronal circuitry and elucidated the propagation mechanism of the abnormally accumulated protein. This research is expected to lead to the development of novel drugs for the treatment of dementia using the innovative approach of “inhibition of abnormal protein propagation”.

著者

東田 千尋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.9, pp.891-892, 2002

参考文献数

4

著者

三宅 貴子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.154-155, 2014 (Released:2016-04-05)

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効能効果:便秘成分分量:100g中,日局グリセリン50.0g,添加剤 ベンザルコニウム塩化物,溶液 精製水用法用量:12歳以上1回1個30gまたは40g,6歳以上12歳未満1回1個20g,1歳以上6歳未満1回1個10g,1歳未満1回10gの半量5gを直腸内に注入する.効果のみられない場合は,さらに同量をもう一度注入する.

著者

松島 英介 市倉 加奈子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.10, pp.984-988, 2017 (Released:2017-10-01)

参考文献数

24

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うつ病は男性に比べ女性に多い精神疾患であるが、これには生物学的、心理社会的、人為的要因が関係しているといわれている。また、女性のうつ病の臨床的特徴としては、非定型的症状が多かったり、疼痛などの身体症状や不安を多く訴えたり、精神運動制止や社会的役割における機能障害が目立つ。こうした女性のうつ病患者の薬物治療に際しては、体重増加、高プロラクチン血症、性機能障害などに注意し、Quality of Life(QOL)を念頭においた対応が必要である。

著者

井川 和宣 友岡 克彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.5, pp.411-415, 2020 (Released:2020-05-13)

参考文献数

13

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ケイ素は地球上に潤沢に存在し,かつ,炭素と同様に四面体構造を形成する.しかしながら,科学が進歩,多様化した現代においてもなお,ケイ素を含む医薬品(以下,ケイ素医薬品と称する)の開発研究はごく限られている.本稿では,これまでケイ素医薬品の開発が困難であった理由について論じるとともに,その問題の一つの解として我々が着目している「キラルケイ素分子の利用」を提唱し,また,不斉合成の実際と生物活性について紹介する.

著者

平田 純生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.132, no.4, pp.461-470, 2012 (Released:2012-04-01)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1

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The kidney is the most important organ for the excretion of drugs. It was previously thought that appropriate dosages of these drugs could be easily estimated by evaluating the kidney function of patients and the excretion rate of the drug. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of patients with kidney disease are as follows: 1) Active metabolites with a higher polarity can accumulate, which can induce unpredictable adverse effects. For example, over sedation with morphine or the development of the fatal toxic syndrome in the case of allopulinol are due to the accumulation of active metabolites derived from these drugs. 2) Although the renal excretion rate of acetoaminophen is only less than 5%, the accumulation of its glucuronide conjugate during multiple dosing in patients with kidney failure may induce high serum acetoaminophen trough levels via the entero-hepatic circulation. 3) Although the renal excretion rate of the drugs are negligible, a remarkable increase in the serum levels of certain drugs were observed in patients with end stage kidney disease, suggesting a significant reduction in non-renal clearance probably by the accumulation of uremic toxins. For drugs that are likely to be administered to patients with kidney disease, even including drugs that are not excreted by the kidney, a full pharmacokinetic study should be conducted in patients and the results carefully assessed. Information on dosing adjustments for impaired kidney function based on estimated glomerular filtration rates should then be clearly stated in the package insert of the drugs.

著者

池田 博昭 高本 彩音 池田 純子 河野 清尊 中妻 章 徳村 忠一 森 久美子 飯原 なおみ 芳地 一 二宮 昌樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.12, pp.1455-1462, 2020-12-01 (Released:2020-12-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2

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We investigated the success rates of eyedrop instillation and the distance between the cornea and the dropper tip in 100 volunteers using high-speed digital video recording. Past eyedrop adherence studies assumed that instillation occurred without failure. The ideal distance between the cornea and dropper tip remained unclear, although the general estimate was approximately 2.54 cm (1 inch). This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of all participating medical institutions, and all volunteers provided written, informed consent. Successful instillation was defined as when 1 drop fell accurately into the eye on the first attempt. The instillation of ≥2 drops or drops delivered outside the eye was considered a failure. The distance between the eye and dropper tip was measured using still images from a paused digital video camera and a digital ruler. Forty percent of the volunteers instilled eyedrops without instructions from ophthalmologists, pharmacists, or other healthcare workers. When the images were analyzed, the success rate of the first instillation was 70.1%. When the eye was arbitrarily divided into 9 sections, most of the drop sites were the iris or the center of the eye. The distance between the dropper tip and cornea was 2.62±1.75 (median 2.20) cm. These results indicate that the generally recommended distance is usually followed. The successful instillation rate based on the distance from the dropper tip to the cornea was 77% at 1.6±0.88 cm and 54.9% at 4.8±1.25 cm.

著者

飯田 理文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.5, pp.425-429, 2018 (Released:2018-05-01)

参考文献数

12

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高分子医薬品の中でも抗体医薬品は特徴的な薬物動態を示し、抗体と抗原の量的関係を考慮した薬物動態モデルが用いられる。両者の関係性は薬効にも関連しており、投与量の設定にも応用されている。これらについて理論的な背景と実例をもとに解説した。

著者

山口 由基

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.10, pp.1209-1214, 2017-10-01 (Released:2017-10-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

3

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Grapefruit juice (GFJ) consumption has been shown to increase the bioavailability of certain orally administered drugs. The furanocoumarin derivatives Paradisin A and bergamottin, which are present in GFJ, are potent mechanism-based inhibitors of CYP3A4. The primary aim of this work was to synthesize a series of furanocoumarin derivatives with a view to determining the relationship between the structure of the inhibitors and their inhibitory CYP3A4 activity. Furanocoumarin derivatives that were more stable and accessible than the furanocoumarin derivatives in GFJ were prepared, and their ability to inhibit CYP3A4 was examined. Synthesized furanocoumarin monomers showed strong mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4. The furanocoumarin dimers are also mechanism-based inhibitors of CYP3A4. These monomers and dimers are more potent inhibitors of CYP3A4 than bergamottin and Paradisin A, respectively.

著者

方 凌艶 國屋 敬章

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.10, pp.949-953, 2019 (Released:2019-10-01)

参考文献数

18

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ニューロンおよびグリア細胞を生み出す前駆細胞を神経幹細胞と呼ぶ.神経幹細胞は胎生中期に増殖・分化してニューロン新生を行い,胎生後期までに脳のほとんどのニューロンを生み終え,その後グリア細胞を生み出し始める.成体期の脳にも神経幹細胞が存在し,新たにニューロンを生み出している.胎生期の神経幹細胞が盛んに分裂するのに対して,成体期の神経幹細胞は稀にしか分裂しない.本稿では,この「分裂頻度の違い」に着目して両者の関係を解き明かした,最新の研究を紹介する.

著者

玉井 郁巳

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.7, pp.674-678, 2014 (Released:2016-09-17)

参考文献数

20

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医薬品の消化管吸収は血漿中濃度推移に直接的に影響するため,その変動は医薬品の作用・副作用を左右する.飲食物の作用を考えると,肝臓や腎臓など薬物動態を左右する他の組織に比べ,飲食物中成分が管腔内から直接作用し,しかも高濃度に存在する消化管が最も影響を受けやすい状態にある.小腸上皮細胞は薬物動態を決める薬物トランスポーター(輸送体)や薬物代謝酵素の発現が肝細胞と類似しており,相互作用の重大性が指摘されている肝臓と同様に小腸における相互作用を考慮しなければならない.消化管での医薬品と飲食物との相互作用はグレープフルーツジュース(以下,GFJ)の影響の大きさから注目を浴びている.すなわち,GFJは小腸上皮細胞内に存在する薬物代謝酵素CYP3A活性を低下させ,その基質薬物(被害を受けるという意味で以下victimと呼ぶ)となるカルシウムチャネルブロッカーなどの血漿中濃度が増大し,毒性が生じることが20年以上前に見いだされた.本相互作用の原因となるGFJ成分はフラノクマリン類であり,CYP3Aを不可逆的に阻害し,併用されたvictimの血漿中濃度を顕著に上昇させる.一方,相互作用の原因として薬物輸送体の関与も明確になった現在,医薬品の臨床開発における相互作用試験の必要性が指摘される消化管輸送体は,P-糖タンパク質(P-gp,ABCB1)とBreast Cancer Resistance Protein(BCRP,ABCG2)である.いずれも小腸上皮細胞管腔側膜に発現し,相互作用による活性低下はvictimの血漿中濃度増大につながる.したがって,相互作用を惹起する薬物(被害を与えるという意味で以下perpetratorと呼ぶ)の管腔中濃度Ciと阻害定数(KiあるいはIC50)に基づく相互作用評価が必要とされるに至っている.上述のような消化管の特徴を考慮すれば,フルーツジュース(以下,FJ)などの飲食物成分が小腸輸送体に対するperpetratorとなる可能性も十分考えられる.

著者

中川 公恵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.12, pp.1337-1341, 2013-12-01 (Released:2013-12-01)

参考文献数

20

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Natural vitamin K is found in two forms: a plant form, phylloquinone (PK) and bacterial forms, menaquinones (MKs). PK is a major form of dietary vitamin K; however, the most prevalent form of vitamin K in animals and humans is menaquinone-4 (MK-4). Despite its high concentrations, the origin of MK-4 is yet to be defined. It is postulated that PK is converted into MK-4 and accumulates in extrahepatic tissues. The molecular mechanisms for these conversion reactions have been unclear. To identify the MK-4 biosynthetic enzyme, we screened the human genome database for prenylation enzyme. We found UbiA prenyltransferase domain containing 1 (UBIAD1), a human homologue of Escherichia coli prenyltransferase menA. The short interfering RNA against the UBIAD1 gene inhibited the conversion of deuterium-labelled vitamin K derivatives into deuterium-labelled-MK-4 (MK-4-d7) in human cells. We confirmed that the UBIAD1 gene encodes an MK-4 biosynthetic enzyme through its expression and conversion of deuterium-labelled vitamin K derivatives into MK-4-d7 in insect cells infected with UBIAD1 baculovirus. UBIAD1 was localized in endoplasmic reticulum. Our results show that UBIAD1 is a human MK-4 biosynthetic enzyme. This identification will permit more effective decisions to be made about vitamin K intake and bone health.

著者

大谷 壽一 竹田 正幸 今田 結城 澤田 康文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.126, no.5, pp.349-356, 2006 (Released:2006-05-01)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

7 8

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Brand name confusion is one of the most common causes of drug-related errors. The aim of this study was to develop quantitative measures of similarity among brand names of drugs. We modified the fragmentary pattern-based measure, a measure of similarity for character strings based on the string resemblance system, to develop three novel measures of similarity, i.e., the head and tail-weighted fragmentary pattern-based measure (htfrag), visually weighted htfrag (vwhtfrag), and auditorily weighted htfrag (awhtfrag). The 227 pairs of brand names for which confusion errors have been reported were used as a positive control group. Ten sets of 2270 random pairs of brand names were generated as negative controls. Then we evaluated the measures developed by using the geometric mean of sensitivity and selectivity as an objective function, in comparison with two conventional measures of similarity based on the vector space model (cos1 and htco). The measures developed, htfrag, vwhtfrag, and awhtfrag, provided better discrimination with mean objective function values of 0.953, 0.962, and 0.940, respectively, which were higher than those for the conventional measures cos1 and htco (0.922 and 0.892, respectively). The rates of false-positives and false-negatives were 3.3—10.7% and 5.3—11.9% for cos1, respectively, while the rates for vwhtfrag were 4.8—5.9% and 2.2%, respectively. The measures of similarity developed may provide significant information to avoid drug-related errors associated with brand name confusion.