著者

石渡 小百合

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.8, pp.823, 2017 (Released:2017-08-01)

参考文献数

4

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自閉症スペクトラム症/自閉症スペクトラム障害(ASD)は,社会性や言語コミュニケーションの障害,反復行動を特徴とする多表現型の疾患である.これまでの双性児研究や家族間一致率の研究等から,ASDの発症には遺伝的要因が関与していると考えられている.一方,末梢から供給される分岐鎖アミノ酸(BCAA)は脳の活動に重要である.Novarinoらは,ASD,知的障害そして癲癇患者の中に,BCAAの分解を抑制的に制御するbranched chain keto-acid dehydrogenase kinase(BCKDK)遺伝子の変異を持っている患者がいること,彼らの末梢中BCAA濃度は低下していることを明らかにした.本稿では,BCAAを脳内に輸送するトランスポーターの変異が,ある種のASD病態に関与し,さらにBCAAの投与がそうした病態を改善する可能性があることを示したTarlungeanuらの報告を紹介する.なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.1) Bailey A. et al., Psychol. Med., 25, 63–77(1995).2) Zhao Z. et al., Cell, 163, 1064–1078(2015).3) Novarino G. et al., Science, 338, 394–397(2012).4) Tarlungeanu D. et al., Cell, 167, 1481–1494(2016).

著者

志摩 典明 佐々木 啓子 鎌田 徹 三木 昭宏 片木 宗弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.5, pp.705-713, 2019-05-01 (Released:2019-05-01)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

2 2

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Hair testing for drugs has been used extensively in the field of forensics since the 1990s as a means of obtaining firm evidence of drug ingestion. In addition to its longer detection windows, hair is the only specimen that can provide chronological information on individual drug use. Illicit drugs and hypnotics account for the majority of substances involved in crimes; they are usually analyzed to prove an addictive use or an exposure to drugs in drug-facilitated crimes. The mechanism of drug incorporation into hair has been intensively investigated to properly interpret the results of hair analysis. However, the exact mechanism remains under much discussion, despite the growing application of hair tests. Recently, the authors have applied matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging and sectional hair analysis of 1-mm segments using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for single-strand hair, to investigate the incorporation pathways of drugs into hair. Time-course changes in drug distribution along single-strand hair suggest that the incorporation of drugs occurs in two regions of the hair root, the hair bulb and the upper part of hair root, and suggest that incorporation from the hair bulb continues for about 2 weeks. Distribution profiles of different drugs in hair additionally revealed that the main incorporation pathway varies (i.e., via the hair bulb or the upper part of hair root) depending on the properties of the drug/metabolite. These findings should be taken into account upon discussing individual drug-use history based on the results of hair analysis.

著者

岡本 芳晴 菅波 晃子 田村 裕

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.11, pp.1042-1046, 2015 (Released:2018-08-26)

参考文献数

4

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我々は,患者(ヒト,コンパニオンアニマル等)に安全・安心な医療技術として,ナノテクノロジーによる高機能性医薬品と光テクノロジーによる医療機器を融合した非侵襲性医療システムを構築すべく研究開発を進めている.具体的には,インドシアニングリーン(ICG)の基本骨格にアルキル鎖またはリン脂質を修飾したICG誘導体を脂質二重膜に組み込んだリポソーム製剤,インドシアニングリーン修飾リポソーム(ICG-Lipo)を開発するとともに,ICG-Lipoによるドラッグデリバリーシステム(DDS)と近赤外線診断治療装置を併用することにより,乳がんの早期発見を可能にする「非侵襲性同定法」,外科手術が不可能な症例に対する「非侵襲性治療法」,末期がん患者に対する「質の高い緩和医療」等の創生に取り組んでいる.ICGを用いたがん治療に関しては,獣医領域において,鳥取大・岡本らによる先駆的な試みがある.具体的には,表在性がんを対象にがん組織に少量の抗がん剤を含有するICG溶液を局注後,光照射(光線温熱化学療法)を行ってきた.一方ICGを血管内に投与した場合,血漿タンパク質と速やかに結合し,肝実質細胞に取り込まれて胆汁に排泄される.そのため,センチネルリンパ節や腫瘍組織を特異的かつ長時間にわたって同定することが困難であり,深部のがんに対しては有効な診断・治療法には至らなかった.千葉大・田村らは,ICGの血中半減期を改善するとともに,センチネルリンパ節や腫瘍組織への特異的集積と長期間繋留を可能とするリポソーム製剤としてICG-Lipoを開発した.さらに,医薬品としてのICG-Lipoと医療機器としての近赤外線診断治療装置を併用した非侵襲性医療システムとして,非侵襲性同定法ならびに光線力学温熱療法を構築してきた.しかしながら,ヒト医療への承認段階において高い壁に行く手を阻まれていた.その後,鳥取大・岡本らは,千葉大・田村らからICG-Lipoの供給を受けることにより,近赤外線治療装置を併用したがん治療に関する検討を実験動物を用いて2011年1月より開始し,その安全性と有効性を確認した.また,「産学連携コンソーシアム:鳥取大・千葉大・民間動物病院・飛鳥メディカル・東京医研・立山マシン」を2013年9月に形成し,コンパニオンアニマルを対象とした獣医師主導型臨床試験による診断・治療を実施するに至っている.

著者

山崎 浩史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.11, pp.1106, 2013-11-01 (Released:2016-09-26)

著者

江頭 かの子 北原 隆志 柏木 香 樋口 則英 中嶋 幹郎 一川 暢宏 佐々木 均

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.126, no.11, pp.1155-1161, 2006-11-01 (Released:2006-11-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

5 5

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Antimicrobial agents sometimes cause the adverse effects of diarrhea and loose stool. Antibiotic-resistant lactic acid bacteria are used to prevent these adverse effects. The bacteria are not resistant to several antimicrobial agents, although the bacterium preparations are sometimes prescribed the antimicrobial agents concomitantly. Therefore this paper reports that the minimal inhibitory concentration of three new antimicrobial agents against antibiotic-resistant lactic acid bacteria were determined using a microdilution method with cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth. Furthermore, we investigated antimicrobial agents that are prescribed concomitantly with antibiotic-resistant lactic acid bacterium preparations or a clostridium butyricum preparation. The bacteria were susceptible to the three new antimicrobial agents. Approximately 50% of the bacterium preparations were prescribed alone, and 30% were prescribed concomitantly with antimicrobial agents that show antimicrobial activity against the bacteria. Consequently, we suggest that pharmacists need to confirm prescriptions and to provide more drug information on antibiotic-resistant lactic acid bacterium preparations.

著者

荒木 良太

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.61, 2021 (Released:2021-01-01)

参考文献数

1

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脳と腸は,自律神経系や液性因子(ホルモンやサイトカインなど)を介して密に関連していることが知られている.近年,次世代シーケンサーを用いたメタゲノム解析法の登場により,ヒトの腸内細菌叢の実態が明らかになってきた.このことから,脳と腸だけでなく腸内細菌叢を加えた「脳-腸-腸内細菌叢軸」という概念が提唱され,腸内細菌叢の包括的な解析による中枢神経系疾患の病態メカニズムの解明が期待されている.こうした背景から本稿では,メタゲノム解析とバイオインフォマティクスツールにより,統合失調症患者の腸内細菌叢を包括的に解析したZhuらの論文を紹介する.なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.1) Zhu F. et al., Nat. Commun., 11, 1612(2020).

著者

下村 裕子 指田 豊 大島 行雄 我妻 禎 斎藤 昌彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.11, pp.1164-1166, 1980-11-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

5 5

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Scopoletin, protocatechualdehyde, ethyl and methyl caffeate and phytosterols were isolated from stems and leaves of Artemisia apiacea HANCE (Compositae).

著者

佐藤 勇二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.10, pp.1006-1008, 2014 (Released:2016-09-30)

参考文献数

10

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一般名:イソソルビド薬価収載日:2005年7月8日

著者

中垣 正幸 嶋林 三郎 早川 栄治 小槻 節

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.6, pp.618-627, 1979-06-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

5 3

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The amounts of both Ca2+ and Na+, x and y, respectively, bound to C-type chondroitin sulfate (Chs) from an aqueous solution of CaCl2 mixed with NaCl were obtained by the membrane equilibrium method. To estimate x and y under the effect of the Donnan equilibrium, [Ca2+] and [Cl-] for both sides of the dialysing tube and [Chs] for the inner side were analysed. The binding isotherm for Ca2+ was of the Langmuir type, and both x and kCa2+, the binding constant for Ca2+, decreased with ionic strength, J. On the other hand, the binding isotherm for Na+ was not of the Langmuir type but its shape was explained as the competitive adsorption of the two components, Na+ and Ca2+, because Ca2+ binds more strongly to Chs than Na+ and, therefore, the effect of coexistence of Ca2+ with Na+ cannot be neglected when the Na+ binding is examined. It was also suggested that y and kNa+ decreases with J when the amount of the occupied site by the Ca2+ is kept constant at x. The degree of the ionization, z, of Chs was found to be 0.40-0.41 for Na2Chs and 0.20-0.21 for CaChs by this membrane equilibrium method assuming x+y+z=1. These values coincide with those obtained from the vapour pressure osmometry by the authors and with the literature values calculated with considering the Manning theory.

著者

木村 和子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.2, pp.195-196, 2014 (Released:2014-02-01)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

輪島 丈明 中南 秀将 青木 沙恵 瀨山 翔史 野口 雅久

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.1, pp.135-142, 2021-01-01 (Released:2021-01-01)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1

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Environmental microorganisms can cause several infections in humans, especially in compromised hosts. Since there are many compromised hosts in a hospital setting, it is important to control environmental pathogens in such scenarios. To disinfect the environment, photocatalysts that produce reactive oxygen in response to light have attracted attention. In the present study, the effects of a visible-light-driven antimicrobial photocatalyst, silver (I) iodide and benzalkonium complex, on bacteria, viruses, and fungi were evaluated in vitro. In addition, uncoated panels and panels coated with the photocatalyst were set up at 11 points in a university campus for 6 months, and the adherent bacteria and fungi were measured. Bacteria, bacterial spores, viruses, and fungi were completely inactivated within 45 min on the photocatalyst-coated surface exposed to approximately 700-lux fluorescent light. In the university setting, there were fewer viable adherent bacteria and fungi on the coated plates. Our findings indicate that the silver (I) iodide and benzalkonium complex photocatalyst can decrease environmental bacteria in vitro and in actual environmental settings, and thus highlight its potential in controlling and disinfecting environmental pathogens.

著者

石丸 博雅 津田 泰正 景 秀典 河野 友昭 高山 慎司 森元 能仁 後藤 一美 渡部 一宏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.1, pp.143-150, 2021-01-01 (Released:2021-01-01)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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Occupational exposure to anticancer drugs may increase the risk of cancer and the risk of miscarriage and stillbirth, and cause other adverse events such as hypersensitivity reactions, skin/mucous reactions, and digestive symptoms. Several studies have investigated the use of closed-system drug-transfer devices (CSTDs) to reduce the environmental pollution by hazardous drugs. However, few reports have verified whether CSTDs contain the hazardous drugs within the vials. The BD PhaSealTM System is a CSTD that is frequently used in Japan. However, the fit of each anti-cancer drug vial has not been investigated. We investigated the fit of 71 major anti-cancer drug vials and protectors released and frequently used in Japan by means of a pressure compatibility test that we developed. The pressure compatibility test involved attaching a three-way stopcock to a Luer lock syringe and attaching an injector in line with the syringe. The pressure tubing was connected to the other side of the three-way stopcock and connected to the pressure inlet of the pressure gauge. The pressure in the anti-cancer drug vial was raised to 100 kPa and connected/disconnected repeatedly. If the pressure fluctuation during the 10th connection was within 6%, it was defined as “no change”, and the compatibility of the protector and the vial was evaluated. The median pressure reduction rates at the 10th connection ranged from −1.98% to −4.95%. All drugs surveyed had an error rate within 6%. The BD PhaSealTM Protector was shown to be compatible with the 71 anti-cancer drugs we surveyed.

著者

船橋 誠

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.11, pp.1077-1081, 2012-11-01 (Released:2016-12-16)

著者

松居 隆 大塚 幸 酒井 浄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.10, pp.825-837, 2000-10-01 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

4 11

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One century has passed since fugu toxin was named tetrodotoxin (TTX) by Tahara. Chemical problems such as crystallization of tetrodotoxin and subsequent structure determination were solved by research groups headed by Tsuda, Hirata, Woodward, and Mosher. The International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products in Kyoto (1964) was well known as symposium which the structure of TTX was internationally clarified. Since the first isolation of toxin from taricha torosa (imori) as natural source except for fugu fishes, distribution of toxin in nature has been widely investigated. And, it was proved that toxin is not produced by fugu fishes, but rather is formed by sea bacteria (30 sp.) such as Alteromonas sp, Vibrio sp, Shewanella. However, it seems to be difficult to explain the tetrodotoxin accumulation at high concentration in fugu by only toxin production by bacteria. TTX analogues were isolated from natural origins such as crabs, fish, annelids, and algae. Based on the structure of these toxin analogues, the biosynthesis of toxin and the structure-activity relationship (Na+ channel) were proposed by Yasumoto-Yamashita. The findings of wide distribution of toxin in nature may be attributed to development of highly sensitive detection method for toxin. The interesting proposal for the biosynthesis and the structure activity, and the detection method for toxin are outlined in this review.

著者

原 宏和

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.8, pp.1199-1205, 2007-08-01 (Released:2007-08-01)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

4 4

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NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, is involved in the expression of numerous detoxifying and antioxidant genes via the antioxidant response element (ARE). Keap1, a cytoplasmic protein, sequesters Nrf2 in the cytoplasm under normal conditions. Various stimuli, including electrophiles and oxidative stress, liberate Nrf2 from Keap1, allowing Nrf2 to translocate into the nucleus and to bind to the ARE. Recently, there is increasing evidence that compounds that stimulate the activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway may become useful therapeutic drugs for neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress. Apomorphine (Apo), a dopamine D1/D2 receptor agonist, is used for clinical therapy of Parkinson's disease. On the other hand, Apo is a potent radical scavenger and has protective effects on oxidative stress-induced cell death. We previously reported that pretreatment of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with Apo enhanced the protective effects. In addition, we have recently demonstrated that Apo stimulates the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus and the transactivation of the ARE. Our findings suggest that not only the function as a radical scavenger, but also the function as an Nrf2-ARE pathway activator may be involved in the neuroprotective effects of Apo on oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death. In this review, our recent studies on the mechanism underlying Apo-induced neuroprotection are summarized.

著者

涌井 袈裟參 平井 文代

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.10, pp.401-405, 1941-10-26 (Released:2009-10-21)

参考文献数

5

著者

斎藤 芳郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.9, pp.870-872, 2013

著者

後藤 佐多良

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.3, pp.407-410, 2020-03-01 (Released:2020-03-01)

参考文献数

6

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As a teacher of biochemistry in a school of pharmacy, a basic subject in pharmacist education, I try to include applied topics such as the biochemical mechanisms of diseases and side effects of medicines in relation to basic knowledge of biochemistry for advanced subjects that students will learn in later years. In aging societies, many people visiting community pharmacies are elderly who tend to have health concerns other than diseases diagnosed by physicians. If asked, community pharmacists should be able to give advice on potential problems patients might have, in addition to giving explanations of medicines prescribed. Basic subjects covered in university pharmacy courses should be the most useful in such community settings.

著者

榊 利之 安田 佳織 西川 美宇 生城 真一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.3, pp.357-363, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-03-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 9

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Sesamin, derived from sesame seeds, is known to have various biological effects. Since some of these effects appear to be derived from its metabolites, the elucidation of sesamin metabolism is essential to understanding the molecular mechanism of its effects. In addition, it is important to clarify drug-sesamin interactions in order to address safety concerns, as some food factors are known to affect drug metabolism. Our previous studies revealed that sesamin was sequentially metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase or sulfotransferase. Whereas sesamin metabolism is mainly mediated by CYP2C9 in human liver, sesamin causes a mechanism-based inhibition (MBI) of CYP2C9. However, we found that the metabolite-intermediate complex between CYP2C9 and sesamin was unstable, and the effects of sesamin appeared to be minimal. To confirm this assumption, in vivo studies using rats were conducted. After the administration of sesamin to rats for 3 d, diclofenac (an NSAID) was administered to measure the time course of plasma concentration of diclofenac. No significant differences were observed in the diclofenac Cmax, Tmax, and AUC0-24 h between the group that was administered sesamin and the group that was not. Based on these results, it could be concluded that no significant interaction occurs in people who take sesamin supplements at a standard dose.

著者

横谷 馨倫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.7, pp.708, 2015 (Released:2017-03-22)

参考文献数

3

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様々な健康効果をうたったハーブやダイエタリーサプリメント(herb and dietary supplements:HDS)の利用が世界中で広がっており,日本でもその利用が増えている.HDSに添加されているハーブの原材料は,植物の根や茎,葉などであるが,有効成分ならびにその含有量は,利用された植物の部位,生育した産地や収穫時期により異なる.そのためHDSの安全性は,製品としても原材料としても十分に検証されているとは言い難く,近年のHDS利用者の増加に伴い,健康被害の報告も増えている.多くの消費者は「HDSは天然・自然で安心・安全,体によい」との思いから,HDSを安易に利用しているが,実際,誤った植物部位の使用,有害物質,農薬,重金属,医薬品成分の混入などによる健康被害の事例が報告されている.今回は,この10年間でHDS摂取による肝障害が7%から20%に増加したという,安易なHDS摂取に警鐘を鳴らす,最近の研究結果を紹介する.なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.1) Gershwin M. E. et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1190, 104-117 (2010).2) van Breemen R. B. et al., Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 87, 509S-513S (2008).3) Navarro V. J. et al., Hepatology, 60, 1399-1408 (2014).