著者

村松 美邑 後藤 春彦 山村 崇 林 廷玟

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.813, pp.3018-3029, 2023-11-01 (Released:2023-11-01)

参考文献数

24

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This paper aims to present the structure of landscape interpretation and reconsider the concept of landscape by depicting the process by which landscape emerges as observer-specific “meaning”. For this purpose, we will focus on the existence of “knowledge,” which is said to have the function of directing human consciousness and encouraging the assignment of meaning, and grasp the relationship between its reality and landscape interpretation. By approaching the reality of “knowledge” and structurally understanding the interpretation of landscape, we empirically demonstrated that landscape as a phenomenon is momentarily “constructed” by the observer and that “environmental knowledge” drives it.

著者

黒田 泰介

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.766, pp.2629-2638, 2019 (Released:2019-12-30)

参考文献数

13

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This paper aims to clarify the architectural characteristics of the Third howitzer platform in the remains of the Chiyogasaki Battery, the Tokyo Bay Fortress based on the results of the measurement survey using the three-dimensional laser scanning. The Chiyogasaki Battery (completed in 1895) is a Coastal Battery in the Meiji era set up against the invasion of enemy ships to Uraga Channel, the entrance of the Tokyo Bay and to support the southern side of the Kannonzaki Battery, the core of the Tokyo Bay Fortress. The Chiyogasaki Battery was composed of three platforms: Howitzer platform for the sea front defense, Cannon and Mortar platform for the land front defense of Kurihama beach. After the Second World War the abandon battery was transformed into a pig farm. Thereafter the site was purchased by Japan-Self Defense Force and it was reused as the Naval transmission station (1960-2010). The platforms were filled up but JSDF reclaimed the second gun platform at the time of withdrawal (2013). The Chiyogasaki battery was designated as the National Historic Site in 2015 and Yokosuka city, the site administrator unearthed the Third gun platform (2018). At that moment there was no academic research on the Third howitzer platform and the author’s survey became the first one. The Chiyogasaki Battery remains the original design and structure: the retaining walls built of cut Tuff stones (Bosyu-ishi) using an Bluff bond, the brick wall in English bond, the use of clinker bricks for open-air part and the barrel vaults in concrete. These are valuable examples of the progress of the modern fortification in Japan and also these have the important values in the history of Japanese architecture and civil engineering. In this paper, I clarified the historical background and the outline of the Tokyo Bay Fortress and the Chiyogasaki battery. Then I verified the feature of the Third howitzer platform referring the precise drawings and the cross section perspectives made from the Point cloud of 3D scan data. These drawings clearly visualize the total composition of the underground structure of the Chiyogasaki Battery. With these drawings I verified the architectural characteristics such as the plan of the third platform, the configuration of the two howitzer emplacements, shell rooms on the retaining wall built in Bluff bond and the connection with the upper corridor and the munitions depot for the Third howitzer platform. The cross section perspectives also explains the shell transportation system of the shells at the Third howitzer platform through two lift holes and the carriage rails on both side of upper corridor. Especially I examined the unearthed structure of the second gun emplacement: the round pit (diameter 5.89m) on the concrete slab and the octagon basement made of the cut Andesite blocks. I superimposed the plan of the base plate of howitzer on the basement and I found the deviation (208mm) between the center of the howitzer’s basement and the round pit. The deviation and the size of the round pit allow the gun the very limited rotatable range (83.24°, Azimuth 151.51° - 234.75°) to the direction sight. Showing the firing range of the 28 cm howitzer on the second gun emplacement, I clarified the firing system of the Third howitzer platform and I considered the role of the howitzer platforms for sea front shooting.

著者

辻 槙一郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.813, pp.3101-3112, 2023-11-01 (Released:2023-11-01)

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This study analyzes the design process of the Imperial Theater through an analysis of its stage and auditorium. The style of the Imperial Theater’s stage was taken from the Kabuki Theater, and the Hanamichi was initially a permanent Hon-Hanamichi, but was gradually converted to a temporary structure. The Imperial Theater has been described as the first example of the use of chair seating, but the majority of the theater used floor-seating style in combination with seating that did not have compartmentalization devices.

著者

増田 光弘

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.812, pp.808-817, 2023-10-01 (Released:2023-10-01)

参考文献数

10

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The floating disaster prevention house (FDPH) was proposed, and conclusions about its disaster prevention performance were obtained as follows from this study.1. The floating unit can perform the floating performance regardless of the slit position and the slit area of the flood wall, flow velocity and elevating speed of the water level.2. The floating behavior of the floating unit can be reduced at the start of floating by setting up the clearance between the bottom of the flood wall and the floating unit.3. FDPH is expected to be less susceptible to fluid pressure and drifting objects.

著者

山田 悟史 大野 耕太郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.759, pp.1323-1331, 2019 (Released:2019-05-30)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

7 7

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This research is a basic study on utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) by applying deep learning to the fields of architecture and urban design.  In recent years, the use of budding technologies, such as deep learning, has increased in the field of architecture and urban design. While this technology has potential in various fields, this study focuses on learning and deduction of sensibility evaluation and impression of design. Needless to say, the relationship of design with sensibility and impression is important, and the design heightens sensibility and impressions. However, the causal relationship of quantitative representation (feature value) and feature value of design with impression is complex and is characteristically difficult to deduce. Such a characteristic is a property similar to fields where deep learning has been successfully used. It is, therefore, thought that AI using deep learning could be applicable. As mentioned, this research examines the budding properties of AI that deduce “street names and desire to visit” based on city landscapes. Specifically, the “desire/no-desire to visit (classification)” and “degree of desire to visit” are deduced, and as constituents of image consciousness, street names are also classified (21 classes).  The object of the study and the city landscapes were prepared from 21 streets selected from a large city and sightseeing information. The images for city landscapes were obtained from street view on Google Earth to ensure that these images were not of any one building, ground, or sky. A total of 2,100 images, 100 for each street, were considered.  Deduction AI with high precision was first successfully developed to deduce “classification of street names (21 classes)”. Its precision was approximately 86% for the F-value with a K-coefficient of 0.8508 (p-value = 1.6e-15). Next, for the classification, deduction AI with high conformity with desire/no-desire to visit criteria of test subjects was successfully prepared. Its precision had a K-coefficient of 0.8920 (p-value = 2.2e-15). Further, for deducing degree of desire, there was little difference in the degree of desire to visit between test subjects, and AI permitting deduction with high correlation was successfully developed. For its precision, the effect size of Wilcoxon’s signed rank test (test of paired nonparametric data) was 0.18, and Spearman’s rank correlation was 0.7564 (p-value = 0.0005742). Finally, to generalize the methodology of AI using deep learning, the 95% confidence interval that considered 100 kinds of AI developed using this method was confirmed to be small. Specifically, the effect size did not exceed 0.2 (a threshold value indicating small effect size) and did not fall below 0.6 (a threshold value indicating high correlation). Under the experimental conditions of this study, the AI developed using deep learning can be described as a method that presents generality in the degree of precision.  From the perspective of the experimental conditions of the study and usage, a successful impression deduction AI for city landscapes with good precision is developed. This provides the first step in systematically organizing and investigating the hitherto unstudied budding potential of deep learning in the fields of architecture and urban design.

著者

近藤 正一 早瀬 幸彦 麓 和善 若山 滋

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.488, pp.203-210, 1996-10-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

11

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We surveyed "Shinsenju", "Shinsansui", "Ginpa", and the other remained buildings of Nakamura Yukaku, in order to analyze the characteristics of city planning and modern architecture in the age of Taisho to Early Showa which germinate modern urban thought. The urban planning is modernistic although follow basic urban structure of historic Yukaku, in consideration of anti-disaster, hygiene, etc. The floor plan of almost all buildings is typed 3 patterns according to functional matters on urban planning. "Shinsenju" and "Shinsansui" which are Japanese style have adopted western style everywhere, while "Ginpa" which is western style have been sukiya style at the interior.

著者

崎山 俊雄 飯淵 康一 永井 康雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.542, pp.213-220, 2001-04-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

被引用文献数

2 2

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In the present paper, we investigated how the supply-system of residence, of navy have developed into standardization and how the planning of them have altered through the Meiji era. The result can be summarized as follows: (a) In each naval Chinjyufu, the residence was provided in accordance with, its own standard in Meiji era. (b) In 1914, connection between the name of residence and the rank of resident was standardized all over the ministry. (c) The plan of them shows that the scale increases more, the formality grows more. (d) The plan of a middle class' s residence which built in the latter half of Meiji era shows not only the formality but also the gradual increase in scale of space for the family.

著者

奥冨 利幸

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.623, pp.213-219, 2008-01-30 (Released:2008-10-31)

参考文献数

2

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This paper analyzes the Noh space which set up at exhibitions of early Meiji era, including its relationship with the distinguished guest such as the Emperor Meiji or the royalty arrival. Noh space was not established at all of the exhibitions, so I take up the Kyoto, Osaka exhibition and Kanazawa, Nagoya museum where the Noh spaces were able to confirm. I analyze the layout of Noh space at the exhibitions, its spatial structure and the erection process. I examine the significance of exhibition from the angle of entertainment establishment which was never picked up. There is a characteristic at the point that used the newspaper articles to develop the process of the establishment of Noh space.

著者

佐藤 百香 阿部 拓也 山田 協太

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.810, pp.2348-2359, 2023-08-01 (Released:2023-08-01)

参考文献数

26

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This paper clarifies the spatial composition and formation history of a Theravada Buddhist temple, Wat Paknam Japan Branch, which is a focal point of daily lives of Thai originated dwellers, and the relationship between the temple and them through on-site surveys. By considering land and facilities, Thai-Japanese mixed characteristics of the temple are clarified. Buddhist concept of merit was the key of temple expansion. Then, by considering movement route and activities within facilities it is clarified that temple is used by eight types of peoples with different purposes and degrees of overlap between their dwelled enviroment and temple differ.

著者

吉野 良祐

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.809, pp.2188-2196, 2023-07-01 (Released:2023-07-01)

参考文献数

9

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the early work of Nakamura Tatsutaro (1860–1942) titled Elementary Architecture. This study attempts to analyze it in terms of three aspects: architectural education, the publisher, and its translation. Nakamura wrote this book with the aim of training mid-career architectural engineers, and it was published by his father's publishing company. Nakamura translated books from overseas and wrote a series of articles as a draft in the Journal of Architecture in Japan, which he edited himself. This is a distinctive example of the process of accepting Western architecture in the Meiji period.

著者

古山 周太郎 清水 春花

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.807, pp.1702-1710, 2023-05-01 (Released:2023-05-01)

参考文献数

6

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This study investigated a non-profit housing support organization and aimed to clarify the actual situation and issues around efforts to prolong the residence of people who need special consideration to secure housing. The research method consisted of a questionnaire survey to 218 non-profit housing support organizations nationwide and an interview survey.In conclusion, the importance of comprehensive support by non-profit housing support organizations has become clear. Such comprehensive support measures included wide-ranging support initiatives, a support system involving various organizations and of different durations, and a support period that encompasses the time between moving in and moving out.

著者

和田 康由 寺内 信

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.486, pp.167-176, 1996-08-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2 3

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This paper will show what the condition of workers' houses in the suburbs of Osaka were like by examining the work of Juntaro Yamaoka. He made various contributions to the business world in Kansai. When he became the eighth president of Osaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry in 1917, he established Osaka Jutaku Keiei Co. Ltd., which was responsible for housing development in and around Osaka City. Senriyama Estate and Tanabe-cho Estate were developed by 0. J. K. Co. Ltd. He could succeed in building the Japanese Garden City at Senriyama. But O. J. K. Co. Ltd. did not continue housing management, because of business crisis. As a result, it was dissolved in 1928.

著者

市川 春香 後藤 春彦 山村 崇

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.808, pp.1950-1960, 2023-06-01 (Released:2023-06-01)

参考文献数

26

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This study focused on outdoor advertisements in Kawagoe City, Saitama Prefecture, that are not explicitly defined as norms, but have implicit rules based on the “sense of appropriateness” of people who are involved in urban development. In this study, the factors of the “sense of appropriateness” and the process of cultivating it were clarified. As a result, nine types and evaluation criteria based on the “sense of appropriateness” for the signage design were identified. In addition, the “sense of appropriateness” has been fostered through community development activities and has been changing with the times.

著者

小林 久高 釜床 美也子 安高 尚毅

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.743, pp.21-31, 2018 (Released:2018-01-30)

参考文献数

17

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Japan is a country surrounded by seas and has abundant marine resources. Therefore, there are various hut for fishery along coast. Boathouse "Funagoya" is one of them, and is a hut to put a small wooden ship inside. There are a lot of boathouses in Oki Islands. A purpose of this study is to confirm the present conditions of the boathouse in Oki Islands. At first, we confirmed the distribution of boathouses. Then, we performed hearing investigation about the placement and made a survey of representative boathouses. Thereafter, we considered about relationship between boathouse and climate, occupations and local culture. We found new boathouses in 3 villages, and confirmed that there were boathouses in old days in 16 villages. There are few boathouses in northwest area of Okinoshima-cho, where we can see many cliffs. And, it became clear that there are many boathouses in areas rich economically in old days. We classified location of the boathouse into 3 types. Then, we checked placement and the possession relations of boathouses in Iibi village having representative landscape. We confirmed that boathouses protect wind from sea. And it was revealed that the tendency of the owner is different from the east side of the Iibi River in the west. We classified the form of the boathouse into 4 types. And we showed the difference of type and constructional element, by comparing all boathouses. Continuous type boathouses have long span in beam direction, and solo type boathouses have long span in ridge direction. The length 1-ken of solo type is bigger than continuous type. In areas where the length of ridge direction is big, they make walls to village side and make space for storage. Villagers built boathouses by themself. They made boathouses with miscellaneous small trees and scrap woods of houses. Pillar of boathouse was buried in the ground, roof was made with the peel of cedar. We investigated five representative boathouses, and clarified the details of the building method of boathouses. Solo type boathouses are made with many logs. Continuous type boathouses are made with square timbers and joint metals. Most of continuous type boathouses are new and are built by public fund. And one of them is made with traditional method of “Zairai-kouhou”using ground sill. Almost all boathouses are not in use now, and seaside landscape with boathouses is disappearing. But, boathouses are local precious cultural resources, and have high value as tourist attractions. It will be important to preserve and utilize them.

著者

吉野 博 長谷川 兼一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.507, pp.13-19, 1998-05-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

4 5

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The indoor thermal environment, air quality and occupant behavior in well-insulated and airtight houses in and around Tohoku district are investigated through questionnaire and field measurement. This report describes the results from the questionnaire survey conducted in summer of 1993 and winter of 1994, and thermal environment of 16 well-insulated and airtight houses in Morioka and Sendai by the field measurement in winter and summer of 1994. The number of houses investigated by the questionnaire survey is about 350. The well-insulated and airtight houses investigated have mechanical ventilation system and space heating system for a whole house. The main findings are as follows: 1. Indoor environment during the heating season of almost houses is thermally comfortable, compared with that of existing house in Japan. 2. The houses provide a comfortable indoor environment and also have a good influence on occupant' health. However, there are some problems related to dry feeling, which should be investigated in future. 3. During the summer, the room temperatures are stable compared with the change of the outdoor temperature in the day, but it doesn't decrease at night even if the outdoor temperature drops. It is possible to improve the indoor environment by cross ventilation with opening windows or night time ventilation.

著者

菅野 圭祐 沖津 龍太郎 佐藤 滋

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.731, pp.141-151, 2017 (Released:2017-01-30)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

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It is observed that the urban compositions of pre-modern Japanese Castle Towns were built in harmony with rich diversities in Nature. This research is done by analysing the urban planning of the middle age cities built by Nanbu Clan. These Nanbu cities appeared with unobstructed views of the sacred mountains; the town installations were placed on the concentric circle line in which the Iwakura Rock appeared as the concentric centre. These castle towns in Nanbu Region in Tohoku are believed to be planned in symbiosis with Nature; yet, the exact motivation behind such planning phenomenon is not scientifically evident and justifiable. In order to, thus, discover their planning intensions, these worshipping objects in the Region shall be listed, and their relations with the urban compositions may be objectively tackled and grasped. This research is based on the hypothesis that the town distributions were planned to correspond with the sacred mountains and Iwakura Rocks in the region; it concerns itself with how the urban planning of Morioka and Hachinohe, both pre-modern castle towns built by Sannohe-Nanbu the head house, were affected by the following three aspects: 1) the street composition as the urban framework, 2) the deployment of major facilities, and 3) the locations of Nanbu Clan temples. This investigation is verified by means of GIS. First, the city main streets that set up the urban framework may be classified into two types: the axis and the fluctuation with the vista to the mountains. From the axis type of main street and the main portion of the fluctuation type of main street as well, the object mountain appears with unobstructed view of sacred mountain top. All the side streets are either parallel or perpendicular to either type of main street. In Morioka Castle Town, the Eboshiiwa Iwakura the worshipping object is located on the intersection point where the extension line of the Ohte Street, the highway that links the castle gate, meets the extension line of the Ohshu main street. Both Ohte and Ohshu intersect each other in 60° of angle. Second, this paper tackles the special phenomenon of Morioka castle town, treating the sacred Iwakura Rock as the centre of the concentric circle on which the major installations were placed on the circumference; further, from the northeast angle of the Iwakura, the temples that guards the northeast Demon's gate was built; moreover, a castle gate was built near the Iwakura and the moat was constructed with the bended portion to be adjacent to the Iwakura. All these are verified. Third, these areas that were built with the high-ranked temples which were related with Nanbu Clan are studied; this research tries to verify the vista from the town streets and the entrance paths of the temples that were related to Nanbu-daimyō to the sacred object mountains like Mount Nansho and Mount Hayachine. Basing on the above, the specific interrelation between the urban compositions of pre-modern castle towns and the religious objects in the regions of Nanbu Sovereign could be manifested. Since the Middle Age, the Nanbu Clan has ruled the Nanbu Region and bonded to the aboriginal culture in the Tohoku of Japan; their urban planning of town distribution were processed with respect to their religious objects - Sacred Mountains and Iwakura Rocks - can be reasonably verified.

著者

藤井 香菜子 新井 遥 若林 航也 深和 佑太 戸邉 亮司 永井 拓生 中川 純 田辺 新一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.802, pp.895-906, 2022-12-01 (Released:2022-12-01)

参考文献数

35

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Partial insulation retrofitting is an effective method for improving thermal insulation in existing houses as its construction cost is lower than that of total insulation retrofitting. This study aimed to clarify the actual conditions of the thermal environment in partially insulated retrofitted houses in summer and winter. Furthermore, the size of insulated areas and heating methods were examined from perspective of energy consumption and health. Field surveys on indoor environments were conducted in an actual partially insulated retrofitted house in Chiba prefecture. Subsequently, we show the effects of different insulation areas and heating methods on energy consumption and health.

著者

磯部 大吾郎 江口 正史 今西 健介 佐々木 嗣音

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.612, pp.73-78, 2007-02-28 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3 2

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A controlled explosion technique using high explosives has been developed in recent years. Although the blast demolition technique increases work efficiency, it poses a high risk of damaging neighboring buildings, especially in urban areas. It also requires high levels of knowledge and experience, which are very difficult for general engineers to master. To familiarize the demolition technique among engineers, numerical assumptions using computational analysis in devising the blast demolition have become essential in ensuring the success of this technique. One of the objectives of this study is to perform some blast demolition analyses of framed structures using a dynamic finite element code, whose validity against impact collapse problems of large-scale structures has recently been developed and verified. Another objective of this study is to develop a mimic demolition experimental system that uses magnetic devices to express member fracture caused by explosion. The magnetic field of the devices is controlled by a blast interval controller and power switches, which control the binding of each connection in the framed structure. The experimental system does not use explosives or any such dangerous substances, and multicycle use is possible. An experiment is carried out to compare quantitatively with the numerical result.

著者

丸山 翔永 森 太郎 大柳 佳紀

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.764, pp.911-918, 2019 (Released:2019-10-30)

参考文献数

12

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Introduction Recently, highly insulated housings are increasing nationwide. Especially in Hokkaido, the development of wooden high insulated housing has been developed from the early days. The number of those housing supplied to the market was growing after the 1980s. Nowadays, those housings are renovating. It is a good opportunity to observe how various methods have influenced insulation performance and deterioration. The purpose of this research is to give insight into distribution of second-hand housing. We analyzed insulation performance such as Q-value and air-tightness of the housings with entire insulation renovation and the existing housings in Hokkaido.  Methods First, we conducted a questionnaire survey. The target housings are 51 housings (Hoppougata-Jyutaku) built in Asahikawa city, Sapporo city (Kita-ku, Toyohira-ku), Kitahiroshima city in the 1990s. Next, we conducted an inspection of the target housings. The target housings consist of 13 renovated houses (a1-a13) in Sapporo city, Kitahiroshima city, Tomakomai city and 17 existing houses in Sarufutsu town, Shimokawa town, Asahikawa city, Sapporo city and Takasu town (b1-b17).  Summary 1) The most frequent renovation was "painting or replacement the outer wall and roof." Also, there were many answers which conducted "replacement of heating and hot-water supply equipment at the same time." 2) About C-value of renovated housings, the RMSE of C-value was 0.56 cm2/m2 and the average absolute error rate was 43%. The C-value in the inspection, about ten years after renovation, were higher than the values just after renovation in many houses, and the airtightness was somewhat deteriorated. However, in most housings, no significant deterioration of the air-tightness was confirmed even after ten years from the renovation. It was confirmed that the performance can be maintained when wooden houses are adequately insulated and repaired.  About C-value of existing housings, those can be classified into the values under 2.0 that provide sufficient air-tightness compared with new houses and the values over 3.5 that not provide enough air-tightness. There were deteriorations such as moisture problem, dew, and fungi when the air-tightness was not enough. 3) About the Q-value, the average error between calculation values and measurement value was 0.32 W/m2K, and the average reliable section width was 0.36 W/m2K. Also, 36.4% of calculated values were within the reliable section, and few housings were below the calculation values. In the future, it is predicted that more reliable values can be calculated by conducting detailed examination of the heating area. 4) In this report, the housings with entire insulation renovation, the deterioration of insulation performance was hardly confirmed. However, in the case of cold climate areas, there is the possibility of deterioration in partial insulation renovation. Therefore, we will consider the finance system to achieve full insulation renovation, not partial renovation in the future.

著者

河村 英和

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.629, pp.1637-1642, 2008-07-30 (Released:2009-09-30)

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Since 14th century, in Venice there were the numerous noble palaces converted into the hotel. This custom is remarkable, particularly, in Venice and it continues also during all 19th century, while in the other European cities were built many grand hotels as a new hotel building typology. Finally, at the beginnings of the 20th century, on the Lido beach it starts to build some international Grand Hotel style architecture. Instead in Venice it begins to construct other new hotels, on-line of the reminiscence of the local traditional historical style. After the Second World War, also now, once more in Venice it is the fashion of conversion into hotels from the historical buildings of many different types.