著者

道合 裕基

出版者

京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科 社会システム研究刊行会

雑誌

社会システム研究 = Socialsystems : political, legal and economic studies (ISSN:13434497)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.101-110, 2014-03-20

著者

市嶋 典子 舘岡 洋子 初見 絵里花 広瀬 和佳子 古屋 憲章

雑誌

WEB版『日本語教育実践研究フォーラム報告』

巻号頁・発行日

2009

著者

金児 恵

出版者

東京大学グローバルCOEプログラム「死生学の展開と組織化」

雑誌

死生学研究 (ISSN:18826024)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.348-367, 2004-03-20

著者

岡本 重禮 里見 佳昭 稲葉 善雄

出版者

泌尿器科紀要刊行会

雑誌

泌尿器科紀要 (ISSN:00181994)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.6, pp.455-460, 1967-06

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A case of 22 years old juvenile prostatic cancer was p r esented. The lesion was unsuccessfully treated by antiandrogenic therapy. Despite radiation and chemotherapy, tumor grew rapidly and the patient expired after 6 months' hospitalization. A review of juvenile prostatic cancer in the l iteratures is added. As far as we have studied the following observations were common in all cases. 1. Histologically, the carcinoma is anaplastic in type. 2. The serum acid phosphatase activity is not ele v ated. 3. There is no response to antiandrogenic treat m ent.

著者

伊藤 博路

出版者

北海道大学法学部

雑誌

北大法学論集 (ISSN:03855953)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.133-184, 1994-10-24

著者

堀 誠

出版者

早稻田大學中國文學會

雑誌

中國文學研究 (ISSN:03850919)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.63-76, 1980-12-01

著者

橋野 晶寛

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科学校開発政策コース

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科教育行政学論叢 (ISSN:13421980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.39-50, 2010-03-30

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Equality of Educational Opportunity known as “Coleman Report” had obviously spurred a lot of empirical researches on educational policy. From another side, we can say Coleman Report is the momentum of Coleman’s style of the empirical research on the education and the design of educational institutions. This paper reconsiders the value of Coleman Report from the context of his studies on educational policy and examines implications of his unintegrated faces.// In the methodology of empirical analysis, Coleman had two faces. One was a data-driven conservative empirical analyst with simple methods and little theoretical foundations appeared in his real works including Coleman Report. Another was an empirical analyst with mathematical modeling of social behavior appeared in his ideal of the empirical analysis. In the design of educational institutions, though Coleman’s consistent focus is inefficiency of the organizations of public schools, his design of public school reform has inconsistent, mutually unrelated factors――the incentive-based approach and the creation of social capital. These multiple faces of Coleman can be interpreted as the reflection of the problem of researches on educational policy.

著者

木村 尚志

出版者

東京大学文学部国文学研究室

雑誌

東京大学国文学論集 (ISSN:18812139)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.57-72, 2010-03-25

著者

三宅 孝之 ミヤケ タカユキ Miyake Takayuki

出版者

大阪大学大学院国際公共政策研究科

雑誌

国際公共政策研究 (ISSN:13428101)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.103-117, 2002-03

著者

柏葉 武秀

出版者

社会思想史学会

雑誌

社会思想史研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.97-108, 1999-09

著者

Nagasawa Shinya

出版者

Graduate School of Commerce Waseda University

雑誌

Waseda Business & Economic Studies (ISSN:03881008)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.41-54, 2009-03

著者

矢野 浩之

出版者

京都大学生存圏研究所

雑誌

生存圏研究 (ISSN:1880649X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.23-30, 2010-10-01

著者

宮宅 潔

出版者

京都大學人文科學研究所

雑誌

東方學報 (ISSN:03042448)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, pp.1-52, 2012-12-10

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In the bamboo manuscripts unearthed from the Zhangjiashan 張家山 Han tomb, the term geng 更 denotes the work shift of state laborers. For instance, wu geng 五更(five geng) means engaging in official labor in five shifts, and geng liqie更隷妾 means a female penal laborer who worked by rotation. The antonym of geng is rong 冗, which means being engaged in a specific official task at frequent but irregular intervals, outside of the rotation system. Interestingly, the Zhangjiashan bamboo strips tell us that not only short-term state laborers drawn among the common population but also lower officials (scribes 史, diviners of scapulimancy 卜, oracles 祝, etc.), and elder officials attended to their work by rotation. According to the Shuihudi 睡虎地bamboo strips, the head of a low-level department in a county (xian 縣) office of the Qin empire was called sefu 嗇夫. Under the sefu, there were subordinates, the zuo佐and shi 史. In the Shuihudi materials, we find the phrase, zuo shi rong zhe佐史冗者(zuo and shi who worked outside of the rotation system). It follows that some public servants at the zuo/shi level were on duty by rotation and worked only several months per year. On the other hand, there is no indication that officials at levels higher than sefu worked by rotation. Most sefu were paid 100 bushels (bai dan 百石) annually or more. Officials at this level were called youzhi 有秩. One salary grade below youzhi was doushi 斗食, which appears as a specific standard of annual reward in the salary scale of the Latter Han dynasty in Hou Hanshu 後漢書. However, this was originally a category of daily food supply for state laborers, and meant to receive one dou 斗 of grain each day. It is, therefore, supposed that official servants at the doushi rank were rewarded according to the number of days on duty in earlier times, but came to receive a fixed annual salary by the second half of the Former Han at the latest. By contrast, youzhi officials had already received a fixed amount of annual salary, which the word zhi 秩 originally meant, during 538 the Qin. The above facts indicate that in the era of the Shuihudi and Zhangjiashan strips, some public servants at the zou/shi level attended to their work by rotation, and were paid according to the number of days on duty. In this respect, they were not substantially different from state laborers, or punitive laborers, even though the amount of daily pay each received, and other working conditions were not the same. Yet essential differences existed between youzhi and doushi. Officials at the rank of doushi or below had characteristics between those of guan 官(public servants) and min 民(commoners). Over time, doushi became a specific rank of annual salary, included into the category of youzhi. At the same time, evidence suggesting that zou/shi officials worked by rotation disappeared from historical sources. We can thus say that the bottom of bureaucratic hierarchy fluctuated over time, and the lowest class of official servants were formed through incorporating state laborers into the sphere of bureaucrats. In this sense, there was not a deep gap between guan and min, as both sides were linked with each other in a series of gradations.

著者

小西 直弥 Konishi Naoya

出版者

名古屋大学大学院法学研究科

雑誌

名古屋大學法政論集 (ISSN:04395905)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.178, pp.121-142, 1999-06-30 (Released:2006-02-14)

著者

林 佩芬

出版者

名古屋大学国際言語文化研究科国際多元文化専攻

雑誌

多元文化 (ISSN:13463462)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.35-48, 2010-03 (Released:2010-09-02)

著者

室田 保夫 Yasuo Murota

雑誌

関西学院大学人権研究= Kwansei Gakuin University journal of human rights studies (ISSN:1344039X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.27-46, 2009-03-31

著者

屋良 朝彦

出版者

北海道大学哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:02872560)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.19-36, 2002-07-21

著者

池元 有一

出版者

東京大学社会科学研究所

雑誌

社會科學研究 (ISSN:03873307)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.4, pp.3-32, 2003-03-31

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初期の日本のコンピュータ産業は,急成長する内需に依存して発展した.そこで,本稿ではその内需をいかに国産機が獲得したかを,コンピュータ利用の変化とメーカーの対応に着目し,(超)小型機を対象として明らかにした.1960年代,日本のユーザーの一部は,コンピュータ導入に対する不安から廉価な小型機を望み,国産メーカーは,PCSや会計機並の低価格でより高機能の小型機で新市場を開拓する.ここには,ライバルとなる外国機が存在せず,また,小型機ユーザーは経済成長に伴い上位機種へ移行する例も見られ,国産メーカーにとって有利な市場であった.富士通は,この小型機で売上を伸ばし,それを上位機種につなげコンピュータ市場全体のシェアを拡大した.日本電気は,超小型機で成功したが,提携先(ハネウェル)や販売店の都合で,それを上位機種につなげることができなかった.目立製作所は,小型機の自主開発も試みたが,提携先(RCA)や上層部の判断で,製品投入のタイミングを左右され,思うようにシェアを拡大できなかった.

著者

朴 銓烈

巻号頁・発行日

1986

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筑波大学文学博士学位論文・昭和61年3月25日授与(甲第326号)

著者

山内 美千絵 薬袋 秀樹

出版者

日本生涯教育学会

雑誌

日本生涯教育学会論集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.123-132, 2010