著者
沼田 真
出版者
日本雑草学会
雑誌
雑草研究 (ISSN:0372798X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1964, no.3, pp.1-9, 1964
被引用文献数
1
著者
沼田 眞
出版者
公益社団法人 日本植物学会
雑誌
植物学雑誌 (ISSN:0006808X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.745, pp.149-154, 1950
被引用文献数
2

1) I investigated the quantitative method analysing vegetation according to the theory of small samples.<BR>2) It is recognized by most investigators that we ought to use the random sampling in our field survey, but we often based its method on subjective randomizaton.<BR>3) Sampling error is controlled by vegetational homogeneity and sampling ratio. And I could not compare several sampling methods by means of sampling error.<BR>4) The best stratification is the worst clusterization. Those order is expressed by coefficient of interclass correlation (&rho;') and also the quality of sampling method is decided by the coefficient.<BR>5) The stratification by means of a dominant does not coincide with the one by means of the whole physiognomy.The latter is better.<BR>6) The significance of difference between several sampling methods is indicated by analysis of variance.Relative number of sampling units required for a given accuracy according to samling methods is calculated from average comparable variance.
著者
鈴木 英治 沼田 真
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生態学会
雑誌
日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.2, pp.129-142, 1982
被引用文献数
4

Elymus mollis, an introduced species, was planted on the seaward slope of sand banks constructed along the coast of Kuju-Kuri Hama (sand beach), central Japan, some 15 years ago. Since that time, the zone of Elymus has advanced seaward at a speed of about 5 m/yr, which was 2.5 times as fast as that of land accretion. Since E. mollis produced few seeds at Kuju-Kuri, the advancement was solely caused by the elongation of new rhizomes, whose mean length amounted to 4.8 m. Certain native species such as Carex kobomugi established themselves behind the Elymus zone and was replacing E. mollis. Saccharum spontaneum var. arenicola, which was planted on the opposite (landward) slope of the banks, remained on the slope without further spreading, being gradually replaced by Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii. The mechanism of these changes and local differences in the semi-natural vegetation of the coast were discussed.
著者
沼田 真 山井 広
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生態学会
雑誌
日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, no.4, pp.166-171, 1955
被引用文献数
6

1. A permanent quadrat of 1 sq. m. was laid in the abandoned farmland in the grounds of the Chiba University where a field experiment concerning the competition between crops and weeds was perfomed. The surface soil was cultivated, mixed, and weeded in January, 1953. There, the developmental process of a weed community was examined. 2. There, at first, appeared a herbaceous community dominated by Ambrosia artemisiaefolia which is often a pioneer plant in the bare area. After the death of the hog weed, the rosettes of Erigeron were found in abundance (Table 1). The hog weed was stratified into the upper and lower layers because of the divergence of the germinating period. It will be a kind of social adaptation (Fig. 1). 3. The combination of dominated life-form and migrule type according to the number of species Is Th-D_4-R_5,which is a usual type of weed communities in the farmland (Table 2). That according to the density is Th-D_1-R_5,which coincides with the first rank of the actual combinations (Table 3). In the growth form spectra (Table 4). the erect form and tufted growth exceed the rosette and prostrate form where the habitat is spatially segregated and especially the rosette plants are to dominate in the following year. 4. Concerning the organizing process of the weed community, the law of geometrical progression can be applied in August when the Ambrosia community of the aestival type arrived at the maximum development (Fig. 2). Such a linear relationship was not recognized before and after August. This is a balance of power relations among species in the form of seasonal aspection or early development. Then it is shown that there is an undulatory process of establishment and breaking in the organisation of a community. 5. The mean area of the commonnest species (M) is related closely with P (dominant ratio)=(number of individuals of the commonnest species)/(total number of individuals) and the gradient of a straight line showing the number of individuals-rank relationship (Table 8,9). The suitability of 2M as a sampling unit should be, in general, determined by the individual structure of a community, which is indicated partly by P and the gradient. The distribution type of the weed community was considered as the POLYA-EGGENEERGER type (Table 10).
著者
沼田 真
出版者
古今書院
雑誌
地理 (ISSN:05779308)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.1, pp.68-73, 1966-01
著者
清水 利宏 Toshihiro SHIMIZU
出版者
鈴鹿国際大学
雑誌
鈴鹿国際大学紀要 (ISSN:13428802)
巻号頁・発行日
no.14, pp.87-102, 2007

This paper examines English speech education based on comparisons of the writing techniques in English persuasive speeches and Japanese radio commercials. Reviewing the technical characteristics of radio commercial copywriting from a viewpoint of visualization technique, the similarities between radio commercials and persuasive speeches are explored. It also introduces a classroom practice which uses "radio shopping" in English speech education to help students learn the importance of the visualization technique in their own English speeches. Several "revised" sentences by the students, which contain new visualization ideas, derived from the previous study of radio commercials, are shown along with the original sentences found in their English speeches. This demonstrates how visualization techniques in radio commercials enable students to enhance their awareness and ability to express their ideas so that the audience may easily visualize and comprehend the key points in the speeches.
著者
佐藤 晴雄
出版者
武蔵野大学英文学会
雑誌
武蔵野英米文学 (ISSN:03886662)
巻号頁・発行日
no.44, pp.199-240, 2012-02-15
著者
古川 顕 Akira Furukawa
出版者
甲南大学経済学会
雑誌
甲南経済学論集 (ISSN:04524187)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.1, pp.45-82, 2019-09

19世紀前半のイギリスにおける通貨学派と銀行学派の論争, いわゆる「通貨論争」は, 貨幣・信用理論史における最大の論争の一つである。通貨学派(ないし通貨主義) は, 通貨の増加は, 他の事情が一定であれば, 物価の上昇をもたらし, その減少は物価の下落をもたらすという伝統的な貨幣数量説に立脚する。これに対して銀行学派(あるいは銀行主義) は, 通貨学派の見解とは逆に, 物価の騰貴あるいは下落が貨幣数量に影響を及ぼすとみなし,実証的な歴史研究に基づくものであると主張する。この銀行学派の主張を代表するのがトーマス・トゥーク(Thomas Tooke) である。トゥークによれば, 物価の騰落は, 銀行券の流通高の変化に先行し, 銀行券流通高は「物価の騰落」ないし「取引の必要」によって決定される。トゥークは, 母国イギリスを対象とする精緻な実証分析によってこの推論を裏付けるのである。
著者
名城 邦夫
出版者
名古屋学院大学総合研究所
雑誌
名古屋学院大学論集. 社会科学篇 = Journal of Nagoya Gakuin University (ISSN:03850048)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.2, pp.97-130, 2018

西アジアにおいて最初の都市文明が成立し,社会的規律化が要請され,人格神・王権・法治・計算貨幣・官僚制による財政国家が成立した。神官・王族・貴族・平民・奴隷の身分ごとにその義務と役割が定められ,計算貨幣による分配が行われた。特に重要な軍役について最初にリディア王国において打造貨幣で支払われるようになった。このような打造技術による貨幣製造は,計算貨幣による社会的規律化と国家形成とともにギリシャからローマへと伝播した。ローマでは至上権・官職官僚制・ローマ法・金銀銅三貨制度・造幣役による貨幣システムが成立し,6000万人の帝国に発展した。帝政末期には帝国の属州に地域貨幣システムが形成され,それがゲルマン部族王国に継承された。最終的に西ゴート王国とフランク王国のみが独自の貨幣システムを確立することとなった。特にフランク王国はカロリング王朝によってローマ末期の金貨システムから独自の銀貨システムを確立することとなった。