著者
臼杵 陽
出版者
日本評論社
雑誌
一橋論叢 (ISSN:00182818)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.116, no.4, pp.748-761, 1996-10

論文タイプ||論説(特集 地中海世界における少数集団 = Minorities in the Mediterranean World)
著者
臼杵 陽
出版者
一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会
雑誌
国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1999, no.121, pp.95-107,L11, 1999

This article focuses on one of the most controversial questions of politics and religion in Israel, that is to say, on the controversial dispute about conversions to Judaism. These is controversy between Orthodox Jews, who have monopolized such Jewish religious matters as conversions and marriage ceremonies in Israel, and Reform and Conservative Jews who have not been officially authorized to carry out conversions and perform weddings in Israel. While Reform and Conservative Jews are the majority among Diaspora Jewry, especially in the United State, they are a minority among Israeli Jews. Reform and Conservative Jews in the United State are entitled to immigrate to Israel as Jews in accordance with the Law of Return, but they are not recognized as &ldquo;true Jews&rdquo; by Orthodox Jews in Israel. The Reform and Conservative Jews are forced to convert again to Orthodox Judaism if they are to enjoy their religious life as equals to the Orthodox brethren in Israel.<br>In January 1998, Israeli premier Benjamin Netanyahu appointed then Finance Minister Yaakov Ne'eman as chairman of a committee to try and seek a compromise solution among the three major denominations of Judaism (Orthodox, Reform and Conservative) on the question of conversions of Jews and on other religious matters in Israel. The debate of the Ne'eman committee, which was composed of representatives of the three denominations, poured oil on fire with regard to this decisive question of &ldquo;Who is a Jew?&rdquo;, that is to say, who has authority over the question of the definition of a Jew in Israel.<br>First, this paper analyzes the monopoly enjoyed by Orthodox Jews in official religious institutions such as Ministry of Religion, the Chief Rabbinate, Rabbi Courts, and Local Religious Councils in light of the relationship between state and religion. Second, the paper discusses, in the context of the relationship between religion and politics, the political roles of a Sephardi orthodox religious party, &ldquo;Shas (Sephardi Torah Guardians)&rdquo;, which has tried to propose legislation establishing a conversion law and a local council law to the Israeli Parliament (Knesset). Third, the paper examines the recommendation of the Ne'eman committee and its repercussion among the concerned parties in Israel and the United States. A preliminary unsigned copy of the commitee's recommendation in November 1998 proposed to set up a joint institute for conversion studies at which Orthodox, Conservative and Reform rabbis would all teach, but actual conversions would be performed only by Orthodox rabbinical courts.<br>In conclusion, since the recommendation of the Ne'eman committee was vehemently refused by the Orthodox-controlled Chief Rabbinate Council, despite the approval of the recommendation by the Knesset, Reform and Conservative movements continued to struggle for the plurality of Judaism in Israel and against the Orthodox monopoly. They petitioned the High Court of Justice to instruct the appointment of Reform and Conservative rabbis in Local Religious Councils.
著者
臼杵 陽
出版者
日本中東学会
雑誌
日本中東学会年報 (ISSN:09137858)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.2, pp.59-84, 2012

本論文は大川周明の生涯を通して彼のイスラームへの関心の変化を論じる。大川は右翼のアジア主義者として知られているが、イスラーム研究者でもあった。彼は東京帝大時代スーフィズムに関心をもった。しかし、彼は 1913年、内的志向の精神的イスラームから外的志向の政治的イスラームその関心を転換させた。同時期、「コーランか剣か」を預言者ムハンマドの好戦的表現だと考えていた。しかし、オスマン帝国崩壊後はイスラームに関して大川は沈黙を保った。約20年後の1942年、大川は著名な『回教概論』を刊行した。同書は読者の期待に反して、日本の戦争宣伝を意図するものではなかった。同書は日本的オリエンタリストの観点から理念型的なイスラームとイスラーム帝国絶頂期の理想化されたイスラーム国家の姿を描いたものだったからである。戦後、東京裁判の被告となったが精神疾患のため免責された。大川は松沢病院でクルアーンの翻訳を行なう一方、完全な人格としての預言者ムハンマドへの崇敬を通してイスラームへの関心を取り戻した。晩年の大川は開祖を通してキリスト教、イスラーム、仏教などの諸宗教を理解する境地に達したのである。
著者
臼杵 陽
出版者
岩波書店
雑誌
世界 (ISSN:05824532)
巻号頁・発行日
no.625, pp.163-174, 1996-08
著者
臼杵 陽
出版者
岩波書店
雑誌
世界 (ISSN:05824532)
巻号頁・発行日
no.617, pp.p167-171, 1996-01
著者
臼杵 陽
出版者
岩波書店
雑誌
世界 (ISSN:05824532)
巻号頁・発行日
no.663, pp.30-33, 1999-07
著者
臼杵 陽
出版者
法政大学経済学部学会
雑誌
経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.79, no.4, pp.113-140, 2012-03

In this article, I discuss a recent trend in studies on a Palestinian political leader, al-Hajj Amin al-Husayni (1895-1974) with special attention to the relationship between Hajj Amin and the Nazis (National Socialists) during the Second World War. Hajj Amin's enemies have accused him of collaborating with the Nazis. Appointed the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem in the early 1920s, he escaped arrest by the British authorities from Palestine in 1937 for his role in the Palestinian Arab revolt in 1936. He went into exile in Nazi Germany and stayed there until the end of the war, after the failure of Rashid Ali Kaylani's coup in Iraq in 1941. Recently a lot of new studies have been published to emphasize his political role under the Nazi regime. These studies claim that Hajj Amin shared the Nazis'hatred of the Jews. Some researchers also assert that Nazi ideology persists among radical Arab nationalists and Islamic fundamentalists in the Middle East and that the collaboration between the Nazis and Hajj Amin during the war introduced the political and ideological ideas of Nazism into an Arab and Islamic context, especially after September 11, 2001. Against this background, this article tries to re-touch the picture of Hajj Amin's role from Arab and Palestinian perspectives.