著者

中井恒次郎 編

出版者

狂言堂

巻号頁・発行日

1883

著者

篠邉 龍二郎

出版者

臨床情報センター

雑誌

漢方医学 (ISSN:02882485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.22-25, 2013

著者

長谷川 岳男

出版者

日本西洋古典学会

雑誌

西洋古典学研究 (ISSN:04479114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, pp.12-24, 2010-03-24 (Released:2017-05-23)

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Fustel de Coulange considered that ancient Greeks had never had any private spheres in their poleis and the polls was a fusion of state and society. In the entry 'polis' in the 3^<rd> edition of OCD 0. Murray basically followed his ideas and gave Sparta as a typical example. Thus the general understanding seems to have been that polis could not be translated as 'state'. M. Hansen, however, argued against taking Sparta as a typical case and insisted that there was a differentiation between public and private spheres in Athens and many other poleis and consequently concluded that we may view a polis as similar to a modern state. However S. Hodkinson, as part of his studies aimed at rescuing Sparta from a 'fossilized society' themepark and normalizing her position as a polis, objected to the idea that Sparta was a polis where the state and society were inseparably fused together. He argued that Xenophon showed no clear cases of Spartan authorities taking active control over every aspect of Spartan citizens' life in his Lakedaimonion Politeia which is the most credible source concerning the Classical Spartan society. Moreover, building on Humble's thesis that the characteristic feature of Spartan citizens was not σωψροσυνη but αιδωζ, it seems that Spartan citizens were only careful how they behaved in public spaces and in private they could do as they pleased. Therefore it can be recognized that there was a distinction between the public and private sphere in Sparta. Indeed, not only Xenophon, but also Thucydides painted the picture of the Spartan society as a system of voluntary corporations among citizens rather than one of severe controls over them. Hodkinson then insisted that there was no social control on the part of the Spartan authorities, but only social pressure from the citizens themselves within their society. I agree with his conclusion regarding the importance of social pressure in Sparta, but I do not think that there was no social control over the citizens, because the existence of social pressure reveals the existence of Gramsci's theory of the 'hegemony'. I think it is a flaw in Hodkinson's argumentations that he did not point clearly to the substance of the authorities in Sparta so that the reality of social control became obscured. In order to complement his contention, I would introduce the thesis on which Berent insisted in a series of articles, namely, that a polls is not a state but a stateless society. A polis did not have the public coercive power so that Greeks had to devise ways to keep order in their polis and prevent an outbreak of a stasis. If we are right to perceive a polis as a stateless society, it followed that it was of paramount importance for Greeks to reach consensus on public matters. As a result, politics became entangled with ethical considerations and education which internalized ethics became important. In consideration of this context, the images of Spartan society seem fit for achieving consensus among its citizens, the fact that made it an object of high esteem among other Greeks. We should realize from this conclusion that a polis was not a monolithic entity and that it was susceptible to being torn apart because of the lack of public coercive power, and that Sparta (and Athens) were exceptional in preserving their stability.

著者

庭本 博文 大橋 秀一 柏谷 充克 柴原 浩章 大門 美智子 伊熊 健一郎

出版者

Japan Surgical Association

雑誌

日本臨床外科医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03869776)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.8, pp.1457-1461, 1988-08-25 (Released:2009-09-30)

参考文献数

15

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症例は18歳未婚女性.無月経を主訴に婦人科受診し,処女膜閉鎖を認めた.腟開口術と腹腟鏡検査にて,腟欠損,卵巣卵管正常形態,双角痕跡子宮を確認し,さらに内分泌細胞遺伝的には正常で, Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser症候群と確定診断を得た.本症例にS状結腸を用い人工造腟術を施行し成功した.先天性腟欠損症に対して種々の人工造腔術が行われているが,それぞれ長所短所がある.最も重要なことは,永久性があり,できるだけ自然に近い腟を形成することであり,この点からS状結腸を用いた造腟術が理想的であると思われる.

著者

徳川美術館編

出版者

徳川美術館

巻号頁・発行日

2010

著者

相沢伴主 著

巻号頁・発行日

1845

著者

藤原与一 広島方言研究所著

出版者

東京大学出版会

巻号頁・発行日

1974

著者

Yoichi Fujiwara

出版者

Sophia University Press

巻号頁・発行日

1965

著者

Quimpo Nathan Gilbert

出版者

Asia Research Centre

雑誌

Working Paper

巻号頁・発行日

no.144, 2007-07

著者

西野 寿章

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.6, pp.504-528, 1988-12-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

97

被引用文献数

2 2

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The aim of this paper is to clarify the locational characteristics of electric supply enterprises and the local conditions which influenced each enterprise, through case studies in central Japan before 1938.As a result, we can identify three types of location of the electric supply enterprises:(1) The first type of the location of the electric supply enerprises was one in urban areas. In such areas, a typical case was the‘Nagoya Electric Supply Company’established in 1889 in Aich Prefecture. This company built many electric power stations in the upper reaches of Kiso River and began to supply electric power to the urban and manufacturing areas of Aichi Prefecture, and later further to the Osaka area which was developed as the largest manufacture region in this period. Thus, this company developed to the one of the largest electric supply enterprises in Japan, absorbing many other electric supply enterprises in this area, changing its name to‘Toho Electric Supply Company’in 1922. A new company, ‘Daido Electric Supply Company’was separated from the‘Nagoya Electric Supply Company’.In this process, the‘Toho Electric Supply Company’and‘Daido Electric Supply Company’ were developed together and could exchange their electric power to fill the increased demand from electric power stations spread increasingly at the upper reaches of large rivers supported by the improvement of techniques in the generation and transmission of electric power.(2) The second type was one located in the traditional manufacturing areas, such as raw silk manufactures in Nagano Prefecture in central Japan. Raw silk manufacturing had developed in central Japan before World War II, based on increasing exports. The Suwa area in Nagano Prefecture was famous for this manufacturing. In the early days, many managers of this manufacturing weren't interested in electric power as their power source. But, later, they introduced electric power to increase their production, and they planned eagerly to establish many electric supply enterprises and manage these enterprises.Thus, electric power that was produced by these companies was mainly demanded by such raw silk making manufacturing in the Suwa area in the middle of Nagano Prefecture.(3) The third type was one located in the mountain areas, which was established by the public sector, managed by the authority of towns and villages. In peripheral areas, especially in the mountain areas in central Japan, the supply of electric power had to be managed by public sectors in each small village, because the larger electric supply enterprises could not economically supply electric power to these areas, due to their low demand for electric power. Kamisato Village in Nagano Prefecture was one such case. At first, all of the villagers wanted electric power to be supplied by one of the electric power enterprises. But the enterprise agreed to supply electric power only to a part of this village. Thus a conflict between the electric power enterprise and villagers occured.After this, the villagers made a decision to establish a new public enterprise to supply electric power to each household in the village. This could be accomplished because the village had extensive forest land and forest resources, and created a large fund by cutting and selling timbers.

著者

大森 貴弘

出版者

常葉大学教育学部

雑誌

常葉大学教育学部紀要 = Tokoha University Faculty of Education research review (ISSN:2188434X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.38, pp.409-425, 2017-12

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ドイツでは、かつては日本と同じく離婚後単独親権を民法で定めていた。しかし、1982 年に連邦憲法裁判所は、離婚後の例外なき単独親権を定めた民法1671 条4 項1文の規定が、親の権利を定めた基本法6 条2 項1 文の権利を侵害すると判示した。これ以後、ドイツでは離婚後の例外なき単独親権は違憲となり、個別事例での対応が続いていたが、1998 年に親子法改正法(1997 年制定)が施行され、離婚後共同親権(共同配慮権)が法制化された。

著者

羅 莞翎

出版者

Tohoku University

巻号頁・発行日

2016-03-25

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課程

著者

橋本 俊哉 ハシモト トシヤ Toshiya Hashimoto

雑誌

立教大学観光学部紀要

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.5-13, 2017-03

著者

出口 泰生

出版者

立正学園女子短期大学

雑誌

研究紀要 : 家政・自然・人文 = The Annual Reports of Studies : Domestic, Natural & Literary Science

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, pp.37-45, 1960-12-01

著者

有賀 秀子

出版者

食品資材研究会

雑誌

New Food Industry (ISSN:05470277)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.5-8, 1993

著者

犬竹,正明

出版者

プラズマ・核融合学会

雑誌

プラズマ・核融合学会誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.12, 1997-12-25

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The importance of fusion rockets in space is described. Several types of manned spacecrafts which have been proposed so far on the basis of magnetic- and laser-fusion concepts are reviewed. Critical issues regarding these fusion rockets are discussed, taking into account the recent progress of magnetic- and laser-fusion experiments.

著者

逸見 勝亮

出版者

北海道大学大学文書館

雑誌

北海道大学大学文書館年報 (ISSN:18809421)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.114-139, 2019-03-29

著者

副島 美由紀

出版者

中村志朗教授退官記念論刊行会

雑誌

カレイドスコープ : 中村志朗教授退官記念論集

巻号頁・発行日

pp.380-394, 1995-02

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vi, 411

著者

谷澤 毅 谷澤 毅

出版者

長崎県立大学

雑誌

長崎県立大学論集. 経営学部・地域創造学部 = Journal of University of Nagasaki (ISSN:24323861)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.4, pp.143-164, 2017-03

著者

谷澤 毅 TANIZAWA Takeshi

出版者

長崎県立大学

雑誌

長崎県立大学論集. 経営学部・地域創造学部 = Journal of University of Nagasaki (ISSN:24323861)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.151-169, 2019-03