著者
伊藤 康弘 宮内 昭
出版者
日本内分泌外科学会・日本甲状腺外科学会
雑誌
日本内分泌・甲状腺外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:21869545)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, no.4, pp.259-263, 2015 (Released:2016-03-04)
参考文献数
14

近日中にアメリカ甲状腺学会(ATA)の甲状腺結節と甲状腺分化癌取り扱いガイドラインの最新版が出版されるが,今回はいくつか大きな変更点がある。その一つが甲状腺微小乳頭癌の取り扱いである。今までは細胞診で乳頭癌と診断された場合は当然のように手術が施行されていたが,今回は1センチ以下の微小乳頭癌でリンパ節転移や局所進展のないものは,たとえ画像上癌を疑っても細胞診による診断をしないことを推奨し,またたとえ癌と診断がついたとしてもすぐに手術を行うのではなく,経過観察(active surveillance)を取り扱いの選択肢として採択した。これは日本から論文の形で発信された内容を受け入れたものであり,実に画期的な変化である。ただ,もちろんATAガイドラインの内容をすべて日本の実地医療に適用するのがよいかどうかについては異論もあるかも知れない。本稿では微小乳頭癌の経過観察について,ATAガイドラインと日本の診療の合致点および差異について述べる。

42 0 0 0 OA 新撰軍歌抄

著者
大庭景陽 編
出版者
三谷平助
巻号頁・発行日
1886
著者
Kunihisa Miwa
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.6082-20, (Released:2021-04-26)
参考文献数
47
被引用文献数
5

Objective Central nervous system dysfunction associated with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) has been suggested to be the main cause of chronic fatigue syndrome. In animal models of chronic fatigue, minocycline was reported to act as a suppressor of neural inflammation. Minocycline may thus exert favorable therapeutic effects in patients with ME. Methods Oral minocycline (100 mg ×2 on the first day, followed by 100 mg/day for 41 days) was administered to 100 patients with ME. The performance status score (0-9), orthostatic intolerance during the 10-min standing test, neurologic disequilibrium, and neuropathic pain were compared before and after treatment. Results After therapy completion, favorable effects were observed with a decrease in the performance status score of ≥2 points in 27 patients (27%). Before treatment, 6 of the 27 patients had orthostatic intolerance with an inability to complete the 10-min standing test; after treatment, this symptom resolved in 4 and improved in 2 patients. In addition, after treatment, postural orthostatic tachycardia resolved in five of eight patients, disequilibrium resolved in five of eight patients, and fibromyalgia or neuropathic pain was attenuated in four of five patients. The favorable effects appeared dependent on a shorter disease duration, primarily for a duration of less than three years and most frequently within six months of the disease onset. However, acute adverse effects with nausea and/or dizziness caused 38 patients (38%) to discontinue treatment in the first few days. Conclusion Oral minocycline therapy may be an effective treatment option for patients with ME, especially in the initial stage of the disease.
著者
Naoki KATAYAMA Hiroshi UCHIDA Yoshinobu KUSUMOTO Tomohiko IIDA
出版者
The Ornithological Society of Japan
雑誌
ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (ISSN:13470558)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.1, pp.93-114, 2022 (Released:2022-01-31)
参考文献数
69

Perennial farmlands such as fruit orchards and vineyards often substitute for natural habitats and provide nesting and foraging habitats for birds. Bird use of perennial farmlands has been investigated mainly in Europe and North America, but far less in Asia, which hosts one-third of identified biodiversity hotspots. We aimed to fill this knowledge gap by performing a systematic review of bird studies in fruit orchards and vineyards in Japan. We screened literature written in English or Japanese including both published and non-peer-reviewed (grey material, e.g., books, abstracts of annual meetings, blogs, and unpublished surveys). The review identified 31 bird species, including four Red List species, that nest in orchards and vineyards in Japan. Several studies have provided insights into the habitat quality of fruit orchards, which appears to vary among bird species. Other studies have reported: (1) the effects of orchard management on bird diversity (e.g., positive effects of organic farming and grass cover on bird richness and abundance); and (2) the ecosystem services by birds (e.g., reduction of pest rodents by predatory Ural Owls Strix uralensis). Our review demonstrates the potential importance of fruit orchards and vineyards to bird species that have adapted to human-modified landscapes, although more quantitative studies are needed to investigate the actual breeding performance of birds. We also illustrate the importance of non-English-language literature, including grey literature, to mitigate ecological knowledge gaps in countries where English is not the first language.
著者
善教 将大 坂本 治也
出版者
日本選挙学会
雑誌
選挙研究 (ISSN:09123512)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.2, pp.74-89, 2013 (Released:2017-12-06)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
1

本稿の目的は,日本維新の会への支持態度の特徴ならびにその背景にある有権者の論理を明らかにすることである。先行研究では,維新あるいは橋下への支持は,有権者の政治的・社会的疎外意識に基づく熱狂的なものであることが述べられてきた。これに対して本稿では有権者が抱く橋下イメージの違いという観点から,維新が支持される理由を説明する。実証分析の結果,明らかとなったのは次の3点である。第1に維新は多くの有権者に支持されているが,その支持強度は弱い。第2に政治的・社会的疎外意識等と維新支持に関連があるとはいえない。第3に橋下をリーダーシップの高い人物だと認識する人は維新を弱く支持し,保守的な人物だと認識する人は強く支持する傾向にある。つまり維新への支持が弱い理由は,彼のリーダーシップへの評価が弱い支持にしか結びつかないという点に求められる,というのが本稿の結論である。
著者
平田 昌弘
出版者
日本酪農科学会
雑誌
ミルクサイエンス (ISSN:13430289)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.3, pp.205-215, 2012 (Released:2014-03-15)
参考文献数
69
被引用文献数
1 1
著者
船越 公威
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生態学会
雑誌
日本生態学会誌 (ISSN:00215007)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.2, pp.125-140, 1977
被引用文献数
1

Female P.jenynsii deposits prepupa on the host-roosting quarter except host-hibernating quarter. Intervals between depositions were about 5 days. Pupal period was about 20 days. Both the interval and period of prepupal deposition became shortened with the rise of experimental temperature. After the bat died away, the majority of flies also died within 24 hours. This indicates that blood-sucking is necessary at least once a day. Wintering flies sucked blood intermittently and lived for at least 4 months, but did not propagate. Average infestation number per host was 0.1-0.3 in winter and 0.2-0.7 in the other seasons. The low density per host throughout the year may primarily be due to host-predation and secondly due to density effect of fly. Periodic fluctuation of the average infestation number from April to September is largely caused by synchronization with the breeding cycles starting soon after awakening. The more bats grew, the more they were infested, its tendency being marked in adult females. Infestation degree corresponded presumably with the degree of hosts' activity at their roost. It was considered that specific and adaptive host-parasite relationship was ecologically influenced by duration of bats' roost utilization, activity at roost, size of cluster and flying pattern, together with the life history of flies.