著者
伊藤 毅
出版者
一般社団法人日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)
巻号頁・発行日
no.376, pp.p130-136, 1987-06

In 1586, an incident occurred in Tenma Jinaimachi (Temple Town) and as a result more than 60 people in Tenma were punished by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the kanpaku (the chief adviser to the Emperor). Taking advantage of this opportunity, Hideyoshi began to intervene in the internal affairs of Tenma Honganji, step by step limiting its independence and subjecting it to civic control. In this article, I consider these events and try to show that the original incident was no accident and that Hideyoshi's policies were coherently conceived from the outset in order to dismantle Honganji Jinaimachi and develop Osaka Jokamachi (Castle Town).
著者
伊藤 毅
出版者
一般社団法人日本建築学会
雑誌
日本建築学会計画系論文報告集 (ISSN:09108017)
巻号頁・発行日
no.371, pp.p119-125, 1987-01
被引用文献数
2

The purpose of this study is to clarify the physical, socio-economic and political nature of Tenma Honganji Jinaimachi (Temple Town), which existed for a short time (1585-1591) in the Tenma district of Osaka. The study is divided into 3 phases and constitutes an investigation of the importance of this town in its geographical and historical setting. This article (the first part of the study) concentrates on a discussion of physical aspects of Tenma Jinaimachi its location, scale and the formation of the urban blocks.
著者
Akahane Ritsu
出版者
日本印度学仏教学会
雑誌
印度学仏教学研究 (ISSN:00194344)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.3, pp.1121-1125, 2008-03

ジュニャーナガルバ(Jnanagarbha)は『二諦分別論』(Satyadvayavibhanga-vrtti)において二諦説を説くが,その中で,自らの二諦説の教証として『聖無尽意経』(Arya-Aksayamatinirdesasutra)の二諦説に言及した一節を引用し,さらにその内容に注釈を行っている.本稿では,この注釈部分の大半がジュニャーナガルバ自身の独自の理解ではなく,『聖無尽意経注』(Arya-Aksayamatinirdesasutra-tika)の注釈内容に依拠していることを示した.その一方で,その『聖無尽意経注』に依拠していない注釈部分に関しては,チャンドラキールティ(Candrakirti)を意識して書かれており,そこにジュニャーナガルバ自身の独自の思想が示されている可能性に言及した.具体的には,『空七十論注』(Sunyatasaptati-vrtti)においてチャンドラキールティが同経典を引用し,それに対してなされた注釈内容を訂正している可能性が存在するということである.つまり,「世間の慣習」(lokavyavahara)に関して,チャンドラキールティが「認識活動」と「言語表現」の両者をその特徴として理解しているのに対し,ジュニャーナガルバはそれを基本的には「認識活動」と理解し,少なくとも表現する主体である「言葉に関する特徴」を排除しているという点を明らかにした.
著者
田村 昌己
出版者
日本印度学仏教学会
雑誌
印度學佛教學研究 (ISSN:00194344)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.3, pp.1236-1240, 2009-03

中観派の学匠バーヴィヴェーカ(ca.490-570)は,世俗における諸法の有自性性を認める一方,勝義においてその有自性性が否定されることを論証している.その論証の一例として,「【主張】色は勝義において眼根の把握対象ではない.【証因】八事が集合したものだから.【喩例】声のように」(『中観心論』第3章第40偈)という論証がある.この論証は「およそ八事が集合したものは勝義において眼根の把握対象ではない」という遍充関係を前提とする.確かに色と声は共に八事の集合したものであるが,「声は眼根の把握対象ではなく,色は眼根の把握対象である」ということが経験的に知られている.本稿は,いかなる論理を通じて声という喩例からこの遍充関係が導かれるのかを明らかにした.『思択炎』によれば,その論理とは「ある二者が共通の性質を有するならば,その二者は互いに区別され得ない」という論理である.色と声は八事の集合である点で等しいが故に,声が眼根の把握対象でないならば,色も眼根の把握対象ではないことになる.チャンドラキールティによれば,上記論証式に則して言うならば,色の属性<八事の集合性>と声の属性<八事の集合性>は区別できないこと,属性保持者である色・声とその<八事の集合性>という属性は存在のレベルで不異であることがこの論理のポイントである.色と声は区別されない<八事の集合性>と不異であるため互いに異ならないと見なされる.この論理は,有自性論を否定する帰謬法の論理として,古くは『方便心論』に見られ,ナーガールジュナやアーリアデーヴァ,チャンドラキールティ等の中観派の学匠たちによって用いられている.よって,バーヴィヴェーカは,彼の無自性性論証において,このような中観派に伝統的な帰謬法の論理を用いていることになる.ただし彼は世俗における諸法の有自性性を認める.その同じ彼がこの論理を用いるならば,「色は世俗において眼根の把握対象ではない」という不合理な帰結が彼自身に生じてしまう.この問題を回避するために,彼は論証に二諦説を導入し,「勝義において」(paramarthatas)という限定句を用いたのである.
著者
伊東 元 長崎 浩 丸山 仁司 橋詰 謙 中村 隆一
出版者
公益社団法人日本理学療法士協会
雑誌
理学療法学 (ISSN:02893770)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.2, pp.123-125, 1990-03-10
被引用文献数
17

健常老年男性15名 (64-84歳) に最大速度で歩行を行わせ, 速度・歩幅・歩行率と重心動揺距離との関係を検討した。歩行速度の有意な決定因は重心動揺距離であり, 重心動揺距離が小さいと速度が速かった。歩行率の決定因は重心動揺距離であり, 重心動揺距離が大きいと歩行率が小さかった。歩幅に対しては有意な決定因はなかった。
著者
坪井 潤一 森田 健太郎 JUN-ICHI TSUBOI KENTARO MORITA 北海道大学大学院水産科学研究科:(現)山梨県水産技術センター 東京大学海洋研究所:(現)(独)水産総合研究センター北海道区水産研究所 Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences Hokkaido University:(Present address) Yamanashi Fisheries Technology Center Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo:(Present address) Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute Fisheries Research Agency
出版者
日本水産學會
雑誌
日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.3, pp.365-367, 2004-05-15
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
4

釣られやすさの種間差を明らかにすることは, 天然個体群保全や放流指針策定において重要である。本研究では, 野生化したニジマスと天然のイワナが生息する自然河川において餌釣りとフライフィッシングを行い, 釣られやすさの種間差を比較した。その結果, 餌釣りではイワナの方がニジマスよりも釣られやすかったが, 逆にフライフィッシングではニジマスの方がイワナよりも釣られやすかった。放流直後のニジマスは非常に釣られやすいと考えられてきたが, 自然水域に馴化した個体や再生産された個体では, 釣られにくくなることが示唆された。
著者
白鳥 潤一郎
出版者
JAPAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
雑誌
国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2010, no.160, pp.160_17-33, 2012

The aim of this article is to examine the role of Japanese diplomacy in bringing cooperative relationship among oil-consumers, and how it led to the establishment of the International Energy Agency (IEA) in November 1974 after the First Oil Crisis (FOC). The foundation of the IEA has an epoch-making significance in itself, as this institution provided a platform in which long-term policy cooperation among oil consumers could be designed and implemented. The IEA obligates signatory states to stockpile a designated certain amount of oil reserves, and it also specifies the Oil Emergency Sharing System in the agreement. This represents an effort for advanced countries seeking cooperation while the postwar international economic order was undergoing to serious changes.<br>Most works on Japanese diplomacy dealing with the FOC period have tended to focus on Japan's stance toward the Middle East. They generally emphasize highlight the anxiety within the government to secure a stable supply of oil as the principal reason for Japan eventually swinging toward pro-Arab policy. However, such narratives do not provide us with a whole picture, since the FOC was not only brought by Arab oil embargo. If we were to fully grasp the underlying cause of Japan's policy behavior in the FOC, we must first take into account a structural change in the international oil market since the late 1960s resulting from the strengthening of oil-producers. In the same vein, it is equally crucial to analyze how the oil consumers in general responded to the oil producers united under the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).<br>After the FOC, cooperation among oil consumer states intensified with Washington Energy Conference in February 1974, and Japan was an active participant during the process. In fact, the Japanese government was the first to announce its intention to participate in the conference. It also actively took part in Energy Coordination Group (ECG) following the Washington Energy Conference, and facilitated ECG in playing a moderating role between Great Britain and West Germany.<br>Japan actively participated in these institutional frameworks since the policymakers shared two perceptions. The first is the recognition that the oil consumers, in order to decrease their vulnerability in oil supply, must unite. The second perception is that it is important for Japan to support the maintenance of a liberal international economic order which would ensure the stable flow of oil supplies. Seen from this context, the Japanese participation in the establishment of the IEA from the first stage is a drastic deviation from past diplomatic practice of passively joining already-existing international organizations. Although Japan's role in G7 for facilitating international cooperation among advanced countries is better known, it is significant to notice that Japan's early participation in establishing cooperative framework in the aftermath of the FOC is the true turning point.
著者
白鳥 潤一郎
出版者
一般財団法人 日本国際政治学会
雑誌
国際政治 (ISSN:04542215)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2010, no.160, pp.160_17-33, 2012

The aim of this article is to examine the role of Japanese diplomacy in bringing cooperative relationship among oil-consumers, and how it led to the establishment of the International Energy Agency (IEA) in November 1974 after the First Oil Crisis (FOC). The foundation of the IEA has an epoch-making significance in itself, as this institution provided a platform in which long-term policy cooperation among oil consumers could be designed and implemented. The IEA obligates signatory states to stockpile a designated certain amount of oil reserves, and it also specifies the Oil Emergency Sharing System in the agreement. This represents an effort for advanced countries seeking cooperation while the postwar international economic order was undergoing to serious changes.<br>Most works on Japanese diplomacy dealing with the FOC period have tended to focus on Japan's stance toward the Middle East. They generally emphasize highlight the anxiety within the government to secure a stable supply of oil as the principal reason for Japan eventually swinging toward pro-Arab policy. However, such narratives do not provide us with a whole picture, since the FOC was not only brought by Arab oil embargo. If we were to fully grasp the underlying cause of Japan's policy behavior in the FOC, we must first take into account a structural change in the international oil market since the late 1960s resulting from the strengthening of oil-producers. In the same vein, it is equally crucial to analyze how the oil consumers in general responded to the oil producers united under the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).<br>After the FOC, cooperation among oil consumer states intensified with Washington Energy Conference in February 1974, and Japan was an active participant during the process. In fact, the Japanese government was the first to announce its intention to participate in the conference. It also actively took part in Energy Coordination Group (ECG) following the Washington Energy Conference, and facilitated ECG in playing a moderating role between Great Britain and West Germany.<br>Japan actively participated in these institutional frameworks since the policymakers shared two perceptions. The first is the recognition that the oil consumers, in order to decrease their vulnerability in oil supply, must unite. The second perception is that it is important for Japan to support the maintenance of a liberal international economic order which would ensure the stable flow of oil supplies. Seen from this context, the Japanese participation in the establishment of the IEA from the first stage is a drastic deviation from past diplomatic practice of passively joining already-existing international organizations. Although Japan's role in G7 for facilitating international cooperation among advanced countries is better known, it is significant to notice that Japan's early participation in establishing cooperative framework in the aftermath of the FOC is the true turning point.
著者
吉田 浩
出版者
生活経済学会
雑誌
生活経済学研究 (ISSN:13417347)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.32, pp.123-129, 2010

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the conditions of information to be presented when the people select social security policy in aging Japan. In the following, firstly, we discuss the importance of information in selecting the policies. We examine some desirable approaches to reach the consensus through the discussion. Secondly, we survey current and future population, labor, national finances and social security in Japan. Thirdly, we evaluate the policies relating to social security of Japan quantitatively. Finally, we consider the reason why it is difficult to solve the issues on social security under the aging society and what the role of our association should have to play.
著者
MOUNE Stephanie UEURA Keiji TAKIZAWA Noboru
出版者
一般社団法人日本機械学会
雑誌
ロボティクス・メカトロニクス講演会講演概要集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2007, pp."1A2-A04(1)"-"1A2-A04(4)", 2007-05-11

This paper describes a new concept for linear motion based on the similar theory of strain wave gearing, which has been used for more than forty years by Harmonic Drive Systems Inc. Gear teeth are replaced by screw threads and rotation of the input side generates linear translation at the output. Besides design flexibility and reasonable costs, the new rotary-to-linear harmonic drive(R) has shown promising potential in positioning accuracy as well as in high load capacity. It is able to compete (and to surpass in some features) with ball screw or lead screw systems.