著者
Christi Brewer Dwight Waddell
出版者
Active Aging Research Center
雑誌
Journal of Trainology (ISSN:21865264)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, no.2, pp.45-52, 2012-12-14 (Released:2015-05-04)
参考文献数
35
被引用文献数
2 2

Prostaglandins are a diverse group of eicosanoid hormones that modulate various processes, many of which are related to inflammation. Due to this, prostaglandins are the target of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor drugs. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) mediates processes integral to successful skeletal muscle regeneration, roles elucidated through suppression of its production with various COX-inhibitors. Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of literature regarding roles for the COX-metabolite PGF2α in skeletal muscle regeneration and consequences of its suppression with COX-inhibitors. Design: Systematic review. Method: Recognition was given to early in vitro studies that first established roles for PGF2α in two specific regenerative processes, and attention was then directed to human experiments investigating the PGF2α response to aerobic and resistance exercise. Results: PGF2α mediates protein synthesis and satellite cell activity post-injury. Although methodological differences exist between experiments, research has unanimously demonstrated COX-mediated suppression of PGF2α diminishes these regenerative processes. Conclusions: All experiments in humans have been acute exercise interventions. Studies involving repeated exercise and repeated administration of COX-inhibitors seem warranted to determine if chronic use impedes skeletal muscle regeneration after exercise. Such a finding may hold serious implications for recreational athletes, patients, and clinicians managing musculoskeletal pain or diseases with regular use of COX-inhibitors.
著者
復興局 編
出版者
土木学会
巻号頁・発行日
vol.第3巻, 1927
著者
阿久津 勝則
雑誌
騒音制御 (ISSN:03868761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.4, pp.184-185, 1998-08-01
被引用文献数
1
著者
Hiroki Koda
出版者
日本音声学会
雑誌
音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.1, pp.16-22, 2017-04-30 (Released:2017-09-12)
参考文献数
40

Language is unique to humans and no equivalent cognitive/communication system has been found in other animals, but many similarities have been reported, such as in bird song “syntax” or monkey call “semantics.” Phonology is considered a unique area of the human faculty of language, but recent studies on both monkeys and birds have shown similarities, and further claimed a “new” precursor for the faculty of language. Many linguistic components, including phonology, could be precursors, pre-existing abilities in nonhuman animals, and acquisition of these precursors could act as a pre-adaptation for the emergence of human language.
著者
国書刊行会 編
出版者
国書刊行会
巻号頁・発行日
vol.第1, 1912

3 0 0 0 OA 大百科事典

著者
平凡社 編
出版者
平凡社
巻号頁・発行日
vol.第2巻 第1冊, 1939
著者
戸江 哲理
出版者
日本社会学会
雑誌
社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.3, pp.319-337, 2016 (Released:2017-12-31)
参考文献数
19

家族社会学では, 家族を構造 (であるもの) としてではなく, 実践 (するもの・見せるもの) として捉える研究の道筋が切り開かれつつある. 他方で, 家族とは何かという問いを研究者にとっての問題である以前に, 市井の人々自身にとっての問題と捉える研究も登場している. 両者が合流するところに, 人々の立場からその日々のふるまいを検討するという研究課題が生まれる. 会話分析はこの研究課題に取り組む術を提供する. そこで本稿では, 親をすることや親だということを見せることが可能になるしくみのひとつを解明する. そのために本稿は, 母親が同じ場所にいる自分の幼い子どもを「この人」と呼ぶ発言とそれをふくむやりとりを検討する. この呼びかたは, 母親が子どもを子どもとして捉えていないように思えるだろう. だが, 分析の結果, そうではないことが明らかになった. 「この人」は, 近くにいる (「この」) 人物 (「人」) であること以外に, そう呼ばれた人物についていっさいの特徴づけを行わない. それによって, 「この人」はそう呼ばれた人物をめぐる隔たりを刻印する. 母親は, 自分の子どもを「この人」と呼ぶことによって, 普通の子どもとの隔たりを刻印する. あるいはその例外性を際立たせる. 子どもを例外扱いできる人物は, その子どもをよく知っている人物である. 母親は子どもを「この人」と呼ぶことによって, 自分がそんな人物であることを打ち出せる. 子どもを「この人」と呼ぶことは母親としての特権なのである.
著者
Yasuhiro ITO Akira MIYAUCHI
出版者
The Japan Endocrine Society
雑誌
Endocrine Journal (ISSN:09188959)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.56, no.2, pp.177-192, 2009 (Released:2009-04-29)
参考文献数
113
被引用文献数
67 100

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma originates from thyroid follicular cells and is the most prominent malignancy of the endocrine organs. There are two histological types of differentiated carcinoma, namely, papillary and follicular carcinoma. According to reports from Western countries, papillary carcinoma comprises 85.3% of thyroid malignancies in whites, and 72.3% in blacks [1, 2]. In Japan, a previous study showed that the prevalence of papillary carcinoma was 78.4% based on material registered between 1977 and 1986 [3], but according to recent findings reported in 2004 by Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgeons (JSTS), papillary carcinoma accounted for as much as 93% of all thyroid carcinomas. Papillary carcinoma frequently metastasizes to the regional lymph node and shows multicentricity in the thyroid gland. It usually shows a typical ultrasonographic appearance and can be rather easily diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) [4-6]. Follicular carcinoma accounts for 10.9-20.5% of the patients in the United States [1, 2]. In Japan, the prevalence of follicular carcinoma was reported to be 17.2% [3], but it decreased to 5% in a report by JSTS in 2004. This carcinoma is only occasionally diagnosed preoperatively, because it is hard to discriminate follicular carcinoma from benign adenoma on imaging studies and cytologic findings. In contrast to papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma more often metastasizes to distant organs than regional lymph nodes. In Japan, the prevalence of papillary carcinoma increased and that of follicular carcinoma decreased between reports from 1977 to 1986 and that in 2004, which may be because follicular variant of papillary carcinoma was classified into follicular carcinoma in the previous results. Generally, these carcinomas show an indolent character, but when the lesion dedifferentiates and becomes undifferentiated carcinoma, it displays very rapid growth with an adverse prognosis and is regarded even as the most aggressive malignancy among human solid carcinomas [7, 8]. Furthermore, cases showing certain characteristics are likely to be constantly progressive and even become life-threatening. Such cases should be regarded as "high-risk" requiring careful and extensive surgical treatment and postoperative follow-up. Indeed, it is most important for physicians to correctly distinguish high-risk cases from those with an indolent character, although how to evaluate the biological characteristics of thyroid carcinoma and how to identify high-risk cases remains highly controversial. In this review, the methods of distinguishing high-risk cases and the appropriate therapeutic strategies for papillary and follicular carcinomas predominantly based on our experience are emphasized and our proposals for therapies including surgical treatment are demonstrated.

3 0 0 0 OA 英文学覚帳

著者
戸川秋骨 著
出版者
大岡山書店
巻号頁・発行日
1926