著者

喜多 源典

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.69-81, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-07-09)

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This paper examines the philosophy of “All being is contracted conversely by its absolute empty” by Suzuki Tohru, who systematically developed upon Nishida Kitaro’s philosophy, and highlights the significance of the possibility of the critical succession of “Philosophy of Action,” which was aimed at in Nishida’s later thought. After authoring Fundamental Problems of Philosophy - The World of Action (1933), Nishida Kitaro attempted to construct his own philosophy from a “viewpoint of action.” However, there are various problems in Nishida’s attempt to create a “Philosophy of Action.” For example, Miki Kiyoshi criticized “the weakness of the process-based nature of the finite world itself” in Nishida’s philosophy. Although Miki, Tanabe Hajime, and Takizawa Katsumi sought to develop methods to overcome this problem, the construction of “Philosophy of Action” remains a work in progress. In this paper, we will show that Suzuki Tohru’s philosophy of “all being is contracted conversely by its absolute empty” can be critically inherited from Nishida’s “Philosophy of Action.” We consider this from the viewpoint of the “Philosophy of action” while conducting a comparative examination of the philosophy of Nishida, Miki, and Takizawa and that of Suzuki Tohru.

著者

新井 朝雄

出版者

龍谷哲学会

雑誌

龍谷哲学論集 (ISSN:09176284)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.1-42, 2018

著者

鈴木 朋子

出版者

静岡哲学会

雑誌

文化と哲学 = Journal of Culture and Philosophy

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, pp.18-28, 2023-07-01

著者

氣多 雅子

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.131-136, 2013-03-31 (Released:2019-08-08)

著者

若濱 五郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本雪氷学会

雑誌

雪氷 (ISSN:03731006)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.6, pp.581-600, 2017 (Released:2023-03-01)

参考文献数

41

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中谷宇吉郎先生は雪氷学の世界的な研究者である.天然雪の結晶の分類,人工雪の作成,種々の結晶形の生成条件など世界に先駆けた独創的な研究は,戦後発展した雲物理学,人工降雨,結晶成長などの基礎となった.中谷ダイヤグラムは現在も世界の科学者が結晶成長,形の物理の立場から研究されている.先生は更に積雪,凍土,着氷雪,霧など,寒冷地における自然現象と人間との関わり合いを総合的に研究する新分野「低温科学」を創始された.これは「雪氷寒冷圏の環境研究」の先駆けとなった.先生は実用研究も重視され,雪氷災害の軽減防除,水資源の調査などを広汎に行なった.戦後,先生はアメリカに招かれ,雪氷永久凍土研究所(SIPRE)の創設の指導をされる傍ら,念願の雪氷三部作(雪,積雪,氷)の完結を目指し,グリーンランドを舞台にして積雪の氷化過程,深層氷の物理研究を開始された.その途上,病に倒れられ,未完に終ったのは残念至極である.先生は寺田寅彦を師と仰ぎつつ,講演,文筆を通じて科学を一般に普及した.誰にも分かり易く面白く,かつ哲学や教訓も含む中谷独自の世界を展開した多数の随筆は,今も広く愛読されている.先生は今なお生きておられるのである.

著者

加藤 等

出版者

金沢大学法文学部 = The Faculty of Law and Literature, Kanazawa University

雑誌

金沢大学法文学部論集. 哲学史学篇 = Studies and essays by the Faculty of Law and Literature, Kanazawa University. Philosophy and history (ISSN:04497430)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.187-201, 1953-11-25

著者

児玉 聡

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2023, no.74, pp.22-30, 2023-04-01 (Released:2023-06-28)

著者

谷田 雄毅

出版者

科学基礎論学会

雑誌

科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.1-14, 2021 (Released:2021-12-14)

参考文献数

39

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In this paper, we discuss an uncertainty of mental concepts. In the application of mental concepts, we often face disagreement. For example, observing a behavior, some person judges he/she is sad, but others do not. Surprisingly, in his Last Writings on the Philosophy of Psychology, Wittgenstein says that there is an uncertainty of criteria in the mental concepts. In other words, he thinks disagreement in judgements about other’s mental state originates from conceptual dimension rather than empirical dimension. (e.g., differences in context and information quantity) The goal of our study is to clarify why mental concepts have this kind of uncertainty.

著者

酒井 麻依子

出版者

日仏哲学会

雑誌

フランス哲学・思想研究 (ISSN:13431773)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, pp.21-32, 2022-09-01 (Released:2022-10-01)

著者

木島 泰三

出版者

日本イギリス哲学会

雑誌

イギリス哲学研究 (ISSN:03877450)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.5-19, 1999-03-27 (Released:2018-04-25)

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In 1957, Howard Warrender published an influential and controversial work, The Political Philosopy of Hobbes, which gives so-called “religionist interpretation” of Hobbes's “natural law” theory. We critically evaluate Warrender's claim that God plays an essential role in the foundation of Hobbes's rational/natural law theory. This examination mainly deals with chapter 31 of Leviathan, “of the Kingdom of God by Nature”, on which Warrender's claim is based. After having examined the Hobbesian topic in the chapter, “natural punishments”, we conclude that Warrender's “religionist interpretation” is unsustainable.

著者

木村 龜二

出版者

日本法哲学会

雑誌

法哲学年報 (ISSN:03872890)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1962, pp.1-30, 1963-04-20 (Released:2009-02-12)

参考文献数

43

著者

石山 文彦

出版者

日本法哲学会

雑誌

法哲学年報 (ISSN:03872890)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1989, pp.179-188, 1990-08-25 (Released:2008-11-17)

参考文献数

10

著者

西條 玲奈

出版者

北海道哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:02872560)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.7-23, 2008-02-29

著者

富山 豊

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2017, no.68, pp.155-168, 2017-04-01 (Released:2017-06-14)

参考文献数

8

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The internalism/externalism debate is one of the most important issues discussed in such areas of contemporary philosophy as philosophy of language, philosophy of mind (philosophy of thought), and epistemology. Husserl’s phenomenology might also be regarded as a kind of internalism since it emphasizes its methodological reduction into the internal sphere of experiences (“phenomenological reduction”). Externalist criticisms against some naive forms of internalist prejudice, however, seem to contain some important insights concerning the concepts of meaning, knowledge, and mental content (or propositional attitudes). Therefore I would like to try to defend Husserl’s basic insight concerning the concept of meaning, by adjusting it to accommodate this externalist insight. This “adjusting”, however, is not a distortion of Husserl’s original philosophy. I believe that it is just a precise explication of Husserl’s own insight as it really is.In order to show this, I will try to survey the early Husserl’s theory of meaning first, bringing out its internalistic features. Secondly, I introduce a kind of externalist criticism relevant to the theory. Thirdly, I would like to try to reconcile them, focusing on the contextuality of experience. Then, finally, I will consider the objectivity of scientific knowledge. I will argue that Husserl can accept the contextualityof meaning from the viewpoint of the contextuality of experience, in a way which does not destroy the objectivity of scientific knowledge.

著者

柘植 尚則

出版者

関西倫理学会

雑誌

倫理学研究 (ISSN:03877485)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.3, 2012 (Released:2018-03-15)

著者

永井 均

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1983, no.33, pp.213-223, 1983-05-01 (Released:2009-07-23)

著者

森 禎徳

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.10-20, 2015-09-30 (Released:2018-02-01)

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Withholding medical treatment to neonates born with congenital diseases has been prevailed in many countries since the 1970s. In Japan, several guidelines have been established that classify the cases in which we are permitted to withhold life-prolonging treatment. Nonetheless, no definite social consensus has been reached about whether and how withholding treatment because of disability can be ethically valid. Our aim in this study was to clarify the standards of withholding medical treatment to handicapped neonates that are ethically justifiable. First, we point out that withholding treatment to infants is essentially different from ordinary cases because the infant patients utterly lack autonomy. Then, we argue that "intolerable suffering," "quality of life," and even "the best interest" can never compensate for the lack of autonomy. These principles are inadequate for the standard we seek because objective validity is required for the criterion to justify selective nontreatment of infants with handicaps but aforementioned principles can acquire only subjective and individual validity. Consequently, we examined the justifiability of deciding selective nontreatment, which can be both ethical and feasible, claiming the importance of changing our point of view from an individual to a social level, and of a decision-making system based on a broad consensus, not on personal will. Meanwhile, we propose introducing palliative care for terminally ill neonates in order to provide them with dignified end-of-life phase.

著者

松田 克進

出版者

日本哲学会

雑誌

哲学 (ISSN:03873358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1995, no.46, pp.60-69,3, 1995-10-01 (Released:2009-07-23)

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Many contemporary philosophers disagree to Cartesian Dualism (CD) saying that it results in solipsism, but the author shows that this is not the case. Their argument against CD is based on the belief that we could not know another person has a mind if we accepted CD, and one of the essential reasons for this belief is the view that the connection between mental workings and corporeal behaviors is at best contingent. However, Descartes himself denies this view when he proposes the 'argument from language', which says that the impossibility of mechanical explanation of speech behavior enables us to attribute minds to others.

著者

森田 塁

出版者

日本映像学会

雑誌

映像学 (ISSN:02860279)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, pp.56-77, 2021-07-25 (Released:2021-08-25)

参考文献数

23

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福原信三の写真論「写真の新使命」は、彼が創刊した雑誌『写真芸術』において、1922年の4月から9回に渡って掲載されたエッセイである。これはのちに多くの写真論を書くことになる福原が、初めて明確な目的のもとに書いた文章である。従来福原の写真論は、「光と其階調」という理念を提唱したことによって知られており、写真に写す対象を光の調子に還元する彼の写真作品の様式を説明する理論として理解されてきた。こうした先行研究に基づきながらも、本稿では福原の写真論を、写真を撮影する者が撮影行為における知覚のはたらきを記述したテクストとして解釈することを提示したい。そのために「写真の新使命」の精読を行う。第1節では、福原が「写真」と「芸術」をどのように関係づけたのかを明らかにする。第2節では、彼が自身の写真芸術にとって理想と考えた撮影行為を、「写真的知覚」の形成として考察する。第3節では、カメラを手にする者が到達すべきだと考えられた「主客合一境」という概念の意味を、西田幾多郎の哲学との関係において検討する。さらに以上の考察を踏まえて、福原の撮影行為における「即興」の必然性を明らかにする。結論として、この福原の写真論が、撮影行為における知覚の重要性という普遍的な問題を探究するテクストであることを論じる。

著者

上田 有輝

出版者

日本ホワイトヘッド・プロセス学会

雑誌

プロセス思想 (ISSN:21853207)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.81-113, 2022 (Released:2023-04-09)

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The recent publication of A. N. Whitehead’s Harvard Lectures has turned scholars’ attention to the important role the concept of “evolution” may have played in the formation of his cosmology . Following this discovery, this paper aims to identify a “philosophy of evolution” as a general study on the modes of becoming of various types of entities, which underlies his well-known “philosophy of organism.” In light of his emphasis on change over stability, the paper argues that the concept of evolution in Whitehead’s system points to the way in which the various orders of nature co-become from the chaotic flux of events as emergent “values,” forming what he calls “societies.” Although this idea clearly differs from the nineteenth century theories of social evolution, the paper further suggests that Whitehead’s incorporation of a theory of value realization into the concept of evolution nevertheless ends up putting the latter in an ambiguous position in relation to the idea of progress. Finally, the paper considers the implications of the “philosophy of evolution” for the question of philosophical method. A close reading of the 1936 discussion between Whitehead and John Dewey shows how Whitehead ’s notion of “aesthetic enjoyment” corresponds with Dewey’s idea of “enrichment of life,” both of which are inseparable from their respective philosophical responses to the evolutionary worldview.