著者

Yu Takahashi Kento Ishii Yukie Kikkawa Kayo Horikiri Satoshi Tsuneda

出版者

Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology / Taiwan Society of Microbial Ecology / Japanese Society of Plant Microbe Interactions / Japanese Society for Extremophiles

雑誌

Microbes and Environments (ISSN:13426311)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.ME22040, 2022 (Released:2022-10-05)

参考文献数

24

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In contrast to pathogens, the effects of environmental microbes on the water quality in baths have not yet been examined in detail. We herein focused on a public bath in which groundwater was pumped up as bath water and disinfected by chlorination. Ammonia in groundwater is oxidized to nitrite, thereby reducing residual chlorine. A batch-culture test and bacterial community ana­lysis revealed that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria accumulated nitrite and had higher resistance to chlorination than nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. These results demonstrate that the difference in resistance to chlorination between ammonia-oxidizing and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria may lead to the accumulation of nitrite in baths using groundwater.

著者

日本書房 編

出版者

日本書房

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第2巻, 1938

著者

九曜会野村翁伝記編さん委員会 編著

出版者

九曜会 (高知県交通株式会社内)

巻号頁・発行日

1965

著者

熊本 博之

出版者

環境社会学会

雑誌

環境社会学研究 (ISSN:24340618)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.22-40, 2015-12-25 (Released:2018-10-26)

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普天間基地の移設予定地である辺野古には,「政治の時間」「運動の時間」「生活の時間」という3つの時間が流れており,辺野古が「政治の場」となったことで前2者が支配的になり,「生活の時間」が不可視化されている。本稿の目的は,軍事施設としての普天間代替施設に着目しながら,不可視化をもたらす構造を明らかにしたうえで,「生活の時間」を可視化することの必要性とそこから拓かれる地平を提示することにある。辺野古住民の「生活の時間」は,米海兵隊基地キャンプ・シュワブとの歴史を通して形成されたものであり,それゆえに辺野古は米軍基地の全面撤去を主張できない。普天間代替施設については「来ないに越したことはない」と考えているが,「生活の時間」に基づいた未来のことを考えると条件つきでの受け入れ容認の立場をとらざるを得ない。しかしこの複雑な態度は,「生活の時間」を共有しようとしない反対運動参加者からは理解され得ず,対立にまで発展し,ついに辺野古は反対運動の撤退を要請するに至った。だがその行為は結果的に辺野古から反対の選択肢を奪ってしまうことになる。そのような「統治への荷担」へと帰結しないためには,「生活の時間」を可視化し,共有することで,「政治の時間」への抗いを「統治への抗い」にしなければならない。

著者

市丸 嘉

出版者

公益社団法人 有機合成化学協会

雑誌

有機合成化学協会誌 (ISSN:00379980)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.10, pp.993-994, 2016-10-01 (Released:2016-11-07)

参考文献数

7

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Recently, the development of selective and powerful inhibitors for enzymes and receptors by structural basis chemical biology is desired. The development has been made successfully by addition of potential to form covalent-linkage with the target-protein to affinity component. Michael acceptors are a powerful and hopeful function to introduce a potential of the covalent-linkage formation to the anticancer agents. This short review describes several recent examples utilizing the covalent-linkage based on the Michael addition reaction in vivo and a possibility of reversible control of the adduct formation.

著者

江口 匠 Takumi Eguchi

出版者

学習院大学人文科学研究所

雑誌

人文 (ISSN:18817920)

巻号頁・発行日

no.14, pp.59-77, 2016-03

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接続助詞「て」には多くの用法が存在するが、その逆接を表す場合については十分な分析がなされていない。逆接用法の存在は指摘されているものの、例えば「文脈から判断される」程度の記述で、その構文的条件、意味的派生過程に関する考察はほとんどなされていない。そこで、本稿では「て」の〈逆接〉を統語規則・語彙的制約から3 分類し、構文的条件を明らかにすることを試みた。それに併行して、類義形式と捉えられ得る「が・けれど」「のに」と比較し、それらとの相違と「て」の〈逆接〉の独自性について考察した。〈逆接〉を表す「て」は以下の3 つに整理できる。①シテ節とその主節とで一つの慣用句的表現として成立する「X してX しない[ふり/顔]をする」構文で表され、X には「知る」「見る」「聞く」が用いられる。既に知覚した事態にもかかわらず知覚していないように装うことで、〈逆接〉として解釈されることから《偽装》型と名付ける。②「X していてY する」構文で表され、X に「知る」「わかる」、Y に動作動詞が用いられる。動作の対象にとって不都合だと承知の上で行動を起こすことで、〈逆接〉らしさが生まれることから《敢行》型と呼称する。③指示表現や数詞が共起し、「X してY しない」「X してY するのか」「X してY する[補文標識]Z である」(Zは評価を表す述語)の3 構文のいずれかで表される。一般論と現実の状態・属性とが相反することで〈逆接〉と捉えられ、その有り様に対して話者が意外・不満の感情を抱くことから《意外性》型と呼ぶ。以上3 つとも、構文的・意味的に一定の型があることがわかった。The conjunction “te” has many usages. It is said that contradictory conjunction “te” is decided from the context, however its syntactic and semantic feature don’t become apparently.Therefore, I classified the contradictory conjunction “te” into three types from vocabulary terms and syntactic rules. Besides, through comparisons of synonyms with “te” as contradictory conjunction, “ga” and “noni”, I emphasize the characteristic of it.The first type involves, «pretending». It is represented by the following sentence structure:“XshiteXshinaihuriwosuru”. Verbs such as “miru”, “kiku”, or “shiru” are placed where there is an X. From that we pretend to not recognize a situation, though we were recognized, I named it «pretending». The second type involves an, «intentionally act». It is represented by sentence structure: “XshiteiteYsuru”. Verbs such as “siru” or “wakaru” is placed where there is an X,and a different verb is placed where there is a Y. From that we take action on the agreement that it is inconvenient for an object of an agent. I called it «intentionally act». The third type involves a, «comparing». It is that demonstrative or numeral co-occur contradictory conjunction “te”, and it is represented by sentence structure: either “XshiteYshinai”, “XshiteYsurunoka” or“XshiteYsuru [toha, nante or noha] Zdearu”. From that a reality contradict a condition is generally supposed, I named it «dissatisfied». Finally, this paper introduced that “te” as contradictory conjunction has three types which is syntactically and semantically different.

著者

犬童 健良

出版者

学校法人 関東学園大学

雑誌

関東学園大学経済学紀要 (ISSN:21878498)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.19-43, 2018 (Released:2018-03-30)

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Prospect Theory (PT), as proposed by Kahneman and Tversky (Econometrica, 47(2), 263-292, 1979), is employed to study reference-point dependent preferences in order to describe real human behavior in decisions under risk, where typically observed patterns of choice over given lotteries violate the assumption of maximizing expected utility, for example in Allais’ paradox. This theory assumes a probability weighting function (typically inverse S-shaped) and a value function (typically concave above and convex below the reference point) for at most two possible outcomes. It also assumes a single reference point as the monetary value for each lottery. Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) (Tversky and Kahneman, Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5(4), 297-323, 1992) and Third Generation Prospect Theory (PT3) (Schmidt, Starmer, and Sugden, Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 36(3), 203-223, 2008) have been proposed as advanced versions of Prospect Theory. Both advanced theories generalize PT for finite outcomes by using rank-dependent transformation (i.e., the Choquet integral). However, PT and CPT do not explicitly explain how to specify the reference point for each choice problem of a decision maker and the descriptive power of CPT is severely restricted due to its satisfying stochastic dominance. PT3 allows stochastic reference points in order to predict the phenomenon of preference reversals, which the original PT and CPT cannot predict. In PT3, the problem of reference point selection is partially solved by assuming the lottery that is not chosen forms the reference point for each state satisfying a state-dependent version of stochastic dominance. However, this paper presents a computer simulation of CPT, which can predict both types of problems: a common ratio effect (CRE) and common consequence effect (CCE), which may have very different parameters from those empirically proposed by Tversky and Kahneman. It also shows that the prediction of CPT (and PT3) never qualitatively improves in the specified problem considered in this paper, even if shifts in the reference point and its stochastic indetermination are explicitly incorporated.

著者

犬童 健良

出版者

学校法人 関東学園大学

雑誌

関東学園大学経済学紀要 (ISSN:21878498)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.1-29, 2021 (Released:2021-03-31)

参考文献数

65

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The probability weighting function is a quantitative model that captures people's responses to risk as a non-linear bias to probability. Various fields such as psychology, economics, and management science apply this function. However, the one-parameter functional form in Tversky and Kahneman’s cumulative prospect theory (CPT) is not capable of predicting the common consequence elimination case originally presented by Allais. Additionally, it cannot model the reference dependency in this problem. Therefore, we proposed a series of computational experiments of a modified version of CPT with a beta distribution; that is, an incomplete beta ratio and other functional forms, including generalized hyperbolic discounting, instead of the original probability weighting function used in CPT. The results reveal that the modified CPT with a beta distribution can reproduce a typical choice pattern in the Allais paradox and reference dependency under more natural inverse S-shaped curvature.

著者

タン チュンハオ 加藤 洋一郎

出版者

CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

日本作物学会講演会要旨集

巻号頁・発行日

pp.82, 2022-09-18 (Released:2022-09-16)

著者

永田 勝太郎 長谷川 拓也 喜山 克彦 青山 幸生 広門 靖正 大槻 千佳

出版者

一般社団法人 日本温泉気候物理医学会

雑誌

日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌 (ISSN:00290343)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.4, pp.238-244, 2007 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

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ObjectiveSeventeen patients with FMS were treated with balneo-Morita therapy, which combines the balneotherapy with Morita therapy. After one year of treatment, patients with favorable outcome were compared with those with poor outcome.Subjects and methodsThe mean treatment period was 4.3 weeks. The outcome after one year of treatment was assessed. Patients who were able to return to work without a relapse of FMS were classified into the responsive group (13 cases, 74.6% in all), and those who showed a relapse or were not able to return to work were classified into the unresponsive group (4 cases, 23.5%). The cases of these two groups were compared in terms of biological (physical), psychological, social and existential status induvidually.ResultsThere was no significant difference in sex or age distribution between the two groups. In terms of disease entity, FMS can be classified into psychosomatic type (hyperadaptation type) and neurotic type (possible presence of psychosocial-existential problems which are difficult to resolve such as great trauma, or the conditions ranging from neurosis to psychosis). Cases of neurotic type were prevailing in the unresponsive group. Patients were assessed to find out in which of the particular features of biological, psychological, social and existential aspects the notable problems proper to each patient lie.The number of patients having psychological problems was higher in the unresponsive group, with a significant difference. In one case of the unresponsive group, the condition changed into ME/CFS (myalgic encephalopathy/chronic fatigue syndrome).DiscussionIn the treatment of these patients, the somatic approaches or physical therapy such as pharmacological therapy or simple balneotherapy, should be given more importance for cases of the psychosomatic type. However, psychological therapy should be added to this treatment for cases of neurotic type. The efficacy of the balneo-Morita therapy was compared between the groups as classified by the type of the disease. The therapy was effective in 91.6% of the cases of psychosomatic type, while the efficacy rate was 40.0% for cases of neurotic type. During the period of the balneo-Morita therapy, a tendency of dependency on therapists may appear in patients. Although involution may be allowed transiently for the purpose of introducing catharsis, autonomy should be enhanced eventually. Yuatari (balneo-phenomenon, or balneo-intoxication) is a phenomenon, that develops in psychosomatic confusion resulting from sudden release from tension after the start of balneotherapy. This phenomenon is regarded as catharsis, from which patients are encouraged to establish a new self. Through this therapeutic experience, the therapists lead the patients from involution to autonomy without being so instructed, finally to cause a change in the way of living. In cases of psychosomatic type, this conversion was relatively easily achieved, but in cases of neurotic type such conversion was difficult. It is considered that difficulty in such conversion is attributable to psychological factors of patients (strength of self, severity of trauma, presence or absence of meaning, autonomy).

著者

出村 和彦

出版者

東京都立大学哲学会

雑誌

哲学誌 (ISSN:02895056)

巻号頁・発行日

no.43, pp.1-17, 2001-03-20

著者

群馬県教育会 編

出版者

群馬県教育会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第2巻, 1927

著者

土居 嗣和

出版者

早稲田大学高等学院

雑誌

早稲田大学高等学院研究年誌 (ISSN:02871653)

巻号頁・発行日

no.64, pp.35-56, 2020-03-10

著者

山内 清郎

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, no.94, pp.91-97, 2006-11-10 (Released:2010-01-22)

参考文献数

7

著者

阿部 晋吾 高木 修

出版者

日本犯罪心理学会

雑誌

犯罪心理学研究 (ISSN:00177547)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.1-8, 2006 (Released:2018-06-29)

参考文献数

8

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In this study, participants (229 students) responded to a questionnaire on how they express and are expressed anger. Results indicated that the anger expression caused by “broken promise and betrayal” occurred more often in the intimate relationship than in the estranged relationship. It was also suggested that the anger expression caused by “broken promise and betrayal” tended to be evaluated more justifiable, and had more positive interpersonal effects. Therefore, it could be said that the prior promise has important implication for the social function of anger expression.

著者

柴嵜 雅子 シバサキ マサコ Masako Shibasaki

雑誌

国際研究論叢 : 大阪国際大学紀要 = OIU journal of international studies

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.11-24, 2009-10-31

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At the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz, Eva Kor, a former subject of Mengele’s experiments, declared that she would forgive all Nazis. This statement has stirred outrage among many Holocaust survivors. In order to review her intent, this paper first clarifies the meanings of forgiveness in general, referring to the latest philosophical and psychological studies. The second chapter examines some comments on Simon Wiesenthal’s “The Sunflower” which poses a conundrum about whether we should forgive a dying remorseful Nazi. The opinions of those like the Dalai Lama and Desmond Tutu, based on the Buddhist weltanschauung and the African concept of “ubuntu” respectively, introduce us to a new dimension for forgiving criminals of heinous atrocities. The third chapter analyzes Kor’s proposal to heal both victims and perpetrators of the genocide, which proves to be in line with restorative justice.

著者

松岡 雄太

出版者

長崎外国語大学

雑誌

長崎外大論叢 = The Journal of Nagasaki University of Foreign Studies (ISSN:13464981)

巻号頁・発行日

no.17, pp.61-80, 2013-12-30

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The Chinese translators at Nagasaki received an order to study Manchu language from Tokugawa Shognate in the early 19th century. As a result, they edited two Manchu-Japanese dictionaries: Honyakumango sanhen and Shinbunkan wage , half a century later. This paper discusses mainly the following four points: first, why did it take about 50 years from being given the mandate to study Manchu language to editthese dictionaries? Second, what kind of the Chinese translators participated to edit them? Third, how did the Chinese translators plan to edit them? Finally, when did they edit Shinbunkan wage that were not obvious exactly?

著者

佐藤 寛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本認知・行動療法学会

雑誌

行動療法研究 (ISSN:09106529)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.177-187, 2005-09-30 (Released:2019-04-06)

被引用文献数

1

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本研究の目的は、児童の非機能的態度を測定する尺度(DAIC)を作成し、非機能的態度が抑うつ症状と不安症状にどのような影響を与えているか検討することであった。まず、調査1において、小学校4年生から6年生までの451名にDAICを実施した。探索的因子分析の結果、児童の非機i能的態度には、「破局的・絶望的態度」と「賞賛・承認希求的態度」の2因子があることが明らかにされた。また、DAICは、ある程度の信頼性と妥当性を有することが確認された。次に、調査IIにおいて、小学校4年生から6年生までの617名を対象に、児童の非機能的態度が抑うつ症状と不安症状に与える影響について検討した。その結果、破局的・絶望的態度は抑うつ症状と不安症状を促進するものの、賞賛・承認希求的態度は抑うつ症状とは関連をもたず、不安症状に対してのみ促進的影響を及ぼしていることが示唆された。以上のことから、児童の非機能的態度の変容を目標とした認知行動療法的介入についての留意点が議論された。

著者

冨田 寛

出版者

一般社団法人 日本耳鼻咽喉科頭頸部外科学会

雑誌

日本耳鼻咽喉科学会会報 (ISSN:00306622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.5, pp.415-418, 1974-05-20 (Released:2008-03-19)

被引用文献数

1

著者

東京美術学校 編

出版者

東京美術学校

巻号頁・発行日

vol.従大正4年至5年, 1925