2 0 0 0 OA Scaling Precarity

著者
Mariko Yoshida
出版者
Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology
雑誌
Japanese Review of Cultural Anthropology (ISSN:24325112)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.1, pp.457-491, 2020 (Released:2021-05-27)
参考文献数
56

In the context of the climate crisis, seawater scaling reveals the precarity of the ocean. Yet scaling as a process of knowledge production in ocean science unavoidably allows us to overlook the representation of complicated local biophysical relationships by using universalized measurements. Based on observations I made with a team of marine physiologists who investigate the effects of ocean acidification on mollusks, this paper shows practices of knowledge production about ocean precarity in Japan. By describing human-nonhuman entanglements that emerge in ecological disturbances, I demonstrate relational contestation over the measurement of unevenly distributed biosocial vulnerabilities. The sometimes unexpected interactions of sessile organisms, measurement devices, and marine physiologists with mollusks show complex processes of encounter rather than stylized biophysical representations. Recognizing the material semiotics of ocean acidification, in which chemical compounds, biological organisms, hydrological and geomorphological parameters, and other "things" become entangled, allows us to go beyond scalable metrics to understand the Ocean as a precarious place.
著者
勝山 美海 花田 恵介 河野 正志 市村 幸盛 竹林 崇
出版者
一般社団法人 日本作業療法士協会
雑誌
作業療法 (ISSN:02894920)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, no.6, pp.733-741, 2020-12-15 (Released:2020-12-15)
参考文献数
19

要旨:右上肢麻痺を呈した亜急性期脳梗塞患者1例に対して,リストバンド型活動量計を用いた行動心理学的介入(Transfer Package)を行った.作業療法介入は,第17病日から1回2時間,週3回,計10回行った.また上肢活動量計測は1週ごとに実施し,対象者に示した.その結果,麻痺側上肢機能と日常生活における麻痺手の使用頻度は改善し,外来終了2ヵ月後にも維持された.上肢活動量の客観的計測は,対象者と作業療法士の双方が麻痺手の使用状況を客観的に振り返ることができ,Transfer Packageをより効率化できると思われた.今後はケースシリーズ研究や比較研究を行い,その有効性を確認する必要がある.
著者
Atsushi Akiike Tohru Yoshioka-Kobayashi Sotaro Katsumata
出版者
Global Business Research Center
雑誌
Annals of Business Administrative Science (ISSN:13474464)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.0190908a, (Released:2019-10-26)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
2

Eisenman (2013) argues that the importance of design innovation increases in the early and late stages of an industry and is lowest in the middle stage. In response, this study empirically examines her proposition through an examination of mobile phones during the feature phone era (1999–2008) when various types of designs were being generated using design patent data. We analyze the number of mobile phone design patents registered before the current advent of smart phones as well as examining the yearly averages of forward citations (the number of times a particular design patent is cited in later design patents) and backward citations (the number of times a particular design patent cites previous design patents). Further, to shed light on interactions with an accumulation of design-related technology, the study also analyzes the number of design-related patent applications per year. Results reveal that while there was an increase in the number of design patents registered in the late stage of the industry, especially between the years of 2007–2008, the average number of forward citations drops below the average number of backward citations from 2003 onward. In other words, although at the late stages of the industry many design innovations emerged, most of these were incremental changes that followed past designs. In contrast, design-related patent applications reached a peak in 2004 and fell thereafter. It is hypothesized that this trend was influenced by the growing number of design-related patents that facilitated the easy generation of new variations in design. These results show the dilemma: Although design innovations continue to be generated over time by accumulating design-related technology, creating genuinely impactful design innovation becomes more difficult as time progresses. The study therefore demonstrates the difficulty of realizing Eisenman (2013)’s theoretical proposition.
著者
角田 衣理加 大島 朋子 前田 伸子
出版者
日本歯科薬物療法学会
雑誌
歯科薬物療法 (ISSN:02881012)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.1, pp.1-10, 2009-04-01 (Released:2009-12-22)
参考文献数
22
被引用文献数
1

Aromatherapy has been widely used in Europe as a phytotherapy for promoting general health or as a beauty treatment, however, the effectiveness of aromatherapy in the field of dentistry has not yet been determined.The purposes of this study were to estimate the anti-microbiological and anti-biofilm forming effects of essential oils against mutans streptococci, periodontal pathogens and oral indigenous true fungi. Seven essential oils, a blended essential oil with tea tree, peppermint, and lemon oils (TPL oils) which is known as a recommended blend for preventing halitosis, and one of the TPL oils replaced by another essential oil were used in this study. All tested essential oils showed anti-microbiological, anti-biofilm forming effects against the tested microorganisms. Specifically, lemongrass and peppermint oils had strong anti-microbiological effects. In addition, the anti-halitosis effect of a mouthwash containing 0.3% TPL oils was examined in ten periodontal patients. Volatile sulfur compounds, including hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan, which are the main malodorous substances, tended to decrease after gargling with a mouthwash containing 0.3% TPL oils.The results of this study showed that essential oils indeed play a role in the treatment and prevention of oral diseases, especially periodontitis, candidiasis and halitosis, thereby suggesting the effectiveness of such essential oils.
著者
出村 雅彦
出版者
一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.6, pp.252-257, 2021-06-01 (Released:2021-06-01)

材料分野においてもデータ駆動研究への期待が大きい。本稿では,データ駆動材料開発の最近の取り組みを概説する。材料データは必ずしも豊富にあるわけではないものの,データ駆動による材料・プロセスの探索は,金属,高分子,無機化合物等々へ広がり,自動実験・計測との連携も始まっている。メカニズムの探究など高度な活用や独自のツール開発も進んできている。基盤となる材料データプラットフォームについては,今後,全国的な展開が期待される。
著者
小野 光
出版者
法政大学大学院デザイン工学研究科
雑誌
法政大学大学院紀要. デザイン工学研究科編 = 法政大学大学院紀要. デザイン工学研究科編 (ISSN:21867240)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, pp.1-5, 2012-03

Darts is one of the most popular indoor sports played all over the world regardless of age or sex. Although darts includes a wide variety of games and millions of people play them today, so far there have not been a large number of studies that have tried to examine the strategic aspects of the games. This paper deals with cricket, which is a popular darts game played as frequently as an official game, 01, since strategies play an important role in addition to the skill level of a player in cricket. In this paper, focusing on a standard strategy that is used by a lot of players, we examine how effective the strategy is. For this purpose, we adopt the Monte Carlo simulation, based on an assumption that the gap between a targeted point and an actual hit point follows the two-dimensional Gaussian distribution.
著者
奥 修
出版者
日本プランクトン学会
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.1, pp.25-33, 2004 (Released:2011-03-05)
出版者
日経BP社
雑誌
日経エレクトロニクス (ISSN:03851680)
巻号頁・発行日
no.1025, pp.47-50, 2010-03-08

2009年12月21日。日本の最高裁判所に当たる中国最高人民法院は,環境技術メーカーの富士化水工業と中国の電力事業者の華陽電業に,巨額の損害賠償などを命じる特許侵害裁判の最終判決を下した。 賠償額は5061万2400元(約6億8000万円)。日本メーカーが敗訴した中国の特許侵害訴訟としては,過去最高の賠償額とみられている。
著者
田中 太一
出版者
東京大学大学院人文社会系研究科・文学部言語学研究室
雑誌
東京大学言語学論集 = Tokyo University linguistic papers (TULIP) (ISSN:13458663)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, pp.271-285, 2017-09-30

Kuroda (1979) は、日本語の受身文はニ受身文とニヨッテ受身文に二分されると主張し、両者の違いを"affectivity"の有無によって説明した。しかし、"affectivity"に明確な定義を与えなかったこともあり、久野 (1983) において、誤解にもとづく批判を受けた。さらに黒田 (1985) では、著者自身による誤った"affectivity"解釈が提示されており、議論の理解が一層困難となっている。 本稿では、"affectivity"が誤解されて行った道筋をたどることで、論争に現れる概念を整理し、誤解の原因が何であったのか診断を与える。論文 Articles