著者

高山 喜好

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, no.1, pp.28-31, 2008 (Released:2008-01-11)

参考文献数

5

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Lab on a chipあるいはμ-total analysis systemは,半導体微細加工技術や精密合成技術,微小流体制御技術を応用したマイクロ,ナノバイオデバイスである.これまで実験室規模で行われていた生化学分野における,酵素や基質の混合,反応,分離,検出の操作を比較的小さなチップ上に集積化,微細流路でそれぞれを統合,一連の操作を自動化する技術である.医薬品開発の初期段階におけるハイスループット化合物スクリーニング(HTS)や化合物の阻害機序解明にこのLab on a chip技術を応用するプラットフォームが登場している.特に,キナーゼ,ホスファターゼ,プロテアーゼ,脱アセチル化酵素といったタンパク質修飾酵素や,SHIP2,PI3Kといったリン脂質代謝酵素を標的とするリード化合物探索にLab on a chip技術は威力を発揮している.Lab on a chip技術は,従来型のホモジニアスプラットフォームとは異なる精度と感度の高い化合物評価が可能になり,これまで見逃していた弱い活性の化合物の再発見(新規リード化合物の創出)にもつながる可能性を秘めている.

著者

Toshio Naito Keiko Kume Kazunori Mitsuhashi Tetsu Okumura Hiroshi Isonuma Takashi Dambara Koichi Suda Yasuo Hayashida

出版者

日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会

雑誌

General Medicine (ISSN:13460072)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.21-24, 2006 (Released:2010-06-08)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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We recently encountered a case of fatal pneumococcal infection in a previously healthy 19-year-old female. She had no history of splenectomy, but on autopsy she was found to have hyposplenism. It has been widely reported that life-threatening pneumococcal infection can occur after splenectomy, though cases of hyposplenic or asplenic adults, without a history of splenectomy, are very rare. We report this case and review the literature dealing with 6 similar cases.

著者

上野 将敬

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.66.2.3, (Released:2016-10-14)

参考文献数

118

被引用文献数

1

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Many researchers have investigated why and how animals benefit from each other in a group. Grooming is considered as prosocial behavior in animal societies; the groomer expends time and energy costs, while the groomee receives hygienic and physiological benefits. Based on the reciprocal altruism hypothesis (Trivers, 1971), many researchers have investigated grooming behaviors in primate species. In primates, individuals exchange grooming for grooming or other social benefits (e.g., tolerance for food, agonistic support, or infant handling). Researchers have also established and modified models of grooming reciprocity. In future researches, it would be valuable to investigate the effects of affiliative elationships, soliciting behaviors, self-rewarding, inequity aversion, and partner choice and partner switching on prosocial behaviors.

著者

中道 正之

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.23-27, 2016 (Released:2016-06-27)

参考文献数

10

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Understanding maternal behavior and infant development of wild animals living in modern zoos is essential for zoos to achieve conservation which is one of their primary roles, including successful reproduction in captivity. Moreover, zoos could provide us with the opportunities to understand the diversity of mother-infant relationships among mammals. For example, like those in the wild, giraffe and black rhinoceros mothers in captivity show hider and follower types, respectively. Moreover, our detailed observations at zoos have shown that giraffe mothers tend to be very responsible for nursing interactions with their calves, whereas rhinoceros mothers have tolerant attitudes toward their calves. Unlike ungulates, infants of primates such as Japanese monkeys and gorillas spend most of their time in contact with their mothers during the early stages of development owing to their clinging abilities, which decrease with increasing infant age. Seeing zoo animals directly as well as learning of their behavior, based on behavioral studies on them would help zoo visitors develop an interest in zoo animals and their counterparts in the wild.

著者

林 美里

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.29-37, 2016 (Released:2016-06-27)

参考文献数

69

被引用文献数

2

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Great apes have prolonged dependent period and learn a variety of skills and knowledge through intensive interaction with the mother based on affectionate bond between them. Among four species of great apes, both chimpanzees and orangutans use tools in the wild based on their skills of object manipulation and cognitive development which is gradually formed through mother-infant interactions. Researchers found the effectiveness of human intervention and support to promote mother-rearing in captive great apes despite of initial maternal problems. Compared to African great apes, orangutans have solitary lifestyle and the longest dependent period of about 7-8 years indicating the higher reliance on the other. Orang Utan Island (OUI) is a facility open to public and located in Bukit Merah, Perak, Peninsula Malaysia. OUI holds 26 orangutans and has been promoting rehabilitation program as an effort of ex-situ conservation. Orangutan mothers are now practicing infant rearing in OUI and in semi-natural environment in adjacent BJ Island. The importance of mother-infant interaction as a base for cognitive development should be widely recognized among animal researchers and keepers for promoting mother-rearing in captive settings.

著者

根ケ山 光一

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.47-51, 2016 (Released:2016-06-27)

参考文献数

18

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Both positivity and negativity are important components for the development of mother-offspring relationship. The "inter-body antagonism" is an important biological framework to promote offspring's independence from mothers. Weaning, an achievement of nutritional independence in offspring, is a typical situation in which mother-child negativity plays an important role. Human mother-child separation is also actualized by complex sociocultural allomothering systems consisting of objects, persons and institutes. Human triadic relationship in joint attention by mother and infant to object is a basic element of the systems. The relationship is preceded by "Proto-triadic relationship" in which particular body parts are used as targets in human inter-body interactions as in a case of tickling play.Not only object but also person could be a target of attention in triadic relation, and exchange of perspectives with the person is essential in the human infant's cultural learning and establishment of social network. A special allomothering by a girl called Moriane in an island of Okinawa is an example of such allomothering.

著者

坂本 敏郎

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.1, pp.59-75, 2016 (Released:2016-06-27)

参考文献数

111

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Eyeblink conditioning is an associative learning paradigm in which an association is formed by the paired presentation of a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS), such as a tone, and an unconditioned stimulus (US), such as a corneal air puff or a periorbital shock. In the rabbit, cerebellum-brainstem circuitry plays an essential role in delay eyeblink conditioning, in which the US is delayed and terminates simultaneously with the CS. However, the neural mechanisms underlying delay eyeblink conditioning in mice and rats are unclear. In addition to cerebellum-brainstem circuitry, the amygdala is reportedly important for delay eyeblink conditioning in the mouse and rat. Here, we review the neural mechanisms underlying delay eyeblink conditioning in the rabbit, mouse, and rat, discussing relevant neural circuitry specific to mice and rats versus rabbits. We also review the neural circuitry underlying trace eyeblink conditioning, in which the CS and US are separated by a stimulus-free trace interval. The forebrain and cerebellar-brainstem circuitries are important for trace eyeblink conditioning in the rabbit, mouse, and rat. This review provides useful information for future research on eyeblink conditioning and for understanding neural substrates subserving learning and memory.

著者

岡部 三郎

出版者

一般財団法人 アジア政経学会

雑誌

アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3, pp.37-57, 1958 (Released:2014-09-15)

著者

SADAO ICHIKAWA

出版者

日本遺伝学会

雑誌

遺伝学雑誌 (ISSN:0021504X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.35-40, 1973 (Released:2007-05-21)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

11 8

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Potted plants of Tradescantia ohiensis KU 7 clone (heterozygous for flower color) were exposed to 60Co gamma rays and/or scattering radiation in the gamma field of the National Institute of Radiation Breeding. Somatic mutation rates were scored in the stamen hairs for 16 days, and the genetic effects of direct gamma rays and scattering radiation were compared. Scattering radiation was proved to be about 27 or 25% more efficient in inducing somatic mutations than the direct gamma rays from 60Co source.

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.131-132, 2003 (Released:2003-05-01)

著者

Yingui Ding Jingsong Wang Guang Wang Qingguo Xue

出版者

一般社団法人 日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

ISIJ International (ISSN:09151559)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.10, pp.1772-1777, 2012 (Released:2012-10-15)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

8 42

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A new process was proposed in this research, in order to address the problems of difficult treatment, low efficiency and heavy pollution of Bayan Obo complex iron ore. The isothermal reduction experiments, using carbon-bearing pellets which were mainly made of Bayan Obo complex iron ore and pulverized coal, were investigated in the temperature range of 1623–1723 K with different heating time. The results indicate that the pellets could not melt well at 1623 K and 1723 K, and the iron nugget and slag can separate in a clear manner at 1673 K for 12 min. The contents of C and S in iron nugget are 2.09% and 1.62% respectively. The iron nugget can be used partly to substitute the steel scrap for EAF steelmaking. The RE2O3 content is 14.19% in the rare-earth-rich slag. Nearly all rare earth is concentrated into one phase during solidification, which is identified as cefluosil ([7(Ca, Ce, La, Nd)2·SiO4] (F, O)10). The slag was leached by hydrochloric acid and the leaching efficiency of rare earth is 98.70%. After being filtered, the solution can be used to extract rare earth and the leached residue will be treated to recover CaF2 and ThO2.

著者

藤田 之彦 日吉 一夫 若杉 直俊 作田 亮一 柳田 恭子 淵上 達夫 後藤 一彦 大久保 修 内海 康文

出版者

一般社団法人 日本小児神経学会

雑誌

脳と発達 (ISSN:00290831)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.1, pp.59-63, 1988-01-01 (Released:2011-08-10)

参考文献数

13

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ロタウイルス腸炎罹患を契機にそれまで頻発していた痙攣発作が一時的に全く消失した点頭てんかんの2例を報告した. 2例ともに症候性点頭てんかんであり, 一日に10回程度のシリーズ形成の痙攣発作が下痢出現後3日目には1日に1回となり5日目からは全く消失した. また脳波上も2例ともに改善し, 発作波は限局化を示した. しかしそれぞれ痙攣発作消失後16日目と30日目に下痢出現前と同様の発作型で再発した. これらの作用機序は不明であるが, 突発性発疹症や麻疹などの感染症でも同様の報告があり免疫学的作用機序などが推察された.

著者

菅原 光晴 前田 眞治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本高次脳機能障害学会

雑誌

高次脳機能研究 (旧 失語症研究) (ISSN:13484818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.77-85, 2010-03-31 (Released:2011-05-11)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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本研究は,左半側空間無視 (以下USN) に対する認知リハビリテーションの有用性について検討した。対象は USN を有する実験群 13 例と対照群 12 例である。実験群には USN へのアプローチに加え,認知リハビリテーションを実施した。対照群には認知リハビリテーションを除く実験群と同様の訓練を実施した。訓練効果の測定にはBIT 行動性無視検査,Catherine Bergego Scale を用いた。各評価をベースライン期,介入期 4 週後,8 週後,12 週後,フォローアップ期 3 ヵ月後,6 ヵ月後に行った。その結果,介入期 12 週後の成績には差がないものの,実験群では早期から成績向上が認められた。さらに,フォローアップ期において成績低下は緩やかで維持する傾向が認められた。以上より,USN 患者に対する認知リハビリテーションは,USN の改善を早期に促進させ,訓練終了後も訓練効果を維持させる可能性が高いものと考えられた。

著者

中西 宣文

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床リウマチ学会

雑誌

臨床リウマチ (ISSN:09148760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.106-112, 2012-06-30 (Released:2015-10-02)

参考文献数

25

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結合組織病に合併する肺高血圧症は,病態は多くの点で特発性肺動脈性高血圧症と類似し,このため改訂版肺高血圧症臨床分類(ダナポイント分類)では第1群:肺動脈性高血圧症の項にConnective tissue disease-PAH(CTD-PAH)の名称で分類されている.しかしCTD-PAHは特発性肺動脈性高血圧症に比して予後が不良であることや,本症の肺高血圧の成因には結合組織病自身の病態に加え,左心系疾患による肺高血圧症,肺疾患による肺高血圧症,慢性血栓塞栓性肺高血圧症などの要素を含む極めて複雑な病態を持つことが判明してきた.CTD-PAHの治療には,現在は基本的には特発性肺動脈性高血圧症の治療指針に準じて本症に特異的な治療薬が用いられている.しかしわが国ではこれに加え免疫抑制剤を組み入れた治療指針が提案され,その有効性が検証されつつある.

著者

鎌田 彩子 大日方 薫 鈴木 光幸 春名 英典 木下 恵司 清水 俊明

出版者

順天堂医学会

雑誌

順天堂医学 (ISSN:00226769)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.256-260, 2012-06-30 (Released:2014-11-11)

参考文献数

20

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症例 (13歳4ヵ月女児) は1歳頃より偏食傾向と体重減少がみられ, 1歳11ヵ月時に大球性正色素性貧血, 骨髄での巨赤芽球性変化, 血清ビタミンB12の低下を認めビタミンB12欠乏性巨赤芽球性貧血と診断された. ビタミンB12投与後貧血は改善し, 摂食状態や身体発育も正常化した. しかし補充を中止するとビタミンB12値は漸減した. 低ビタミンB12血症の原因として摂取不足のみならず, 吸収障害の関与も考えられた.

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.8, pp.574-575, 2016-11-01 (Released:2016-11-01)

著者

亀岡 孝治 幹 渉

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.8, pp.544-551, 2016-11-01 (Released:2016-11-01)

参考文献数

6

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三重大学は,実践的な水産学教育・研究を通して,水産分野の6次産業化を地域に創出することが求められている。そこで三重大学では「マリンフードイノベーション創発ユニット構築プロジェクト」をスタートさせ,「拡張現実対応遠隔教育支援システム」と食の安全・安心に基づく「水産製造加工現場実習支援システム」の整備を行った。地域の活性化を図る目的を有する本事業の情報関連分野に着目して現状と方向性についてまとめる。

著者

北田 韶彦

出版者

社団法人 日本金属学会

雑誌

日本金属学会会報 (ISSN:00214426)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.10, pp.649-651, 1993-10-20 (Released:2011-08-10)

参考文献数

5

著者

Toshiharu Ueno Koichi Kikuchi Ryo Hazue Koki Mise Keiichi Sumida Noriko Hayami Tatsuya Suwabe Junichi Hoshino Naoki Sawa Kenji Arizono Shigeko Hara Kenmei Takaichi Takeshi Fujii Kenichi Ohashi Yoshifumi Ubara

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.20, pp.2993-2999, 2016-10-15 (Released:2016-10-15)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1 3

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A 58-year-old man was referred to our institution for an evaluation of nephrotic range proteinuria. Renal biopsy showed a marked expansion of the mesangial matrix and thickening of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in periodic acid-silver methenamine (PAM). Immunofluorescence (IF) revealed strong staining for the monoclonal kappa light chain. EM demonstrated massive subendothelial and mesangial dense deposits. As a result, light chain deposition disease (LCDD) was diagnosed. Melphalan and prednisolone (MP) therapy was started, which was continued for 10 years with minimal complications. Serial evaluations of renal histology revealed the resolution of nodular lesions and the glomeruli became nearly normal. MP therapy can therefore be an effective therapeutic option for LCDD if it is continued over the long term.

著者

Tadahiro HAYASAKA

出版者

(公社)日本気象学会

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.5, pp.393-414, 2016 (Released:2016-10-31)

参考文献数

111

被引用文献数

9

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We reviewed the long-term trends and inter-annual variations in the surface shortwave irradiance in China and Japan. Pyranometer observations revealed decreases followed by increases in the shortwave irradiance in China and Japan between the 1960s and 2000s, while obvious long-term trends were not evident in the satellite observations after 1983. In China, surface shortwave irradiance decreased from 1961 until around 1990, but then began to increase. In Japan, on the contrary, the decreasing trend stopped in the 1960s, with little inter-annual variation during the 1970s and 1980s, and an increase began around 1990. The causes of the differences between the shortwave irradiance trends in China and Japan were ascribed to an increase in light-absorbing aerosols in China that began in the 1960s and a decrease in absorbing aerosols in Japan that began in the late 1970s. Absorbing aerosols decrease both direct and diffuse radiation, while non-absorbing aerosols decrease direct radiation but increase diffuse radiation. Although these aerosol influences are generally found under clear sky conditions, absorbing aerosols could have direct effects even under cloudy sky conditions. The trends of surface shortwave irradiance in China and Japan are in line with the so-called global dimming and brightening dimming processes, although the phases of the minimum periods in the two regions slightly differed. An increase in anthropogenic aerosol was responsible for the variation in the shortwave irradiance through the direct radiative effect of aerosol in the polluted area, while indirect radiative effects, i.e., changes in cloud cover due to an increase in cloud condensation nuclei, dominated in pristine areas. The effects of other factors, such as variations in water vapor and natural aerosol levels, appear to be small compared to the effects of cloud and anthropogenic aerosols.