著者
大泉 宏 中原 史生 吉岡 基 三谷 曜子
出版者
東海大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2015-04-01

北海道の釧路沖と羅臼沖でシャチ(Orcinus orca)の調査を行った結果、2007年から2017年の写真から両海域で合わせて380個体が識別され、既知の個体と合わせ計506個体が登録された。海域共通の個体は少数であったこと、海域に独特の鳴音があったこと、衛星標識個体の回遊範囲が異なっていたことから、両海域のシャチは少なくとも行動圏の異なる比較的独立した集団と考えられた。衛星標識個体は千島列島から太平洋西部にまで回遊し、鳴音にはロシア沿岸の集団との関連が予想された。北海道東部にはシャチの重要な生息地があることを明らかにでき、その分布範囲と個体群構造の基礎的知見を構築することが出来た。
著者
中尾 和昇
出版者
関西大学国文学会
雑誌
國文學 (ISSN:03898628)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.92, pp.211-226, 2008-03-01
著者
近藤 好和
出版者
国立歴史民俗博物館
雑誌
国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 (ISSN:02867400)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.141, pp.61-80, 2008-03

日本の歴史のうえで重要な位置を占めている天皇の「生・老・死」つまり人生の流れを考えると、まず天皇の子息に生まれ、親王宣下されて親王となり、そのなかから選ばれて立太子して皇太子(東宮)となり、即位して天皇となる。そして、退位して上皇となり、落飾(出家)して法皇となって、崩御を迎える、というように順次進んでいく。そして、各段階で着用する装束(着衣)に大きな相違があり、装束によっていずれの段階にあるかが明瞭となる。特に顕著なのは天皇・上皇・法皇での相違であるが、それは天皇の装束が特別であるからである。本稿の目的は、こうした天皇の人生と装束との関係を確認することにある。天皇と装束の関係を考えるうえで重要な点は、装束に対応する被り物に冠(かんむり)と烏帽子(えぼし)があるが、天皇は冠しか被らず、様々な種類がある公家男子装束のなかで、天皇が着用するのは冠に対応する束帯(そくたい)と冠直衣(かんむりのうし)だけである点である。このうち束帯は天皇を含むすべての男子の正装であり、身分規定の厳格な装束であるが、その上着である位袍(いほう)の色と文様には天皇限定のものがあり、それで他と峻別された。また、冠直衣は、他とは異なる天皇の特有の着用方法があり、それを御引直衣(おひきのうし)といい、御引直衣か否かで天皇と他が峻別された。本稿は、こうした天皇の束帯や御引直衣の詳細と、絵画資料で天皇と上皇が装束によって明確に描き分けられていることを確認するものである。When we consider the birth, life and death, namely, the course of the life of Japan's emperors, who hold an important position in the nation's history, we find that it conforms to the following chronology. Born as the son of the emperor he is first an imperial prince, is then chosen to be the Crown Prince, and then succeeds his father to the imperial throne. Upon retiring from his role as emperor he assumes a Buddhist role and awaits his death.Because the dress an emperor wears is quite different for each of these stages, we can identify each particular stage of his life from his dress. The most marked differences are found between the emperor, retired emperor and Buddhist stages, which are due to the unique features of the dress worn by a serving emperor. The aim of this paper is to look at this relationship between an emperor's life and dress.One important point when considering the relationship between an emperor and his dress is headwear. While there are two types of headwear, a crown (kanmuri) and a type of formal headwear (eboshi), which are worn depending on the type of dress, an emperor wears only a crown. Although there are various types of dress worn by noblemen, the only two types of dress worn with a crown by the emperor are known as "sokutai" and "kanmuri noushi"."Sokutai" refers to formal dress worn by all males, including the emperor, and the type worn is strictly defined according to rank. There are colors and patterns for the collars of the top dress that can be worn only by the emperor, thus distinguishing him from others. The emperor also wears the "kanmuri noushi" in a unique way known as "o-hiki noushi", which also clearly distinguishes him from others.This paper provides details of these "sokutai" and "o-hiki noushi" worn by the emperor, and also shows that it is possible to distinguish an emperor from a retired emperor in illustrations due to the type of dress worn.一部非公開情報あり
著者
酒井将 著
出版者
三友社
巻号頁・発行日
1926
著者
竹内 淳一郎
出版者
産業学会
雑誌
産業学会研究年報 (ISSN:09187162)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2003, no.18, pp.65-76,128, 2003-03-31 (Released:2009-10-08)
参考文献数
28

Japanese sewing machine industry was promoted as an export industry after the World War II and expanded rapidly thereafter. At the beginning, Japanese sewing machines were regarded as “imitation of SINGER” and “cheap and nasty”.Later, however, Japanese sewing machines surpassed SINGER, which they modeled after, not only in export volume and value, but in terms of quality as well.In 1974, the sewing machine industry was released from Export Inspection Law, reaching its goal of improvement and stability of quality, far earlier than the camera (1989) and watch (1991) industries.This paper clarifies the reason and background of the above. In 1949 Japanese sewing machine industry, in cooperation with Japanese government, standardized household sewing machines and their parts, and the de facto standard of sewing machine parts was formed in the 1950s. In the case of the parts of cameras and watches there is no standard specification like the one of sewing machine parts. Standardization of parts contributed to the stability of quality and cost down of sewing machines.This paper demonstrates quality improvement of Japanese sewing machines, based on Japanese export inspection results and the product ratings by the Consumers Union of the United States.Figures show that Japanese sewing machines surpassed SINGER, in terms of production quantity in 1957, and of quality in 1969. From this point of view, it can be said that standardization of sewing machine parts was one of the reasons why this industry gained international competitiveness earlier than cameras and watches. Just for reference, Japanese camera industry surpassed German ones, in terms of production quantity in 1962, and of quality in 1976.This achievement was due primarily to the persistent efforts of Japanese sewing machine makers to improve their products, and to export promotion policy (including Export Inspection Law) of Japanese government (including JSMIA: Japan Sewing Machinery Inspection Association).
著者
Sachiko Ono Yosuke Ono Daisuke Koide Hideo Yasunaga
出版者
Japan Epidemiological Association
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.JE20180224, (Released:2019-03-02)
参考文献数
19

Background: Guidelines recommend against all codeine use in children for its common indications of analgesia and cough suppression because of uncertain benefits and potential risk of death. However, because of its rarity, the occurrence of severe respiratory depression associated with codeine-containing antitussives has been poorly investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between codeine-containing antitussives and severe respiratory depression in children.Methods: We retrospectively identified Japanese children who were prescribed antitussives for respiratory diseases from a large Japanese administrative claims database (JMDC, Tokyo, Japan). We collected data on baseline characteristics including age, sex, and comorbidity. Each case was matched with four controls with the same sex and age in the same year from the same type of medical institution. We then examined the association between codeine-containing antitussives and subsequent severe respiratory depression using a multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis.Results: Of 164,047 children, 18,210 (11.1%) were prescribed codeine-containing antitussives. Of the children who took codeine-containing drugs, seven experienced severe respiratory depression. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was no significant difference in the proportion of severe respiratory depression between children with and without codeine-containing antitussives (odds ratio: 1.15; 95% confidence interval: 0.48 - 2.78).Conclusion: Occurrence of respiratory depression was very rare, and the association of codeine with respiratory depression was insignificant, even in a large sample of children in Japan.
著者
李 冬木
出版者
佛教大学文学部
雑誌
文学部論集 (ISSN:09189416)
巻号頁・発行日
no.103, pp.1-25, 2019-03-01

これまでの「狂人学史」においては、「狂人」言説自体を作品の人物精神史の背景として検討する研究が欠如していた。本論は「狂人」の用法、社会のメディア状況、「ニーチェ」、「無政府主義」、文学創作及び時代精神の特性など複眼的視点から、「狂人日記」誕生の以前に「狂人」の言説史が存在したことを確認し、この状況を前提として「狂人」誕生の足跡を考察した。また周樹人は「狂人」の雛形を携えて日本から帰国したが、この「狂人」は彼自身を形成した過程でできあがったもので、いわば彼の記憶にある「真の人間」と血を分けた兄弟であったと考える。「狂人」の誕生は、「真の人間」の誕生の必然性を宣告したもので、「狂人日記」は本質的に「人」の誕生を宣言した作品であったと結論づけた。狂人言説狂人日記魯迅ニーチェ真の人間