著者

Akihito Konishi Yasukazu Hirao Kouzou Matsumoto Hiroyuki Kurata Takashi Kubo

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Chemistry Letters (ISSN:03667022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.6, pp.592-594, 2013-06-05 (Released:2013-06-05)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

52

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The improved Scholl reaction allows for the direct cyclization of anthracene oligomers to give bisanthene, teranthene, and quateranthene. Furthermore, a variety of π-expanded bisanthenes are obtained by the Diels–Alder cycloaddition of bisanthene with several arynes. These reactions would allow us to synthesize various size- and shape-controlled polyperiacenes.

著者

依田 彰彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本コンクリート工学会

雑誌

コンクリート工学 (ISSN:03871061)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.9, pp.80-85, 1977-09-15 (Released:2013-04-26)

参考文献数

5

著者

谷口 汎邦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本コンクリート工学会

雑誌

コンクリート工学 (ISSN:03871061)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.9, pp.107-109, 1990-09-01 (Released:2013-04-26)

著者

依田 彰彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本コンクリート工学会

雑誌

コンクリート工学 (ISSN:03871061)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.9, pp.103-106, 2008-09-01 (Released:2013-04-26)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

著者

松岡 雅裕

出版者

日本社会学会

雑誌

社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.231-242, 2007-09-30 (Released:2010-04-01)

参考文献数

28

著者

依田 彰彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本コンクリート工学会

雑誌

コンクリート工学 (ISSN:03871061)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.8, pp.14-23, 1994-08-01 (Released:2013-04-26)

参考文献数

35

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コンクリートを構成する材料の中でもっとも多用されているものは, いうまでもなく骨材で, 容積中70%前後も占める。1992年におけるわが国のコンクリート用骨材の需要量は5.75億tと言われている。本稿はまず, わが国におけるコンクリート用骨材の変遷に関連するコメントを, 次いで最近の骨材について需給の推移をはじめ, 高強度・高耐久性コンクリート用骨材, 人工軽量骨材, 高炉スラグ骨材, フェロニッケルスラグ骨材, 再生骨材などの品質や使用上の注意点等をとりまとめた。

著者

依田 彰彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本コンクリート工学会

雑誌

コンクリート工学 (ISSN:03871061)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.9, pp.34-36, 1977-09-15 (Released:2013-04-26)

参考文献数

5

著者

永田 由美子

出版者

Japanese Society for Mastication Science and Health Promotion

雑誌

日本咀嚼学会雑誌 (ISSN:09178090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.73-77, 1998-06-25 (Released:2011-03-01)

参考文献数

6

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本研究では “咀嚼すること” の評価として, 種々の食べ物を咀嚼した時の心拍数とエネルギー消費量に及ぼす影響について検討した.被験者は20歳代の健康な女子10名であった.検査食として, 硬さが異なる食品と同一素材で調理法が異なる食べ物を3回咀嚼させて咀嚼前と咀嚼中の心拍数とエネルギー消費量および咀嚼後30分までの腋下温度を測定した.食べ物を咀嚼している時のエネルギー消費量はガム咀嚼時の値を用いた.この結果から, 硬さが異なる食品と同一素材で調理法が異なる食べ物を咀嚼した時の心拍数とエネルギー消費量は上昇したが, 食べ物が硬いか軟らかいかの差異は見られなかった.しかし, 腋下温度は経時的に上昇して硬い食べ物ほど高い値で変動する傾向を示したことから, 時間をかけて充分に咀嚼することの有用性が示唆された

著者

Jun-ichi Oyama Toyoki Maeda Makoto Sasaki Kazuya Kozuma Ryuji Ochiai Ichiro Tokimitsu Sachiyo Taguchi Yoshihiro Higuchi Naoki Makino

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.23, pp.2553-2559, 2010 (Released:2010-12-01)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

13 32

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Objective Several epidemiological investigations have reported that green tea reduces cardiovascular and cerebral vascular risks. Green tea catechins may improve peripheral endothelial dysfunction in smokers. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the beneficial effect of green tea catechins on the repair of endothelial dysfunction in smokers. Methods Thirty healthy male smokers divided into three groups ingested a green tea beverage containing 0 mg (control group), 80 mg (middle dose group) or 580 mg (high dose group) of green tea catechins (GTC) daily for two weeks, and endothelial-dependent vasodilatation was investigated by measuring forearm blood flow (FBF) response to reactive hyperemia (RH) by venous occlusion strain-gauge plethysmography. Results An acute effect was that the FBF response to RH significantly increased 2 hr after GTC intake in the high dose group. However, no increase was observed in the other groups. The chronic administration of GTC for one or two weeks ameliorated the FBF responses to RH in the high dose group. On the other hand, no significant increase was observed in the FBF responses to RH in the other groups. Moreover, the plasma concentration of 8-OHdG, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and soluble Fas decreased significantly for two weeks in the high dose group, however, the level of IL-1 beta remained unchanged over this period. Conclusion Green tea consumption over short and long periods appears to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction by scavenging free radicals with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties in healthy male smokers.

著者

Marie S. Møller Darrell Cockburn Jonas W. Nielsen Johanne M. Jensen Malene B. Vester-Christensen Morten M. Nielsen Joakim M. Andersen Casper Wilkens Julie Rannes Per Hägglund Anette Henriksen Maher Abou Hachem Martin Willemoës Birte Svensson

出版者

The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience

雑誌

Journal of Applied Glycoscience (ISSN:13447882)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.jag.JAG-2012_023, (Released:2013-03-21)

被引用文献数

1 1

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Certain enzymes interact with polysaccharides at surface binding sites (SBSs) situated outside of their active sites. SBSs are not easily identified and their function has been discerned in relatively few cases. Starch degradation is a concerted action involving GH13 hydrolases. New insight into barley seed α-amylase 1 (AMY1) and limit dextrinase (LD) includes i) kinetics of bi-exponential amylopectin hydrolysis by AMY1, one reaction having low Km (8 µg/ml) and high kcat (57 s-1) and the other high Km (97 µg/ml) and low kcat (23 s-1). β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) inhibits the first reaction by binding to an SBS (SBS2) on domain C with Kd = 70 µM, which for the SBS2 Y380A mutant increases to 1.4 mM. SBS2 thus has a role in the fast, high-affinity component of amylopectin degradation. ii) The N-terminal domain of LD, the debranching enzyme in germinating seeds, shows distant structural similarity with domains including CBM21 present in other proteins and involved in various molecular interactions, but no binding site identity. LD is controlled by barley limit dextrinase inhibitor (LDI) which belongs to the cereal-type inhibitor family and forms a tight 1:1 complex with LD. iii) LDI in turn is regulated by disulfide reduction mediated by the barley thioredoxin h (trxh) NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase (NTR) system. Based on the progress monitored by released free thiol groups from LDI and its failure to inhibit LD as elicited by trxh, the LDI inactivation is proposed to stem from loss of structural integrity due to reduction of all four disulfides.

著者

Ryoko OHNISHI Hideyuki ITO Naoki KASAJIMA Miyuki KANEDA Reiko KARIYAMA Hiromi KUMON Tsutomu HATANO Takashi YOSHIDA

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.7, pp.1681-1687, 2006-07-23 (Released:2006-07-23)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

76

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Cranberry, which is rich in polyphenols, including anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, has been found to have various effects beneficial to human health, including prevention of urinary tract infections. These effects have been associated with polyphenols in the fruit. We investigated the excretion of anthocyanins in human urine after ingestion of cranberry juice. Eleven healthy volunteers consumed 200 ml of cranberry juice containing 650.8 μg total anthocyanins. Urine samples were collected within 24 h before and after consumption. Six of 12 anthocyanins identified in cranberry were quantified in human urine by HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MS–MS). Among these, peonidin 3-O-galactoside, the second most plentiful anthocyanin in the juice, was found most abundantly in urine within 24 h, corresponding to 41.5 nmol (56.1% of total anthocyanins). The urinary levels of anthocyanins reached a maximum between 3 and 6 h after ingestion, and the recovery of total anthocyanins in the urine over 24 h was estimated to be 5.0% of the amount consumed. This study found high absorption and excretion of cranberry anthocyanins in human urine.

著者

松井 魁 和井内 貞一郎

出版者

日本陸水学会

雑誌

陸水学雑誌 (ISSN:00215104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.31-44, 1937 (Released:2009-06-12)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1 2

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1. スデヱビは湖岸至る所に廣く分布し.底質及び水生植物の繁茂の有無と分布との關係は顯著でない。2. 夏期に於ける深度と分布との關係に就いては,水深25m迄は比較的多數棲息し,特に15m以淺は最多數を示し,30m以深は激減す。本湖の水温躍暦は10~15mである點から,蝦は水温.10℃以上に好んで棲息するものの如くである。蝦の漁場は30m以淺である。3. 雄蝦は雌蝦より軆小形で,雌蝦の生物學的最小鱧長は3.78cmを示し,體長4.5cm以上のものは殆ど全部雌蝦である。4. 深度の相違に依つて性比を異にし,5m以淺に於ける雌蝦100尾に對する雄蝦の百分率は6%に過ぎないが,水深24~52mに於ては71.06%を占め,又,雌蝦の抱卵率は淺部94.3%,深部16.7%を示す。5. 深慶の相違に依る體長の相違を認めたが,この原因ば性比に基くものである。6. 抱卵數は體長と正比例して増加す。卵の大きさは1.3~1.6mmを示し卵徑は卵の發育に伴つて増加し抱卵數の多寡に關係しない。7. 夏期蝦筌で漁獲される蝦の大きさは體長1.8~6.3cmで體長4.0~4.2cmが最多である。本蝦は1年で成熟するものの様で,産卵後も生き殘るらしい。

著者

Masami YONEYAMA Taro TAKAHARA Thomas C. KWEE Masanobu NAKAMURA Takashi TABUCHI

出版者

Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

雑誌

Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences (ISSN:13473182)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2012-0063, (Released:2013-05-10)

被引用文献数

28 68

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Purpose: To introduce, optimize, and assess the feasibility of a new scheme to rapidly acquire high-resolution volumetric neurographic images using a three-dimensional turbo spin-echo sequence combined with a diffusion-weighted pre-pulse called improved motion-sensitized driven equilibrium (iMSDE): Diffusion-prepared MR Neurography (D-prep MRN). Methods: In order to optimize the signal suppression of blood vessels and muscle at D-prep MRN, coronal lumbosacral plexus images were acquired in five volunteers at 3T, and the following parameters were examined: iMSDE gradient-strength (b-value) of 0, 2 and 10 s/mm2 (with the aim to suppress blood vessels) and iMSDE preparation duration (iMSDEprep-time) of 18, 50 and 100 ms (with the aim to suppress muscle signal). Subsequently, the feasibility of the optimized D-prep MRN sequence in visualizing the brachial plexus, lumbosacral plexus, and cranial nerves was evaluated in 5 healthy volunteers. Results: A higher b-value of 10 s/mm2 was better in signal suppression of blood vessels, whereas an intermediate iMSDEprep-time of 50 ms provided the best compromise between suppression of muscle signal and minimization of signal loss of nerves. With these parameters, the normal nerve structures showed high signal intensity, while the blood vessels and muscles were effectively suppressed. The optimized D-prep MRN sequence clearly showed the three-dimensional trajectory of the brachial plexus, lumbosacral plexus, and cranial nerves. Conclusion: D-prep MRN was introduced and optimized, and clearly showed detailed anatomy of the brachial plexus, lumbosacral plexus, and cranial nerves. These results suggest that the D-prep MRN can be used for fast, high-resolution, volumetric imaging of the peripheral nervous system.

著者

塩澤 光一 城所 寛子 佐藤 洋子 神山 かおる 柳沢 慧二

出版者

Japanese Society for Mastication Science and Health Promotion

雑誌

日本咀嚼学会雑誌 (ISSN:09178090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.58-66, 2003-11-30 (Released:2010-07-21)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

5

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米飯咀嚼時の嚥下誘発にかかわる食塊物性を調べるために, 嚥下直前の口腔内から回収した食塊の物性をtexture profile analysisに従って計測した. 濃度の異なる米デンプン糊を混ぜた3種の米飯試料 (R+10%RP, R+20%RP, R+30%RP) を10名の成人被験者に咀嚼させた. 最も付着性の高いR+30%RP咀嚼時の嚥下までの咀嚼回数は, R+10%RPおよびR+20%RP咀嚼時の嚥下回数に比べて有意に大きな値を示した. 嚥下直前の食塊の硬さは, R+30%RP食塊がR+10%RP食塊やR+20%RP食塊に比べて有意に大きな値を示したが, 食塊の付着性と凝集性には有意な差は認められなかった. 付着性を低下させた米飯咀嚼時の嚥下直前の食塊中に存在する飯粒の大きさの平均値は, 通常の場合の嚥下直前の米飯食塊中の飯粒の大きさに比べて有意に大きな値を示した.本研究で得られたこれらの結果から, 米飯食塊の付着性の程度が米飯咀嚼時の嚥下閾値にかかわっている可能性が示されるとともに, 食塊中の飯粒の大きさは米飯咀嚼時の嚥下誘発には直接的にはかかわっていない可能性が示された.

著者

神山 かおる

出版者

Japanese Society for Mastication Science and Health Promotion

雑誌

日本咀嚼学会雑誌 (ISSN:09178090)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.2, pp.49-57, 2003-11-30 (Released:2010-07-21)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

4

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This paper reviews mastication studies from the viewpoint of food and nutrition scientists. Food texture is an important factor for food quality and primarily determines whether the food is easy or difficult to eat. Texture studies have been conducted by sensory evaluation (subjective methods) or mechanical measurements using instruments (objective methods). Recently, safe and easily edible foods have been increasingly required for elderly people as the elderly population has hugely increased in Japan. Many such foods lack palatability because they all havea similar texture, even though they are highly nutritious and contain various raw food materials. Classical methods for evaluating food texture may not be suitable for clarifying the textural properties of food for the elderly. The sensibility of textural properties for the elderly people differs from that for young subjects, who most often participate in subjective sensory evaluation. Furthermore, instruments for mechanical tests cannot completely mimic complex human mastication in objective methods. Therefore, direct measurement of human mastication is introduced as a third method for food texture studies. Electromyography of jaw-closing muscles is the most popular of mastication recording techniques used by food scientists. The elderly have fewer teeth and greater muscle fatigue, which cause low masticatory efficiency. Therefore, food for the elderly must be objectively evaluated with evidence based on masticatory science. Collaboration between food and dental sciences is needed to optimize the textural and nutritional properties of foods.

著者

吉村 信吉

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.8, pp.513-527, 1940-08-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

11

著者

壽圓 晋吾

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.4, pp.143-151, 1952-04-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2 1

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In the upper region of -River Kanda found in the eastern part of the Musashino Upland which is overlaid with the Kwanto Volcanic Ash, the ground water-table slants toward the valley on both sides. (cf. Fig. 1) The discharge of this river in this area increases, though very gradually, as the river flows down. From these facts, we presume River Kanda is being nourished by the ground water. At present, the slopes of the precipices forming the valley are different on both sides-the form of the valley is assymmetrical. Where the slope of the precipice is steeper on the north side than on the south, the ground water- table slants toward the north. Where the slope is, steeper on the south side than on the north, the ground-water-table slants toward the south. (cf. Fig. 6) Gathering up these facts, the author believes that the assymmetrical valley wall is related to the declivity of the water table. The ground heaves up gradually in the vicinity of the valley. This seems to be due to the dampness of the ground and to the abundance of the vegetation in the valley region; that is, the darn press of the ground and vegetation protect the ground from the strong Musasllino winds seen elsewhere which blow away the dried mud and causes wind-erosions. If the valley were to be filled up, we would, obtain a convex ground feature.

著者

籠瀬 良明

出版者

日本地図学会

雑誌

地図 (ISSN:00094897)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.30-31, 1978-03-31 (Released:2011-07-19)

著者

長谷川 善和

出版者

日本哺乳類学会

雑誌

哺乳類科学 (ISSN:0385437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.97-100, 2009 (Released:2009-07-16)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

著者

岩崎 常人 田原 昭彦

出版者

Japan Ergonomics Society

雑誌

人間工学 (ISSN:05494974)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.Supplement, pp.132-133, 2006-06-09 (Released:2010-03-15)

被引用文献数

1