著者
小野 幹雄 伊藤 元己
出版者
東京都立大学
雑誌
一般研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
1992

小笠原諸島には多くの固有植物が産するが、このほかに他の地域の植物と形態的分化があまりおきておらず、広域分布種とされている植物も産する。本研究はこれまで蓄積した小笠原産固有種とその近縁種との遺伝的差異にくらべ、同諸島に産する広域分布種の小笠原と他の地域の集団間の遺伝的差異がどうであるかを明らかにする目的で行なわれた。小笠原諸島に分布する広域分布種としてテイカカズラとウラジロエノキを選び、テイカカズラは沖縄の石垣島と本州の知多半島の2集団、ウラジロエノキは石垣島の1集団をサンプリングし、小笠原諸島の集団との遺伝的差異を調査した、遺伝的差異は酵素多型分析によりNeiの遺伝的同一度を計算することにより比較を行なった。テイカカズラでは8酵素14遺伝子座について解析し小笠原集団と他の集団の遺伝的同一度の平均は0.786であった。ウラジロエノキについては8酵素15遺伝子座について解析を行ない集団間の遺伝的同一度として0.732の値を得た。これまでの小笠原の固有種と周りの地域の近縁種間の遺伝的同一度はアゼトウナ属で0.533、トベラ属で0.647、ハイノキ属で0.538であったが、今回の研究で得られた2種の広分布域種の値はこれらの固有種と比べて高い値を示した。これは今回調べた2種の広分布域種が小笠原諸島に進入した時期が固有種になった植物の祖先に比べて遅いか、あるいは両集団間になんらかの遺伝的な交流があるかどちらかである。いずれにせよ、形態的な分化の低さは遺伝的にも分化が進んでいないことを示している。
著者
伊藤 豊 矢野 真吾 渡辺 和夫 山中 悦二 相見 則郎 坂井 進一郎
出版者
公益社団法人 日本薬学会
雑誌
CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN (ISSN:00092363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.6, pp.1702-1706, 1990
被引用文献数
19

We investigated the selectivities and structure requirements for alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptor blocking activities of yohimbine (YO) and its 12 related analogs, such as β-yohimbine (β-YO), dihydrocorynantheine (DHC) and (-)indoloquinolizidine ((-)IQ). The affinity of YO analogs to alpha-adrenoceptor was assessed by measuring their blockade of pressor responses to epinephrine in pithed rats. Among YO structure groups, the potency order was YO>DHC=β-YO>geissoschizine methylether>14β-hydroxy YO>14β-benzoyloxy YO (inactive). (-)IQ was slightly less potent than YO, but much stronger than (+)IQ. Among (±)IQ structure groups, the potency order was (±)IQ>(±)1, 12b-trans-1-hydroxy IQ»(±)1, 12b-cis-1-hydroxy IQ (imactive). (±)Borrerine was active, but (±)desmethylborrerine was inactive. The alpha-1 blocking activities of the four compounds YO, β-YO, DHC and (-)IQ, were assessed in experiments of pressor responses to methoxamine in pithed rats and contractile responses to methoxamine in the rat vas deferens. The potency order was (-)IQ>YO>DHC>β-YO. Furthermore, the alpha-2 blocking activities of the four analogs were assessed in experiments of pressor responses to clonidine and inhibition of electrically driven cardioacceleration by clonidine, in pithed rats. The potency order was YO>β-YO>(-)IQ>DHC. Based on the potency ratio between alpha-1 and alpha-2 blocking activities, DHC or YO was most selective for alpha-1 or alpha-2 subtype, respectively, among the four YO analogs. These results suggest that the A, B, C and D rings of YO analogs and their planarity are necessary for the affinity to alpha-adrenoceptors and that the predominant conformation of the carboxymethyl or hydroxy group on the E ring of YO structure determines the selectivity for alpha-1 and alpha-2 blocking activities.

1 0 0 0 OA 日本介譜

著者
伊藤篤太郎 編纂
出版者
伊藤篤太郎
巻号頁・発行日
vol.[4], 1879
著者
福本 紘一 福井 高幸 伊藤 志門 波戸岡 俊三 光冨 徹哉
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本呼吸器外科学会
雑誌
日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 (ISSN:09190945)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, no.1, pp.054-057, 2011-01-15 (Released:2011-04-27)
参考文献数
12

患者は57歳男性.12年前に肝細胞癌にて肝右葉切除を施行した.肝切除後3年で両側肺転移(右S8に1ヵ所,左S9に1ヵ所)のため,右肺下葉切除を施行した.さらに1年の経過観察で左肺以外に新病変の出現がなく,左肺下葉部分切除を施行した.その後再発なく経過していたが,肝切除後12年目に右肺上葉に単発の肺転移をきたし,右肺上葉部分切除を施行した.肝細胞癌の肝内再発や他の遠隔転移がなく肺転移のみをきたし,肺切除を施行して長期生存している症例は非常に稀である.
著者
伊藤 泰義 井上 圭典
出版者
運輸省船舶技術研究所
雑誌
船舶技術研究所報告 (ISSN:0495775X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, no.3, pp.99-140, 1997

This paper is divided into two parts. Hie first part outline of GPS,while the second part describes the method of fixing the position ,which can minimize the effect of SA, and gives the result of an experiment that attests to the efficacy and advantage of the method. Starting with introductory remarks the first part deals with the following themes : the principle of position fix, code pseudoranges, phase pseudoranges, the kinematic method, the OTF technique, and lastly DGPS network both in Japan and the rest of the world. The second part addresses itself to the following contents: the calculating method of satellite coordinates and its examples, the relationship between the age of ephemeris and the degrees of precision of satellite coordinates, the construction of the observation equation and its solution, the relationship between the stability of the solution and the determinant of the coefficient matrix, examples of inferior precision caused by the effect of SA, and examples in which errors caused by SA are reduced. Whereas the effect of SA normally produces random variation for a fixed position with the error ranging from 50 to 150 meters, our method could reduce the amount of variation of the error by 50 % approximately. A glossary of GPS terminology is appended at the end of the paper.
著者
伊藤 茂樹
出版者
日本教育社会学会
雑誌
教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, pp.89-103, 2002
被引用文献数
2

Until the 1980s, adolescent culture in Japan was, for the most part, a student subculture, formed in school and differentiated in relation to students' attitudes toward school. However, in the 1990s this tendency weakened. During this period : (1) Adolescent culture strengthened its character as youth culture in relation to the mass-consumption society and the media ; (2) Adolescents' interests shifted from the society, or their status within it, to their inner selves or the human relationships around them ; and (3) Establishing an identity became more difficult and adolescents' identities showed a tendency to diffuse. These changes were caused by schooling and the society surrounding it. Schooling came to emphasize the instant satisfaction and individuality of students rather than their future accomplishments or conformity (This can be described as the "Consumerization of Schooling"). Moreover, it was becoming more difficult for students to realize the merit of schooling, because of the universalization of higher education. As a result, school became just a "place of living, " where students spent long periods of time. As for the society outside school, adolescents were celebrated as independent consumers in the mass-consumption society. On the other hand, with the progress and spread of personal media such as cell-phones, the Internet and e-mail, it became easier for adolescents not only to greatly expand their relationships, but also to have several characters and to present any of them depending upon the context. Consequently, the basis of adolescence and adolescent culture was greatly weakened. This is bound to make the purpose and meaning of schooling more ambiguous in the twenty-first century.
著者
加藤 秀治 伊藤 江平 北村 明大 池永 訓昭 久保田 和幸
出版者
一般社団法人 日本機械学会
雑誌
日本機械学会論文集 (ISSN:21879761)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.83, no.855, pp.17-00258-17-00258, 2017 (Released:2017-11-25)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1

Recently, a titanium alloy has been as biomaterials that have stable mechanical property and superior biocompatibility. But the titanium alloy generally has higher young’s modulus in comparison with cortical bone, then bone resorption was occurred by stress shielding. For this reason β-type titanium alloy exhibiting super-elasticity and super-plasticity was developed. This alloy has high tensile stress and low young’s modulus too. However, the characteristics of this alloy is lost by severe heat environment and external force. Therefore, there is possibility that the advantageous characteristics may be lost during cutting. In this study, the effect of cutting temperature and cutting force on the affected layer was investigated by milling with small ball end mill tool in order to decrease the affected layer by cutting process. At the cutting speed of 16.0m/s, the thickness of the affected layer exceeded 2.5μm because of increasing of cutting temperature that approached to the neighborhood of transition temperature of this alloy. On the other hand, the affected layer was observed for the cutting condition of high cutting force by increasing feed rate of a tooth, depth of cut and pick feed, the thickness of the affected layer was 0.7μm .So, the affected layer was dominant by the influence of cutting temperature. To decreasing affected layer, the cutting temperature is able to decrease to decreasing feed rate of a tooth or depth of cut.
著者
山口 賀大 佐久間 重光 遠渡 将輝 坂口 晃平 田口 慧 小林 里奈 足立 充 伊藤 裕 田口 望 日比 英晴
出版者
一般社団法人 日本顎関節学会
雑誌
日本顎関節学会雑誌 (ISSN:09153004)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.2, pp.126-134, 2016-08-20 (Released:2016-10-14)
参考文献数
34

運動療法は,施術直後より関節可動域を増大し,疼痛を早期に軽減させ病悩期間を短縮するものの,その効果について定量的な評価を行った研究は少ない。本研究では,術者が行う顎関節可動化療法と患者が行う自己牽引療法を1つの運動療法プログラムとして捉え,非復位性関節円板前方転位症例に実施した際の短期的治療効果を検討した。顎関節機能に中等度以上の障害が認められた45例を対象として運動療法を施行し,初診時とその約2週間後の初回再来時における臨床症状(最大開口域,安静時痛,開閉口時痛,咀嚼時痛および日常生活支障度)について評価した。その結果,最大開口域,開閉口時痛,咀嚼時痛および日常生活支障度において有意な改善を認めた(p<0.001)。これら症状の改善は,運動療法により関節可動域が改善され,関節腔が拡大されることで下顎頭の動きが改善したものと考える。したがって,本運動療法プログラムは,非復位性関節円板前方転位に伴う諸症状を短期間に軽減させる有効な保存療法になる可能性が示唆された。
著者
宮崎 正三 有田 隆一 堀 了平 伊藤 圭二
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.3, pp.638-642, 1974-03-25 (Released:2008-03-31)
被引用文献数
13 21

The existence of the two crystalline forms of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC-HCI) was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. From the dissolution studies with crystalline powder and compressed disk, an appreciable difference in the dissolution behavior in water was detected between the two forms. In order to determine the effect of polymorphism on the gastrointestinal absorption of CTC-HCl, blood plasma levels obtained in rabbits after intraduodenal administration and cumulative amounts excreted in human subjects after oral administration of the two forms were compared. The results indicated that polymorphic state of CTC-HCl significantly influences bioavailability of the CTC-HCl.

1 0 0 0 OA 植物図説雑纂

著者
伊藤圭介 [編著]
巻号頁・発行日
vol.[114], 1800