著者
青木 幹喜
出版者
日本経営学会
雑誌
經營學論集 第89集 日本的経営の現在─日本的経営の何を残し,何を変えるか─ (ISSN:24322237)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.F42-1-F42-9, 2019 (Released:2019-09-26)

本研究では,「日本企業においてマネジャーがエンパワリング・リーダーシップをとるのは,どのような要因によって影響されるだろうか」というリサーチ・クエスチョンを明らかにするために,実証研究を行った。マネジャーがエンパワリング・リーダーシップをとるかどうかに影響を与える要因として,マネジャー自身の特徴(プロアクティブ性向,仕事の負担),部下の特徴(プロアクティブ性向,成熟度),そしてタスクの特徴(不確実性,依存性)を取り上げ,これら3つの要因がエンパワリング・リーダーシップへ影響を与えると予測した。日本の製造企業の製造現場で勤務する従業員を対象にしたアンケート調査を行い,データを入手し,そのデータを分析した結果,マネジャー自身の特徴のうち,マネジャー自身がプロアクティブ性向を持つかどうかが,マネジャーがエンパワリング・リーダーシップをとるかどうかにもっとも影響を与えることがわかった。
著者
青木 國彦
出版者
ロシア・東欧学会
雑誌
ロシア・東欧研究 (ISSN:13486497)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2016, no.45, pp.156-169, 2016 (Released:2018-06-02)
参考文献数
75

This paper studies the significance of Rosa Luxemburg’s famous words “Freedom for people who think differently” in her manuscript “The Russian Revolution” (1918) as a background of the event of January 17, 1988 in East Berlin.On 17 January 1988, a group tried to join the “fighting demonstration in honor of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg” in East Berlin with their own banners. The banners carried Rosa Luxemburg’s words: “Freedom is always the freedom for people who think differently” etc. quoted from her manuscript.The MfS (East German security forces, so-called “Stasi”) arrested more than 100 people on the day. The Stasi named this operation “Troublemakers”. Hundreds, or thousands of people protested against this operation in churches every night. Western media reported the event every day. East German authorities showed some mysterious actions for the control of the event.As for the initiator of the event there have been often misunderstandings since then. There has been a controversy also on the manuscript for a long time.The president of the East German PEN Club H. Kamnitzer (he was also an IM (spy) of the Stasi) contributed an article to the party organ “Neues Deutschland” of January 28, 1988. He emphasized that the group had taken the quotation out of context for their banners and that Rosa Luxemburg canceled these words right before her death (January 15, 1919). This idea is a rehash.For the first time Clara Zetkin’s book (1922) affirmed that Rosa Luxemburg canceled the contents of the manuscript. During the same period, Georg Lukács criticized Rosa Luxemburg theoretically. Since then there has been a heated controversy on the manuscript “The Russian Revolution”.In this paper, after having explained the event briefly, I will show who was the real initiator of the event. Then I will examine the criticism of Rosa Luxemburg by Zetkin and Lukács, and I will show the influences of the event on the fate of East Germany.My main conclusions are as follows: 1) the initiator of the event of January 17, 1988 in East Berlin was not a group of human rights activists, but the applicants for exit from the GDR, especially the working group “GDR Nationality Law”, 2) Rosa Luxemburg did not cancel her theory about and belief in the freedom, 3) Lukács studied Rosa Luxemburg’s theory about the freedom academically and understood it very well, though he attacked her, 4) Rosa Luxemburg thought that “Freedom for people who think differently” was essential not only for the socialist revolution, but also for the social development in general, and 5) the event of January 17, 1988 became the beginning of the last stage of the exit movement.
著者
青木 國彦
出版者
ロシア・東欧学会
雑誌
ロシア・東欧研究 (ISSN:13486497)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2006, no.35, pp.34-45, 2006 (Released:2011-01-31)
参考文献数
47

This paper criticizes Hirschman's interpretation of “the events of the autumn of 1989” that is representative of the popular interpretation. According to the popular interpretation, the process started just by change of the Hungarian west border in May, 1989. Hirschman (1995) has written the same. Using only this framework he studied why and how the Exodus and the reform movement tied up in East Germany in the autumn of 1989. He did not recognize very important historical facts and showed some unsuitable judgments.The central point of the events of the autumn of 1989 in East Germany is the opening of the Berlin Wall, i.e., liberalization of emigration and foreign travel. It was the result of the “Ausreise” (this word means departure, but as an official East German word it refers to emigration) movement that had existed since 1975 and was growing quickly. The most important demands for reform by people who decided to stay in the country in the autumn of 1989 were also liberalization of foreign travel and election. Therefore, the departure movement and the reform movement had different interests as well as a common interest. The history and roles of the departure movement since 1975, which is the most important historical fact, is missing in Hirschman (1995) and in the popular interpretation.The departure movement was not simply an escape movement, but a very strong and aggressive dissident one, because it demanded from the government acceptance of the human right to leave the country, which could not exist without ban on free departure and free foreign travel (isolation of the East German people) . The victory of the movement (the wall opening) brought about a chain collapse of East European communist systems. That suggests the movement was one of the three major movements from the bottom which brought about the system collapse. The others were Polish solidarity and the independence movement in the Baltic States.Hirschman also made other misjudgments. He argued that there were no “voices” in East Germany and that the tie-up of the departure movement and reform groups, such as “new forum” (derived from groups for peace, human rights and environment) arose for the first time in the autumn of 1989, and that Christa Wolff and other in traparty artistic people were the main forces for “voice.” In addition, because he considered the events of the autumn of 1989 separately from the historical context, the events were drawn only as accidental outbreaks.If the events of the autumn of 1989 had been considered in Hirschman's framework, the concept of “voice in pursuit of exit” could have been utilized. Footnote 5 of Hirschman (1995) mentioned the “voice in pursuit of exit” which Scott (1986) discovered as one of the forms of the emancipation of Cuban slaves. Hirschman called it “a mixed, exit-cum-voice strategy.” He should have developed this concept for study in the East German case if he wanted to persist in his model of voice-exit.
著者
望月 由紀子 青木 みのり
出版者
日本応用心理学会
雑誌
応用心理学研究 (ISSN:03874605)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.2, pp.128-141, 2019-11-30 (Released:2020-02-29)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
1

This research aimed to explore the effectiveness and limitations of assertiveness training by using the grounded modified theory approach. Results showed the training to be effective in initiating internal changes, behavioral changes, and other changes in both the participants and the people around them. On the other hand, the training was found to be ineffective in translating its effect into real-life situations as indicated by participants' responses as "The effect of training does not reach real life" and "I was trained that behavior is bound." This can be considered as a limitation of the training.
著者
長谷川 恵一 熊川 彰長 日下 和夫 佐藤 政裕 只野 真 今野 彰 青木 宏 名村 栄次郎 渥美 正博
出版者
一般社団法人 日本航空宇宙学会
雑誌
宇宙技術 (ISSN:13473832)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, pp.25-34, 2003 (Released:2003-12-06)
参考文献数
10

近い将来の再使用型ロケットエンジンの性能向上の一案として,伸展ノズルやデュアルベルノズルが有望であると考えられている.そこで,これらのノズルの基本特性を把握するために,4種のノズル(標準ノズル,伸展途中の過渡状態を模擬したステップノズル,デュアルベルノズルおよび可動伸展ノズル)を用いて,高空性能燃焼試験を実施した.試験で計測したノズル性能,圧力分布および熱伝達率等のデータをCFD解析結果と比較検討した.その結果,デュアルベルノズルの性能は標準ノズルやステップノズルよりも低く,現状のノズルコンターはさらに改良の余地があることが判明した.また,可動伸展ノズルの伸展時には,固定ノズルと伸展ノズル隙間からの燃焼ガスの逆流は認められず,ノズル壁面の熱伝達率は過渡的に約20%増加することが判明した.これらの現象はCFD解析結果とも一致し,CFD解析によってノズルのステップ流れや逆流が予測できる目処を得た.
著者
青木 雅浩
出版者
内陸アジア史学会
雑誌
内陸アジア史研究 (ISSN:09118993)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, pp.127-148, 2013-03-31 (Released:2017-10-10)

The 4th Congress of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party was held in September and October 1925 after the end of the conflict between E. Rinchino and T. Ryskulov. The present paper analyzes the activities of M. I. Amagaev - the representative of the Comintern in Mongolia - in the 4th Congress and examines the Mongolian policy of the USSR and the Comintern of that time. The Mongolian policy of the USSR and the Comintern since 1923 was to establish the structures of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, to construct the system in which the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party would lead the Mongolian state, and to exclude Noyan and Lama from the party and the government. The USSR and the Comintern planned to continue this course after the end of the conflict between Rinchino and Ryskulov. At the 4th Congress, Amagaev attempted to expand the activities of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party in the provinces of Outer Mongolia, to promote the construction of the party, and to execute the Mongolian policy of the USSR and the Comintern. At the 4th Congress, the USSR and the Comintern intended to further their Mongolian policy, which was the main cause of the conflict between Rinchino and Ryskulov. However, it led to the subsequent conflict between Amagaev and Dambadorj.
著者
青木 雅浩
出版者
内陸アジア史学会
雑誌
内陸アジア史研究 (ISSN:09118993)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.25, pp.97-119, 2010-03-31 (Released:2017-10-10)

The political turmoil in Outer Mongolia in the summer of 1924-the purge of S. DANZAN-is undoubtedly one of the most important events in the modern history of Mongolia. This paper analyzes the critical outcome to illuminate its repercussions on the political landscape of Outer Mongolia during this period. The political struggle between A. G. STARKOV and E. RINCHINO started in 1923, after the closing of the Second Congress of the Mongolian People's Party (MPP). With the support of the Comintern's line, A. G. STARKOV promoted a policy that aimed to expel the Mongolian aristocracy (noyans) and lamas from both the Mongolian People's Government (MPG) and the MPP. However, RINCHINO proposed to extend limited cooperation to noyans and lamas as the best possible choice for Outer Mongolia in those days. This led to the year-long confrontation between A. G. STARKOV and S. DANZAN, on the one side, and RINCHINO. In the summer of 1924, RINCHINO ousted A. G. STARKOV and S. DANZAN from the political arena when the Congress of the MPP and the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League were in session. The direct cause of the turmoil in the summer of 1924 lies in the political antagonism between two influential politicians, RINCHINO and A. G. STARKOV. Close examination unveils the fact that the USSR and the Comintern tried to push forward with a policy to drive noyans and lamas out of the MPP and the MPG, a policy eventually rejected by both.
著者
中村 友洋 高山 恒一 青木 秀貴 松居 昭宏 助川 直伸
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告計算機アーキテクチャ(ARC)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2003, no.119(2003-ARC-155), pp.69-74, 2003-11-27

共有メモリ型計算機において高い並列実効性能を実現するには,並列処理の起動終結時のバリア同期オーバーヘッドを低減することが重要である。ノードを構成する複数のマイクロプロセッサを一斉にしかも高速に起動させる協調型マイクロプロセッサ機構により高い並列実効性能を達成したスーパーテクニカルサーバSR8000の後継シリーズの初代モデルであるSR11000モデルH1は,キャッシュシステムを利用したソフトウェアによるバリア同期方式により,高速なバリア同期処理を実現することで,高い並列実効性能を達成する。本稿では高速バリア同期方式の概要とその高速化手法について述べ,SR11000モデルH1による性能評価結果を紹介する。
著者
青木 秀貴 處 雅尋 本川 敬子 五百木 伸洋 齋藤 拡二
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告計算機アーキテクチャ(ARC)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2004, no.80(2004-ARC-159), pp.109-114, 2004-07-31

SR11000モデルH1が採用するPOWER4+はハードウェアによるデータプリフェッチをサポートするが,多数のロードストリームを含むループでは,ハードウェアですべてのストリームをプリフェッチすることができず,性能が低下する。本稿では,この問題を解消するソフトウェアプリフェッチ手法について紹介する。評価の結果,本手法の適用により,ストリーム数が増えた場合にも安定して高い性能を実現できることを確認し,ストリーム数を考慮したループ分割が不要なことを明らかにした。SR11000モデルH1向けの日立最適化FORTRAN90コンパイラは,本手法によるコード生成が可能である。
著者
松居 昭宏 助川 直伸 高山 恒一 青木 秀貴 中村 友洋
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告計算機アーキテクチャ(ARC)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2003, no.119(2003-ARC-155), pp.81-86, 2003-11-27

大規模な科学技術計算アプリケーションは,一般に高いメモリ性能を要求する。これに対し,スーパーテクニカルサーバSR11000モデルH1では,高性能なメモリシステムの設計を行った。新しい設計における同機のアプリケーション特性を知るため,メモリに対する負荷を定量化する性能分析手法を開発した。SR11000モデルH1における評価の結果,本手法によりアプリケーション特性を高精度に定量化することが可能であり、また、得られた特性がアプリケーションのチューニング指標としても有効であることを確認した。
著者
青木 秀貴 高山 恒一 中村 友洋 松居 昭宏 助川 直伸
雑誌
情報処理学会研究報告計算機アーキテクチャ(ARC)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2003, no.119(2003-ARC-155), pp.75-80, 2003-11-27

POWER4+プロセッサによる8CPU超のSMPノードでは,各CPUがL2キャッシュミスを起こした際に発行するスヌープ要求同士の競合により,性能低下が発生する。このスヌープ競合の影響を評価した結果,スヌープ競合の発生しない8CPU構成と比べ,24CPU構成/32CPU構成ではアプリケーション実行時にそれぞれ平均20%/27%の性能低下を起こすのに対し,16CPU構成では平均10%の性能低下にとどまり,CPU数に対する高い性能スケーラビリティを実現できることがわかった。この結果に基づき,SR11000モデルH1のノードを16CPU構成とした。
著者
松本 良 青木 豊 渡部 芳夫
出版者
一般社団法人 日本地質学会
雑誌
地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.102, no.11, pp.931, 1996-11-15 (Released:2008-04-11)
被引用文献数
1 1