著者

Jing Lin Jun Zhu Yan Wang Na Zhang Hans-Jürgen Gober Xuemin Qiu Dajin Li Ling Wang

出版者

International Research and Cooperation Association for Bio & Socio-Sciences Advancement

雑誌

BioScience Trends (ISSN:18817815)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.5, pp.496-506, 2017-10-31 (Released:2017-11-20)

参考文献数

99

被引用文献数

19 67

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Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic skeletal disease generally ascribable to a dearth of estrogen. Whether traditional Chinese medicine is effective in management of postmenopausal osteoporosis remains unclear. This article reviews the experimental evidence of both in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies with the theme of the application of Chinese single herbs and active ingredients in postmenopausal osteoporosis. It includes three single herbs (Herba Epimedium, Rhizoma Drynariae, and Salvia miltiorrhiza) and eight active ingredients (saikosaponins, linarin, echinacoside, sweroside, psoralen, poncirin, vanillic acid, and osthole). The experimental studies indicated their potential use as treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis and investigated the underlying mechanisms including osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (OPG/RANKL), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/c-Jun N terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/JNK/MAPK), estrogen receptor (ER), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch signaling pathways. This review contributes to a better understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and provides useful information for the development of more effective anti-osteoporosis drugs.

著者

Atsushi Mizuno Chisa Matsumoto Daisuke Yoneoka Takuya Kishi Mari Ishida Shoji Sanada Memori Fukuda Yoshihiko Saito Keiko Yamauchi-Takihara Hiroyuki Tsutsui Keiichi Fukuda Issei Komuro Koichi Node

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Reports (ISSN:24340790)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.3, pp.137-141, 2021-03-10 (Released:2021-03-10)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

6

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Background:From the early phase of the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, cardiologists have paid attention not only to COVID-19-associated cardiovascular sequelae, but also to treatment strategies for rescheduling non-urgent procedures. The chief objective of this study was to explore confirmed COVID-19 cardiology case experiences and departmental policies, and their regional heterogeneity in Japan.Methods and Results:We performed a retrospective analysis of a nationwide survey performed by the Japanese Circulation Society on April 13, 2020. The questionnaire included cardiology department experience with confirmed COVID-19 cases and restriction policies, and was sent to 1,360 certified cardiology training hospitals. Descriptive analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis of each response were performed to reveal the heterogeneity of departmental policies. The response rate was 56.8% (773 replies). Only 16% of all responding hospitals experienced a COVID-19 cardiology case. High-risk procedures were restricted in more than one-fifth of hospitals, including transesophageal echocardiography (34.9%) and scheduled catheterization (39.5%). The presence of a cardiologist in the COVID-19 team, the number of board-certified cardiologists, any medical resource shortage and a state of emergency were positively correlated with any type of restriction.Conclusions:We found both low clinical case experiences with COVID-19 and restrictions of cardiovascular procedures during the first COVID-19 wave in Japan. Restrictions arising as a result of COVID-19 were affected by hospital- and country-level variables, such as a state of emergency.

著者

原口 美帆 安藤 元一 Haraguchi Miho Motokazu Ando 東京農業大学大学院 農学研究科バイオセラピー学専攻 東京農業大学大学院 農学研究科バイオセラピー学専攻 Department of Human and Animal-Plant Relationships Faculty of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture Department of Human and Animal-Plant Relationships Faculty of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture

出版者

東京農業大学

雑誌

東京農業大学農学集報 (ISSN:03759202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.128-136,

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明治時代から現在に至るハンターの関心事項の変遷を探るため,1891-2008年に発行された狩猟雑誌4誌(猟之友,銃猟界,狩猟と畜犬,狩猟界)の記事内容を調査した.雑誌1冊あたりの総ページ数,記事総数,広告数は,1950年代から1970年にかけての狩猟ブームの折に急増し,以降は減少傾向が続いた。これらの傾向は狩猟人口の変化と一致していたが,猟犬関連の記事にはそうした相関は見られなかった。記事が扱う鳥獣は,1950年代までは鳥類が主であったが,1980年代からは獣類の方が多くなった。クマは実際の捕獲数と比べて記事の数が多く,ハンターの関心の高さがうかがえた。獣類記事の中では1970年代までウサギが多かったが,1980年代以降はシカ・イノシシが8割以上を占めた。これらの傾向も実際の狩猟頭数や有害駆除頭数の変化を反映しており、狩猟がスポーツから獣害対策の手段に変化したことを示していた。This study was intended to investigate the change of article contents in hunters' magazines and animal/bird-related books for about 120 years from Meiji Era to the present. The following four hunters' magazines that were published during 1891-2008 were investigated: `Ryo-no-tomo (Friends of hunters)', `Juuryo-kai (Hunting gun world)', `Shuryo-to-chikken (Hunting and dog)' and `Shuryokai (Hunting world). Total page numbers per copy of hunting magazines steadily increased towards 1970 and started to decrease slowly thereafter. Total number of articles and the number of advertising articles also showed similar trends. Except for wartime (1918 and 1940), those changes were in proportion with the population number of registered hunters. Among advertising articles, those about hunting guns were dominant from the 1950s through 1970s. From 2000s, advertisements on hunting-related materials such as traps and clothing became the majority. In particular increase of trap-related advertisements increased sharply. In articles of hunting techniques, main target animals were birds in the 1950s, but shifted to mammals in the 1980s. Mammal-related articles were mainly on hares until the 1970s, but they shifted to deer and wild boars after the 1980s, occupying more than 80% of articles. This seemed to be a reflection that the number of hunted hares started to decrease after the 1970s and the number of hunted deer and wild boar for wildlife damage control increased after 2000. It turned out that the increase and decrease of total page numbers in hunting magazines was in proportion to the population of hunter, with the exception of wartime. They also reflected levels of wildlife damage and the actual hunting head count.

著者

Fuyu Miyake Chimed-Ochir Odgerel Yuko Mine Tatsuhiko Kubo Toshiharu Ikaga Yoshihisa Fujino

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.165-171, 2021-03-05 (Released:2021-03-05)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

3

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Background: Customarily, bedrooms in Japan are left unheated. Although several studies have reported that the use of a heating system has positive outcomes on respiratory infection and asthma, the preventive effect of heating systems against infectious diseases in children is not well known.Methods: We conducted a cohort study using two questionnaire surveys, one before the winter season in November, 2018 and the second after winter in March, 2019. Participants were 155 children who did not use a heating system in the bedroom and 156 children who did.Results: Having a heated bedroom with a heating system was associated with decreased odds for the frequency of cold (≥3 times) (adjust odds ratio [AOR] 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19–0.65), duration of fever (≥3 days) (AOR 0.38; 95% CI, 0.22–0.66), duration of medicine for a cold (≥3 days) (AOR 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87–0.95), hospital visit due to cold (≥3 days) (AOR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31–0.94), absence from school or nursery (≥3 days) (AOR 0.43; 95% CI, 0.27–0.70), influenza infection (AOR 0.43; 95% CI, 0.26–0.71), and gastroenteritis (AOR 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21–0.72). Influenza vaccination reduced the odds of influenza infection (AOR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.22–0.59) and absence from school or nursery (≥3 days) (AOR 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39–0.99).Conclusion: This study implies that the heating of bedrooms may have a preventive effect against infections among children. Broader dissemination of this knowledge in Japan will require cultural change through public health awareness.

著者

Won-gyu Yoo

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.1-2, 2013 (Released:2013-02-25)

参考文献数

10

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to show the effects of wearing a tight skirt on the VMO, VL, and TFL muscles during walking. [Subjects] Twelve female subjects were recruited. [Methods] The muscle activities of the VMO, VL, and TFL muscles were measured using a surface EMG system during walking while wearing a typical skirt and tight skirt. [Results] The VL and TFL muscle activities significantly increased, and VMO muscle activity significantly decreased when wearing a tight skirt. [Conclusion] We thought that a tight skirt might limit the normal gait. The abnormal gait movements resulting from wearing a tight skirt could cause imbalance of the VMO and VL.

著者

Chung-Hwi Yi Denis Brunt Hyeong-Dong Kim Paul Fiolkowski

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.81-85, 2003 (Released:2004-01-16)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

4 4

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ankle taping and the combined effect of ankle taping and exercise on ankle stabilization under four different conditions (pre-taped, taped, walking on the treadmill, removal of tape) in drop landing from a 40 cm height. The subjects consisted of 14 healthy adult (four male, ten female) volunteers with ages ranging from 22-28 years. Preamplified EMG electrodes were attached to the soleus, tibialis anterior, vastus medialis, and biceps femoris. EMG and force plate data were collected at 500 Hz. While standing on one leg, subjects hopped from a 40 cm height onto a force plate. The ankle of the right leg was then taped followed by a repeat of the hopping task, walking on a treadmill, and a second repetition of the hopping task. The hopping task was again repeated following the removal of the tape. Significant increases occurred in vertical ground reaction forces for the taped conditions compared with those in pretaped and untaped conditions. In the taped conditions, the soleus displayed a significant decrease in mean iEMG from impact to peak vertical ground reaction force (p<0.05). Results suggest that taping can provide enough mechanical support to limit ankle motion even after 30 minutes of walking on the treadmill. Additionally, diminished soleus iEMG activity may be related to an increase in the ground reaction forces upon landing from a jump.

著者

Kumi YOSHIDA Kin-ichi OYAMA Tadao KONDO

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, no.2, pp.51-68, 2021-02-10 (Released:2021-02-10)

参考文献数

63

被引用文献数

5

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Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is a unique flower because it is composed of sepals rather than true petals that have the ability to change color. In the early 20th century, it was known that soil acidity and Al3+ content could intensify the blue hue of the sepals. In the mid-20th century, the anthocyanin component 3-O-glucosyldelphinidin (1) and the copigment components 5-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic, and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acids (2–4) were reported. Interestingly, all hydrangea colors from red to purple to blue are produced by the same organic components. We were interested in this phenomenon and the chemical mechanisms underlying hydrangea color variation. In this review, we summarize our recent studies on the chemical mechanisms underlying hydrangea sepal color development, including the structure of the blue complex, transporters involved in accumulation of aluminum ion (Al3+), and distribution of the blue complex and aluminum ions in living sepal tissue.

著者

Su-Hyung LEE Du-Min GO Sang-Ho WOO Jee-Yong EUN Dae-Yong KIM

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.16-0373, (Released:2016-11-05)

被引用文献数

1

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A six-year-old castrated male Maltese dog presented to a private animal clinic with a mass on the dog’s lower lip without any other clinical signs. The mass (3 × 2 × 2 cm) was whitish and grossly well circumscribed, and a histopathological examination revealed that the mass was composed of normal cartilage tissue surrounded by fibrous connective tissues. Based on the gross findings, histopathology and anatomical location of the mass, the first diagnosis of a cartilaginous choristoma in a dog was made.

著者

Hinata Kawamura Satoko Hakeda-Suzuki Takashi Suzuki

出版者

The Genetics Society of Japan

雑誌

Genes & Genetic Systems (ISSN:13417568)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.5, pp.235-247, 2020-10-01 (Released:2021-02-11)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

6

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Neural activity contributes to synaptic regulation in sensory systems, which allows organisms to adjust to changing environments. However, little is known about how synaptic molecular components are regulated to achieve activity-dependent plasticity at central synapses. Previous studies have shown that following prolonged exposure to natural ambient light, the presynaptic active zone (AZ), an area associated with presynaptic neurotransmitter release in Drosophila photoreceptors, undergoes reversible remodeling. Other studies suggest that the secretory protein Wingless (Wg; an ortholog of Wnt-1) can mediate communication between synaptic cells to achieve synaptic remodeling. However, the source of Wg and the mechanism of Wg signal modulation by neuronal activity remained unclear. Here, we found that Wg secreted from glial cells regulates synaptic remodeling in photoreceptors. In addition, antibody staining revealed that Wg changes its localization depending on light conditions. Although Wg is secreted from glial cells, Wg appeared inside photoreceptor axons when flies were kept under light conditions, suggesting that an increase in neuronal activity causes Wg internalization into photoreceptors by endocytosis. Indeed, by blocking endocytosis in photoreceptors, the localization of Wg in photoreceptors disappeared. Interestingly, Wg accumulation was higher in axons with disassembled AZ structure than in axons whose AZ structure was stabilized at the single-cell level, indicating that Wg endocytosis may trigger AZ disassembly. Furthermore, when we genetically activated Wg signaling, Wg accumulation in photoreceptors decreased. Conversely, when we suppressed Wg signaling there was an increase in Wg accumulation. Through RNAi screening of Ca2+-binding proteins in photoreceptors, we found that Calcineurin is a key molecule that triggers Wg endocytosis. Overall, we propose that Wg signaling is regulated by a negative feedback loop driven by Wg endocytosis. The increase in neuronal activity is transmitted via calcium signaling, which leads to a decrease in Wg signaling and thereby promotes presynaptic remodeling.

著者

Jinju Park Han Joo Kim Sang Hwa Shin Eunjung Park Jin-Kyoung Oh Eun Young Park Min Kyung Lim

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20200213, (Released:2021-02-06)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

10

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Background: The popularity of heated tobacco products (HTPs) has been growing globally but, limited information exists on tobacco use behaviors and its impact on tobacco control. This study investigates awareness and perception of HTPs among tobacco users, and whether perceptions of HTPs are associated with HTP use and intention to quit.Methods: 2,000 tobacco users aged 19–65 years with countrywide representation were invited to an online survey in November 2018. Information on general characteristics, tobacco use behaviors, awareness and perception of HTPs, and intention to quit, were gathered. Multinomial logistic regression analysis and ANCOVA were used for estimation of association and comparison.Results: Among all tobacco users, 36.8% were classified as ever users, whereas 28.3% had used HTPs in the past 30 days, which was higher than expected. Users of liquid-based e-cigarettes (OR: 1.578; CI: 1.210–2.056) and poly product (OR: 2.029; CI: 1.121–3.671) showed higher intention to quit within 1 month when compared to users of conventional cigarettes (CCs), whereas HTP users and dual product users did not. HTP users rated HTPs more favorably than CCs in terms of smoke, smell, harm, aid in quitting, design, and price than users of other products did (p-value <0.001).Conclusions: We find that positive perception of HTPs following strategic marketing from tobacco companies could have contributed to an increase in HTP use than expected in Korea. However, HTPs might not be considered substitutes for CCs for quitting tobacco use because a significant proportion of dual product users reported a lower intention to quit.

著者

Kosuke Ogata Chih-Hsiang Chang Yasushi Ishihama

出版者

The Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan

雑誌

Mass Spectrometry (ISSN:2187137X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.A0093, (Released:2020-12-11)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

13

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The insertion of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) between LC and MS can improve peptide identification in both proteomics and phosphoproteomics by providing structural information that is complementary to LC and MS, because IMS separates ions on the basis of differences in their shapes and charge states. However, it is necessary to know how phosphate groups affect the peptide collision cross sections (CCS) in order to accurately predict phosphopeptide CCS values and to maximize the usefulness of IMS. In this work, we systematically characterized the CCS values of 4,433 pairs of mono-phosphopeptide and corresponding unphosphorylated peptide ions using trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS). Nearly one-third of the mono-phosphopeptide ions evaluated here showed smaller CCS values than their unphosphorylated counterparts, even though phosphorylation results in a mass increase of 80 Da. Significant changes of CCS upon phosphorylation occurred mainly in structurally extended peptides with large numbers of basic groups, possibly reflecting intramolecular interactions between phosphate and basic groups.

著者

石塚 純一 イシズカ ジュンイチ Jun-ichi Ishizuka

雑誌

比較文化論叢 : 札幌大学文化学部紀要

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.39-61, 2003-09-15

著者

Maho NAKAZAWA Hirotaka TOMIYASU Kanako SUZUKI Hajime ASADA Aki FUJIWARA-IGARASHI Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO Aki OHMI Koichi OHNO Michio FUJITA Hajime TSUJIMOTO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0464, (Released:2021-01-20)

被引用文献数

6

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Nasal lymphoma (NL) is the most common nasal tumor in cats, and radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments have been described as the treatment for this disease. However, the previous studies included various machines and protocols of radiotherapy. Therefore, we aimed to retrospectively compare the prognosis among cases treated with palliative hypofractionated radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and a combination of them with united machine and protocol of radiotherapy. When compared overall survival and progression free survival, there was no significant difference among these three groups. The data of this study suggested that similar efficacy could be achieved by palliative hypofractionated radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of them.

著者

Kazuko URUSHIBARA-YOSHINO Kazuki MORI

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.5, pp.272-289, 2007-04-01 (Released:2010-03-12)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

3 4 5

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This study tried to clarify the ecological damage in the areas of sheep transhumance, after the regime change of 1989, in the South Carpathian Mts. of Romania. The number of sheep increased by a factor of ten per hectare in areas where transhumance was practiced in the South Carpathian Mountains. This was because the sheep cheese produced in this area became more popular and increased in price. Jina and Poiana Sibiului villages are located on the third peneplain (900-1000m a. s. l.) of the Southern Carpathian Mountains, which consists of crystalline schist of Precambrian origin. Soil erosion of common lands and water pollution caused by the transhumance of sheep is a serious problem in these villages. Soil erosion speeds were measured by comparing profiles on Sept. 20, 2003, and Sept. 6, 2004. Soil erosion in these transhumance areas progressed more during that one year. The bedrock is extremely hard and the recovery of soil and vegetation will probably be difficult over the short term. In Patârlagele, where soils were composed of Miocene marl, soil erosion was very prevalent and easily progressed. However, the recovery of soils and vegetation was faster than in Jina and Poiana Sibiului, because of the softer and younger mother rock. In Jina and Poiana Sibiului, the Roma and Bayash people have been washing wool in the creeks. The water was seriously polluted as a result. Results of a chemical analysis showed high sodium, potassium and bicarbonate levels after wool washing. It is recommended that in areas with soil erosion, sheep would not be allowed entry so as to protect nature. Wool washing should be done in plants, where polluted water can be treated before being discharged into natural.

著者

Gui-Min ZHANG

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.5, pp.304-323, 2002-04-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

23

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This paper aims to clarify the mechanism of formation of the vegetable producing area in Okabe Town of Saitama Prefecture and the conditions of its sustainable development. The decline of sericulture and the development of vegetable production have close relationship with the change of socioeconomic environment surrounding the local community. And the improvement of agricultural management environment in this area has promoted the formation of vegetable producing area. At the level of farm household, internal farming conditions of each household had the strongest influence over the farmer's decision-making, such as arable-land area; farm labor force, especially male farm workers; and successors of agricultural management. Furthermore, when the successor got married and took part in the agricultural management, or when the head of household was replaced by younger generation, the management policy is changed and the introduction into a new management sector is encouraged. The formation of vegetable producing area in Okabe Town experienced three stages. First, in succeeding the introduction of broccoli production by an enterprising farmer, many farmers introduced broccoli one after another. Second, the individual farm households organized moderately-linked groups of farm households to secure more favorable conditions in the production and sales of agricultural products, to establish cooperative and complementary relationship between the farm households or settlements and to sustain the development. Third, they organized the Council for the Unified Shipment of Fruits and Vegetables within the jurisdiction of the Agricultural Cooperative. Thus, the individual vegetable farms have been organized spatially, and the space for vegetable production has expanded from “point” (individual farm) to “plane” (vegetable producing area).

著者

Yang­-yang Cui Qing Cai Zhu L Yang

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.29-35, 2021-01-20 (Released:2021-01-20)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

4

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Amanita chuformis, a new species in the A. pseudogemmata-A. ballerina subclade of Amanita section Phalloideae, is described from China with both multi-gene phylogenetic and morphological data. This species occurs in subalpine coniferous forests in southwestern China and is characterized by its brownish pileus decorated with conical to patch-like volval remnants, a slightly striate pileal margin, a marginate basal bulb, and weakly amyloid to amyloid, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 9.5–11 × 8–9.5 μm. Phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the nuclear ribosomal RNA large subunit (nrLSU) and the genes for the polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) and for translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1α) indicate A. chuformis is close to A. pseudogemmata and A. levistriata. The new species is described, illustrated and compared with closely related and similar species.

著者

Bjorn STEVENS Claudia ACQUISTAPACE Akio HANSEN Rieke HEINZE Carolin KLINGER Daniel KLOCKE Harald RYBKA Wiebke SCHUBOTZ Julia WINDMILLER Panagiotis ADAMIDIS Ioanna ARKA Vasileios BARLAKAS Joachim BIERCAMP Matthias BRUECK Sebastian BRUNE Stefan A. BUEHLER Ulrike BURKHARDT Guido CIONI Montserrat COSTA-SURÓS Susanne CREWELL Traute CRÜGER Hartwig DENEKE Petra FRIEDERICHS Cintia Carbajal HENKEN CATHY Hohenegger Marek JACOB Fabian JAKUB Norbert KALTHOFF Martin KÖHLER Thirza W. van LAAR Puxi LI Ulrich LÖHNERT Andreas MACKE Nils MADENACH Bernhard MAYER Christine NAM Ann Kristin NAUMANN Karsten PETERS Stefan POLL Johannes QUAAS Niklas RÖBER Nicolas ROCHETIN Leonhard SCHECK Vera SCHEMANN Sabrina SCHNITT Axel SEIFERT Fabian SENF Metodija SHAPKALIJEVSKI Clemens SIMMER Shweta SINGH Odran SOURDEVAL Dela SPICKERMANN Johan STRANDGREN Octave TESSIOT Nikki VERCAUTEREN Jessica VIAL Aiko VOIGT Günter ZÄNGL

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.2, pp.395-435, 2020 (Released:2020-05-08)

参考文献数

131

被引用文献数

12 85

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More than one hundred days were simulated over very large domains with fine (0.156 km to 2.5 km) grid spacing for realistic conditions to test the hypothesis that storm (kilometer) and large-eddy (hectometer) resolving simulations would provide an improved representation of clouds and precipitation in atmospheric simulations. At scales that resolve convective storms (storm-resolving for short), the vertical velocity variance becomes resolved and a better physical basis is achieved for representing clouds and precipitation. Similarly to past studies we found an improved representation of precipitation at kilometer scales, as compared to models with parameterized convection. The main precipitation features (location, diurnal cycle and spatial propagation) are well captured already at kilometer scales, and refining resolution to hectometer scales does not substantially change the simulations in these respects. It does, however, lead to a reduction in the precipitation on the time-scales considered – most notably over the ocean in the tropics. Changes in the distribution of precipitation, with less frequent extremes are also found in simulations incorporating hectometer scales. Hectometer scales appear to be more important for the representation of clouds, and make it possible to capture many important aspects of the cloud field, from the vertical distribution of cloud cover, to the distribution of cloud sizes, and to the diel (daily) cycle. Qualitative improvements, particularly in the ability to differentiate cumulus from stratiform clouds, are seen when one reduces the grid spacing from kilometer to hectometer scales. At the hectometer scale new challenges arise, but the similarity of observed and simulated scales, and the more direct connection between the circulation and the unconstrained degrees of freedom make these challenges less daunting. This quality, combined with already improved simulation as compared to more parameterized models, underpins our conviction that the use and further development of storm-resolving models offers exciting opportunities for advancing understanding of climate and climate change.

著者

Aoki Wataru Watanabe Maiko Watanabe Masaki Kobayashi Naoki Terajima Jun Sugita-Konishi Yoshiko Kondo Kazunari Hara-Kudo Yukiko

出版者

日本遺伝学会

雑誌

Genes & Genetic Systems (ISSN:13417568)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.3, pp.133-139, 2020

被引用文献数

3

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<p><i>Entoloma sarcopum</i> is widely known as an edible mushroom but appears morphologically similar to the poisonous mushrooms <i>E. rhodopolium</i> sensu lato (s. l.) and <i>E. sinuatum</i> s. l. Many cases of food poisoning caused by eating these poisonous mushrooms occur each year in Japan. Therefore, they were recently reclassified based on both morphological and molecular characteristics as sensu stricto species. In this study, we analyzed the nucleotide sequences of the rRNA gene (rDNA) cluster region, mainly including the internal transcribed spacer regions and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) gene, in <i>E. sarcopum</i> and its related species, to evaluate performances of these genes as genetic markers for identification and molecular phylogenetic analysis. We found that the CO1 gene contained lineage-specific insertion/deletion sequences, and our CO1 tree yielded phylogenetic information that was not supported by analysis of the rDNA cluster region sequence. Our results suggested that the CO1 gene is a better genetic marker than the rDNA cluster region, which is the most widely used marker for fungal identification and classification, for discrimination between edible and poisonous mushrooms among Japanese <i>E. sarcopum</i> and related species. Our study thus reports a new genetic marker that is useful for detection of Japanese poisonous mushrooms, <i>Entoloma</i>.</p>

著者

末次 健司 Hsu Tian-Chuan

出版者

日本植物分類学会

雑誌

植物地理・分類研究 (ISSN:03886212)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, 2020

著者

Ken-ichi Okumura

出版者

Arachnological Society of Japan

雑誌

Acta Arachnologica (ISSN:00015202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.77-94, 2020-12-20 (Released:2020-12-24)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

5

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There are currently doubts about the correct genus of many Japanese species of coelotine spider provisionally classified in the genus Coelotes. Thus, taxonomic revisions were performed on 16 species with two retromarginal teeth on their chelicerae. Consequently, three new genera of the subfamily Coelotinae are described here. Aeolocoelotes gen. n. consists of seven species, which are characterized by extremely diverse variations in their genital organs and by the clear parapatric distributions among the congeneric species. Individuals in Aeolocoelotes gen. n. have large and dark-colored bodies, and females have a stiff chitinous epigyne. Curticoelotes gen. n. consists of six species, which are characterized by a short cymbium in the male palp. Finally, Griseidraconarius gen. n. consists of three species, which are characterized by their pale-colored bodies, spiraled conductors in the male palp, and tiny epigynal teeth.